JIS S 0031: Guidelines for the elderly and people with disabilities -- Visual signs and displays -- Specification of age-related relative luminance and its use in assessment of light

2004·1.1 MB·English

by  Japan Standards Association (JSA)

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JIS S 0031 (2004) (English): Guidelines for the
elderly and people with disabilities -- Visual
signs and displays -- Specification of
age-related relative luminance and its use in
assessment of light
The citizens of a nation must
honor the laws of the land.
Fukuzawa Yukichi

JAPANESE
INDUSTRIAL
STANDARD
Translated and Published by
Japanese Standards Association
JI5 5 0031:
2004
(AIST /NITE)
Guidelines for the elderly and
people with disabilities-Visual
signs and displays-Specification
of age-related relative luminance
and its use in assessment of light
ICS 13.120; 17.180.20; 97.020
Reference number: JIS S 0031: 2004 (E)
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S 0031 : 2004
Foreword
This translation has been made based on the original Japanese Industrial
Standard established by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry
through deliberations at the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee
according to the proposal of establishing a Japanese Industrial Standard
from National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science Technology
(AIST)/National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Conformity
Assessment Center (NITE), with a draft Industrial Standard based
on the provision of Article 12 Clause 1 of the Industrial Standardization
Law.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some parts of this Standard
may conflict with a patent right, application for a patent after opening
to the public, utility model right or application for registration of utility
model after opening to the public which have technical properties. The
relevant Minister and the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee
are not responsible for identifying the patent right, application for a
patent after opening to the public, utility model right or application for
registration of utility model after opening to the public which have the
said technical properties.
Date of Establishment: 2004-01-20
Date of Public Notice in Official Gazette: 2004-01-20
Investigated by: Japanese Industrial Standards Committee
Standards Board
Technical Committee on Consumer Life
Products
JIS S 0031: 2004, First English edition published in 2004-01
Translated and published by: Japanese Standards Association
4-1-24, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-8440 JAPAN
In the event of any doubts arising as to the contents,
the original JIS is to be the final authority.
© J5A 2004
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Printed in Japan
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S 0031: 2004
Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1
1 Scope .................................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative references ........................................................................................ 1
3 Definitions .......................................................................................................... 2
4 Specification of age-related relative luminance ........................................... 2
5 Assessment of light using age-related relative luminance ........................ 3
6 Record .................................................................................................................. 3
Annex 1 (informative) Example of calculation of visual contrast using
age-related relative luminance .... ......... ..... .......... ....... ... 6
Annex 2 (informative) Specification of age-related relative equivalent
luminance and its use in assessment of light ............ 9
(i)
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JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARD JIS S 0031 : 2004
Guidelines for the elderly and
people with disabilities-Visual signs and
displays-Specification of age ... related
relative luminance and its use
in assessment of light
Introduction In spite of the rapid increase in the elderly population in Japan,
indistinct visual signs and displays for the elderly are increasing. This Japanese
Industrial Standard has been established as guidelines for assessing and designing
distinct visual signs and displays required so that especially the elderly may lead a
safe and comfortable life. This Standard specifies the method of calculating the age
related relative luminance, when the target of various ages looks at; the light source
and the object, based on the age-related spectral luminous efficiency, and assessing
brightness of the light source and the object.
1 Scope This Standard specifies the method of assessment of the visual efficiency
of light and the visibility based on it when the target to be observed of ages from the
young to the elderly (hereafter referred to as "the target") looks at the light source
and the object using the age-related relative luminance in consideration of ages of
the target.
In addition, this Standard applies to the light source and the object of which spectral
radiance is known or measurable, which are seen under a bright environment called
photopic vision, and does not apply to those which are seen under a dark environ
ment called mesopic vision and scotopopic vision.
Remarks 1 The age-related relative luminance specified in this Standard is used
only for comparing with the age-related relative luminance obtained
by the age-related spectral lunlinous efficiency of the same age.
Therefore, it can not be used for comparing with the luminance ob
tained by spectral luminous efficiency for the eIE standard photo
metric observer or with the age-related relative luminance obtained
by the age-related spectral luminous efficiency of the different age.
2 This Standard targets at the healthy people without a visual medi
cal history of the age from teens to seventies. Furthermore, for the
target of younger than teens or older than seventies, this Standard
may apply by extrapolating the age-related spectral luminous effi
ciency.
3 As the information on usage of the age-related relative luminance,
Example of calculation of visual contrast using age-related relative
luminance is given in Annex 1 (informative), and Specification of age
related relative luminance and its use in assessment of light is given
in Annex 2 (informative).
2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through
reference in this Standard, constitute provisions of this Standard. The most recent
editions of the standards (including anlendments) shall be applied.
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JIS Z 8113 Lighting vocabulary
JIS Z 8724 Methods of colour measurement-Light-source colour
3 Definitions For the purposes of this Standard, in addition to the definitions in
JIS Z 8113, the following definitions shall apply.
a) spectral luminous efficiency Ratio of the radiant flux at wavelength Am to
that at wavelength A when both radiations produce equally intense luminous
sensations (brightness sensations) under specified photometric conditions. Am
is chosen so that the maximum value of this ratio is equal to 1 (see JIS Z 8113).
b) visual efficiency of light ,Relative energy efficiency when visible radiation
is incorporated in a visual system and visual sensations are produced.
c) spectral radiance Radiance expressed as monochromatic radiation or as spectral
distribution.
d) age-related spectral luminous efficiency Spectral luminous efficiency de
fined by age in consideration of the change of spectral luminous efficiency with
age.
e) age-related relative luminance Quantity obtained by calculating by age based
on the age-related spectral luminous efficiency, which is equivalent to luminance.
f) visual response Visual sensations produced when visible radiation is incor
porated in a visual system.
g) visual effect The effect of light on various visual functions generated by vi
sual sensations.
h) spectral luminous efficiency for the CIE standard photometric observer
The value agreed at International Commission on Illumination (CIE) as stan
dard spectral luminous efficiency of man's eyes. There are two types; spectral
luminous efficiency for the CIE standard photometric observer V(A) in photopic
vision and spectral luminous efficiency for the CIE standard photometric ob
server V' (A) in scotopopic vision (see JIS Z 8113).
4 Specification of age"related relative luminance The age-related relative lu
minance shall be calculated according to the formula (1).
I70,0
L(a) = L e,,tV(A)ca)L1A ...................................................... (1)
4.00
where, L(a): age-related relative luminance (W • m-2• sr-1)
Le,A: spectral radiance (W· m-2• sr-1 • nm-1)
V(It)(a): age-related spectral luminous efficiency
L1A: wavelength width (5 nm)
Remarks: LCal is expressed, for example, as L(20) if subscript (a) (increased or
decreased by 10 according to the target's age) is to indicate that the
target is in hislher twenties. Le,A shall be the value measured in the
range of 400 nm to 700 nrn in accordance with the method specified
in JIS Z 8724. L1A indicates wavelength width, and it should be 5 nrn.
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V(It)(aJ is expressed, for example, as V(A.)C20) if subscript (a) (increased
or decreased by 10 according to the target's age) is to indicate that
the target is in hislher twenties, and reads a suitable value from the
age-related spectral luminous efficiency given in Attached Table 1 cor
responding to the age of the target.
Information: When the right side of the formula (1) is multiplied by the maxi
mum luminous efficacy, the formula (1) becomes the same for
mula as the formula which defines luminance, and the value
corresponding to luminance is obtained. However, the maximum
luminous efficacy in this case is determined by scaling so that
the value at 540 THz in frequency (wavelength of about 555 nm
in air) becomes 683 ImIW for the age-related spectral luminous
efficiency, and differs from 683 ImfW which is dHtermined by the
same method for the spectral luminous efficiency for the eIE
standard photometric observer in photopic vision.
5 Assessment of light using age-related relative luminance The assessment
of light using age-related relative luminance shall be performed according to the relative
relation (size relation) between values calculated using the age-related spectral luminous
efficiency of the same age, and the visual response or the visual effect of two lights
shall be assessed as follows:
If LCa)(A) > L(a)(B), then the visual response or the visual effect of light A is
higher than that of light B.
If LCa)(A) = L(a)(B), then the visual response or the visual effect of light A is
equal to that of light B.
L(a)(A) < Lca)(B), then the visual response or the visual effect of light A is
lower than that of light B.
where, L(a)(A): age-related relative luminance (W • m-2 • srI)
of a years old for light A
L(a)(B): age-related relative luminance (\V • m-2• sr-1)
of a years old for light B
a years old: It shall be the same age for light A and light
B.
6 Record \Vhen calculating and assessing the age-related relative luminance, it
is desirable to record the following items as appropriate.
a) Age of the target
Example: 65 years old
b) Illuminance of observation environment
Example: 200 Ix
c) Spectral radiance
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Example:
-
Wavelength It (nm) Light A (W· m 2 • sr-1 • nm-i) Light B (W • rn-2 • sr-i • nm-i)
400 3.121>< 10-3 7.082>< 10-6
405 4.176x 10-3 7.765 X1 0 .. 6
410 5.753x.1O-3 1.033 X1 0-5
695 4.055 X1 0-5 1.179X 10-5
700 8.054><10-5 1.499><10-5
d) rfype of spectral radiance meter and wavelength width AA (when mea
suring spectral radiance)
Example: spectral radiance meter, L1A 5 nm
e) Age-related spectral luminous efficiency (obtain from Attached Table 1 and
write down)
Example: Age-related spectral luminous efficiency of sixties
Wavelength A. (nrn) V(}.) (60)
400 0.00152
405 0.00247
410 0.00384
695 0.00937
700 0.00670
D Calculation result of age-related luminance and assessment
Example: L(al(A) 0.098 8 W • m-2 • sr1 > L(a)(B) = 0.070 9 W • m-2• sr1
Therefore, for the target of sixties, the visual response or the visual
effect of light A is higher than that of light B.
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