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Jean-Paul Sartre : basic writings PDF

348 Pages·2002·13.6 MB·English
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Jean-Paul Sartre: BasicW ritings 'This immensely useful volume makes it possible for readerst o get a substantiala nd comprehensivek nowledgeo f Sartreanp hilosophy.I t is a remarkablea chievement.' HazelE . Barnes,U niversity ofC oloradoa t Boulder ' ... this is a worthwhile andi lluminating book.' BaronessM ary Warnock ' ... bringst ogetherju st the right texts,o rderedin the right way, to draw the studenti nto Sartre.' JohnJ . Compton,EmerituPs rofessoro fP hilosophy,V anderbilt University 'StephenP riest'ss uccinct,a nalyticali ntroductionsa rei nvaluable. .. a wide- rangingc ollectiono f extracts.' ChristinaH owells, WadhamC ollege, Oxford Jean-PauSl artrei s one of the most famous philosopherso f the twentieth century. The principal founder of existentialism,a political thinker and famousn ovelist and dramatist,h is work hase xertede normousin fluencei n philosophy,l iterature,p olitics and cultural studies.l ean-PaulS artre: Basic Writings is the first collection of Sartre'sk ey philosophicalw ritings and providesa n indispensablere sourcefo r all studentsa ndr eaderso f his work. StephenP riest'sc leara ndh elpful introductionss ete achr eadingi n context, makingt he volumea n idealc ompanionf or thosec omingt o Sartre'sw ritings for the first time. A key featureo f the anthologyi s that it includest he full text of Sartre's famousE xistentialisma ndH umanism. The selectionsa ref rom: Existentialisma ndH umanism Beinga ndN othingness Transcendencoe ft he Ego The Psychologyo fI magination Whati s Literature? Searchf or a Method Notebooksfo r an Ethics The Family Idiot Critique ofD ialectical Reason Stephen Priest is Readeri n Philosophya t the University of Edinburgh and a Visiting Scholaro f Wolfson College,O xford. He is the authoro f The British Empiricists, Theorieso ft he Mind, Merleau-Pontya nd The Subjecti n Questiona nda lso editoro f Hegel'sC ritique ofK ant. This page intentionally left blank: Jean-Paul Sartre: BasicW ritings Edited by StephenP riest Routledge Taylor & Francis Group LONDON AND NEW YORK First published2 001 by Routledge 2 ParkS quare,M ilton Park, Abingdon Oxon, OX14 4RN Simultaneouslyp ublishedi n the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 MadisonA venue,N ew York, NY 10016 Reprinted2 002, 2003,2 005 (twice) Transferredto Digital Printing 2005 Routledgeis an imprint oft he Taylor & Francis Group © 2001 StephenP riest Typeseti n Times by BOOK NOW Ltd All rights reserved.N o part of this book may be reprintedo r reproducedo r utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical,o r otherm eans,n ow known or hereafter invented,i ncluding photocopyinga nd recording,o r in any information storageo r retrieval system,w ithout permissioni n writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguingi n Publication Data A cataloguer ecordf or this book is available from the British Library Library ofC ongressC atalogingi n Publication Data Sartre,J ean-Paul1, 905-80 [Selections.E nglish, 2000] Jean-PauSl artre:b asicw ritings I [edited by] StephenP riest. p. cm. Includesb ibliographicalr eferences. 1. Existentialism.I . Priest,S tephen.II . Title. B2430.S31P 75 2000 194-dc21 00-056017 ISBN 0-415-21367-3( hbk) ISBN 0-415-21368-1( pbk) Contents Acknowledgements vii 1 Sartrei n thew orld 1 2 Existentialism 20 3 Phenomenology 58 4 Imaginationa nde motion 89 5 Being 106 6 Nothingness 135 7 The self 148 8 Temporality 163 9 Freedom 177 10 Responsibility 191 11 Bad faith 204 12 Others 221 13 Psychoanalysis 244 14 Writing 258 15 Thew ork of art 289 16 Politics 300 Bibliography 334 This page intentionally left blank: Acknowledgements Thee ditora ndt hep ublishersw ish to thankt hef ollowing for permission to usec opyrightm aterial: Jean-PauSl artre,E xistentialisma nd Humanism;t ranslationa nd intro- duction by Philip Mairet. First publishedi n Great Britain in 1948 by Methuen, now Methuen Publishing Limited, 215 Vauxhall Bridge Road,L ondonS WIV lEJ. All rights reserved. Je an-PaulS artre,E squissed 'une tMorie dese motions( Sketchf or a theory oft he emotions).C opyright© 1939.P aris,H ermann. Jean-PaulS artre, Being and Nothingness; translated and with an introductionb y HazelE . Barnes,1 956.U sedb y permissiono f the Philo- sophical Library, New York and InternationalT homson Publishing Services. "The Cogito As Reflective Consciousnessf"r om "the I and the Me" from Transcendencoe ft he Ego: an ExistentialistT heoryo fC onsciousness by Jean-PauSl artre,t ranslateda nd annotatedw ith an introductionb y Forrest Williams and Robert Kirkpatrick. Copyright © 1960, The NoondayP ress,I nc., New York. Reprintedb y permissiono f Farrar, Strausa ndG iroux, LLC. Jean-PaulS artre, The Psychologyo f Imagination. Copyright © 1948. Reprintedb y permissiono f PhilosophicaLl ibrary Inc. andI nternational ThomsonP ublishingS ervices. Jean-PaulS artre, What is Literature?; translated from French by BernardF rechtman.C opyright © 1950, Methuen.U sedb y permission of the PhilosophicalL ibrary, New York and InternationalT homson PublishingS ervices. viii Acknowledgements Jean-PaulS artre, Search for a Method (New York: Vintage Books, 1963). Originally publishedi n Frencha s "Questionsd e Methode" in Critique de la RaisonD ialectique, Vol. 1. Copyright © 1960 by Editions Gallimard. Reprintedb y permissiono f GeorgesB orchardt,I nc. andb y permissiono f Alfred A. Knopf, a Division of RandomH ouse,I nc. Je an-PaulS artre,N otebooksfo r an Ethics; translatedb y David Pellauer. Reprintedb y permissiono f The Universityo f ChicagoP ress. GustaveF laubert, The Family Idiot. Reprintedb y permissiono f The Universityo f ChicagoP ress. Jean-PaulS artre, Critique of Dialectical Reason, Vol. 1: Theory of PracticalE nsemblest,r anslatedb y Alan SheridanS mith.L ondon:V erso, 1991. Every effort hasb eenm adet o tracea ll the copyrighth olders,b ut if any have beeni nadvertentlyo verlookedt he publishersw ill be pleasedt o maket he necessarya rrangemenat t the first opportunity. 1 Sartre in the world StephenP riest LibertYI EqualitYI Fraternity Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-80) is one of the greatest French thinkers. A polemical and witty essayist, a metaphysician of subjectivity, a political activist, a revolutionary pol itical theorist, a humanistic novel ist, a didactic playwright, his genius lies in his powers of philosophical synthesis and the genre-breaching breadth of his imagination. In the 1970s, the French journalist Michel Rybalka delivered a lecture on Sartre which divided his intellectual development into three stages: liberty, equality and fraternity. The three concepts of the slogan of the French revolutionaries of 1789 were used to denote three kinds of philosophy which Sartre endorsed: existentialism, from the mid-1930s, Marxism, increasingly from the Second World War, and anarchism, in the last few years before he died in 1980. Rybalka's threefold taxonomy is too neat, too clean and, however appealing, it is an over simplification. The adult Sartre was always an existentialist, a practitioner ofthat style of philosophising which addresses the fundamental problems of human existence: death, anxiety, political, religious and sexual commitment, freedom and responsibility, the meaning of existence itself. It follows that Sartre remained an existentialist during his long Marxist phase and during his final overtly anarchist phase. Sartre's existentialism was never a pure existentialism. One of his outstanding philosophical syntheses is the fusing of existentialism with phenomenology. The Moravian, German-speaking philosopher Edmund Hu sserl (1859-1938) and his Austrian teacher, the psychologist and phi losopher Franz Brentano (1838-1917), are the founders of phenomen- ology. Phenomenology is the attempt to explain the possibility of all knowledge, including philosophy, by describing the content and structure of consciousness. It was Husserl's hope that this partly Cartesian and partly i<antian project would place all knowledge on indubitable and incorrigible foundations. Husserlian phenomenology is Cartesian because

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