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Javascript & Ajax for dummies PDF

434 Pages·2010·9.49 MB·English
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spine=.864” Programming Languages/JavaScript Making Everything Easier!™ Learn to use these powerful tools together and build Web sites that work J Open the book and find: Iyfo yuoru s iwtea’sn vt itsoit boursi,l dJa WvaeSbc rpipagt eans dth AaJtA oXff earr ere taolp v taoluoels t foo r (cid:127) How to choose a test browser ava J a va S c ri p t ® & A JA X the job. Even if you’re new to Web programming, this book (cid:127) How to discuss string concatenation with a straight face S helps you create sites any designer will admire. With easy- c to-understand steps and an emphasis on free tools, you’ll (cid:127) T ips for debugging your code r be able to jump right into building a site using the same (cid:127) How to add useful information to a i techniques as the pros. dropdown list p (cid:127) Down to basics — learn your way around JavaScript and choose (cid:127) W hy AJAX connections should be t an editor and test browser asynchronous ® & (cid:127) Manage complexity — use functions, arrays, and objects to (cid:127) The exciting possibilities of the create more sophisticated programs jQuery library A (cid:127) Page magic — discover how to control what happens on your (cid:127) How to use the Aptana editor pages, animate objects, and put pages in motion J (cid:127) Online resources for JavaScript (cid:127) Get beautiful — Use the jQuery User Interface library to add A programmers sliders, tabbed interfaces, and custom dialogs to a site X (cid:127) Come clean with AJAX — build AJAX requests into your programs, use jQuery, and work with AJAX data Learn to: (cid:127) Master basic JavaScript as a Web design Visit the companion Web site at www.dummies.com/go/ and application development tool Go to Dummies.com javascriptandajaxfd to find two additional chapters and all ® the programming code used in the book for videos, step-by-step examples, (cid:127) Write your own programs how-to articles, or to shop! (cid:127) Use JavaScript with AJAX, XML, and JSON (cid:127) Design an interface, animate images, program menus, and manage cookies $29.99 US / $35.99 CN / £21.99 UK Andy Harris is a lecturer in computer science at Indiana University/ ISBN 978-0-470-41799-7 Purdue University at Indianapolis. He was instrumental in developing the university’s certificate program in applied computer science and has Andy Harris taught courses in Web development as well as several programming Author of HTML, XHTML, and CSS languages. Harris All-in-One For Dummies JavaScript® & AJAX FOR DUMmIES ‰ by Andy Harris 0011__441177999977--ffffiirrss..iinndddd ii 1100//2266//0099 99::5533 PPMM JavaScript® & AJAX For Dummies® Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 111 River Street Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2010 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permit- ted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permission Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http:// www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for the Rest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies Daily, The Fun and Easy Way, Dummies.com, Making Everything Easier, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/ or its affi liates in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. JavaScript is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND THE AUTHOR MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITH- OUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO WARRANTY MAY BE CREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES OR PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS. THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY SITUATION. THIS WORK IS SOLD WITH THE UNDERSTANDING THAT THE PUBLISHER IS NOT ENGAGED IN RENDERING LEGAL, ACCOUNTING, OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. IF PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE IS REQUIRED, THE SERVICES OF A COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL PERSON SHOULD BE SOUGHT. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THE AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES ARISING HEREFROM. THE FACT THAT AN ORGANIZA- TION OR WEBSITE IS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK AS A CITATION AND/OR A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FURTHER INFORMATION DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE AUTHOR OR THE PUBLISHER ENDORSES THE INFORMATION THE ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE MAY PROVIDE OR RECOMMENDATIONS IT MAY MAKE. FURTHER, READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT INTERNET WEBSITES LISTED IN THIS WORK MAY HAVE CHANGED OR DISAPPEARED BETWEEN WHEN THIS WORK WAS WRITTEN AND WHEN IT IS READ. For general information on our other products and services, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002. For technical support, please visit www.wiley.com/techsupport. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Library of Congress Control Number: 2009939782 ISBN: 978-0-470-41799-7 Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 http://avaxhome.ws/blogs/igor_lv 0011__441177999977--ffffiirrss..iinndddd iiii 1100//2266//0099 99::5533 PPMM About the Author Andy Harris began his teaching life as a special education teacher. As he was teaching young adults with severe disabilities, he taught himself enough com- puter programming to support his teaching habit with freelance programming. Those were the exciting days when computers started to have hard drives, and some computers began communicating with each other over an arcane mechanism some were calling the Internet. All this time Andy was teaching computer science part time. He joined the faculty of the Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Computer Science department in 1995. He serves as a Senior Lecturer, teaching the introductory course to freshmen as well as numerous courses on Web development, general programming, and game programming. As manager of the Streaming Media Laboratory, he developed a number of online video- based courses, and worked on a number of international distance education projects including helping to start a computer science program in Tetevo, Macedonia FYR. Andy is the author of several other computing books including HTML, XHTML, and CSS All-in-One Desktop Reference For Dummies, Flash Game Programming For Dummies, and Game Programming: the L Line. He invites your comments and questions at [email protected], You can visit his main site and fi nd a blog, forum, and links to other books at http:// www.aharrisbooks.net. 0011__441177999977--ffffiirrss..iinndddd iiiiii 1100//2266//0099 99::5533 PPMM Dedication I dedicate this book to Jesus Christ, my personal savior, and to Heather, the joy in my life. I also dedicate this project to Elizabeth, Matthew, Jacob, and Benjamin. I love each of you. Author’s Acknowledgments Thank you fi rst to Heather. Even though I type all the words, this book is a real partnership, like the rest of our life. Thanks for being my best friend and companion. Thanks also for doing all the work it takes for us to sustain a family when I’m in writing mode. Thank you to Mark Enochs. It’s great to have an editor who gets me, and who’s willing to get excited about a project. I really enjoy working with you. Thanks a lot to Steve Hayes. It’s been a lot of fun to dream up this idea with you, and to see it evolve from something a little messy to a project we can all be proud of. I’m looking forward to working with you more. Thank you to the copy editors: Barry Childs-Helton, Virginia Sanders, and Rebecca Whitney. I appreciate your efforts to make my geeky mush turn into something readable. Thanks for improving my writing. A special thanks to Jeff Noble for his technical editing. I appreciate your vigi- lance. You have helped to make this book as technically accurate as possible. Thank you to the many people at Wiley who contribute to a project like this. The author only gets to meet a few people, but so many more are involved in the process. Thank you very much for all you’ve done to help make this proj- ect a reality. A big thank you to the open source community which has created so many incredible tools and made them available to all. I’d especially like to thank the creators of Firefox, Firebug, Aptana, HTML Validator, the Web Developer toolbar, Notepad++, PHP, Apache, jQuery, and the various jQuery plugins. This is an amazing and generous community effort. I’d fi nally like to thank the IUPUI computer science family for years of support on various projects. Thank you especially to all my students, current and past. I’ve learned far more from you than the small amount I’ve taught. Thank you for letting me be a part of your education. 0011__441177999977--ffffiirrss..iinndddd iivv 1100//2266//0099 99::5533 PPMM Publisher’s Acknowledgments We’re proud of this book; please send us your comments through our online registration form located at http://dummies.custhelp.com. For other comments, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002. Some of the people who helped bring this book to market include the following: Acquisitions, Editorial, and Composition Services Media Development Project Coordinator: Kristie Rees Senior Project Editor: Mark Enochs Layout and Graphics: Carl Byers, Executive Editor: Steve Hayes Melissa K. Jester, Christine Williams Copy Editors: Barry Childs-Helton, Proofreaders: John Greenough, Virginia Sanders, Rebecca Whitney Content Editorial Services Technical Editor: Jeff Noble Indexer: Sharon Shock Editorial Manager: Leah Cameron Media Development Project Manager: Laura Moss-Hollister Media Development Assistant Project Manager: Jenny Swisher Media Development Assistant Producers: Josh Frank, Shawn Patrick Editorial Assistant: Amanda Graham Sr. Editorial Assistant: Cherie Case Cartoons: Rich Tennant (www.the5thwave.com) Publishing and Editorial for Technology Dummies Richard Swadley, Vice President and Executive Group Publisher Andy Cummings, Vice President and Publisher Mary Bednarek, Executive Acquisitions Director Mary C. Corder, Editorial Director Publishing for Consumer Dummies Diane Graves Steele, Vice President and Publisher Composition Services Debbie Stailey, Director of Composition Services http://avaxhome.ws/blogs/igor_lv 0011__441177999977--ffffiirrss..iinndddd vv 1100//2266//0099 99::5533 PPMM Contents at a Glance Introduction ................................................................ 1 Part I: Programming with JavaScript ............................. 7 Chapter 1: Taking the Web to the Next Level.................................................................9 Chapter 2: Writing Your First Program .........................................................................31 Chapter 3: Changing Program Behavior with Conditions ...........................................55 Chapter 4: Loops and Debugging ...................................................................................71 Chapter 5: Functions, Arrays, and Objects ...................................................................97 Part II: Using JavaScript to Enhance Your Pages ........ 129 Chapter 6: Talking to the Page .....................................................................................131 Chapter 7: Getting Valid Input ......................................................................................157 Chapter 8: Moving and Grooving .................................................................................181 Part III: Moving Up to AJAX ..................................... 221 Chapter 9: AJAX Essentials ...........................................................................................223 Chapter 10: Improving JavaScript and AJAX with jQuery ........................................239 Chapter 11: Animating jQuery ......................................................................................265 Chapter 12: Using the jQuery User Interface Toolkit ................................................293 Chapter 13: Improving Usability with jQuery ............................................................317 Chapter 14: Working with AJAX Data ..........................................................................339 Part IV: The Part of Tens .......................................... 367 Chapter 15: Ten Amazing jQuery Plugins ...................................................................369 Chapter 16: Ten Great Resources ................................................................................397 Index ...................................................................... 401 0022__441177999977--ffttoocc..iinndddd vvii 1100//2266//0099 99::5544 PPMM Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................. 1 What You Will Need ........................................................................................2 How This Book Is Organized ..........................................................................3 Part I: Programming with JavaScript ...................................................3 Part II: Using JavaScript to Enhance Your Pages ...............................3 Part III: Moving Up to AJAX ..................................................................4 Part IV: The Part of Tens .......................................................................4 It’s Even on the Internet! .................................................................................4 Icons Used in This Book .................................................................................5 Where to Go from Here ...................................................................................5 A Final Word .....................................................................................................6 Part I: Programming with JavaScript ............................. 7 Chapter 1: Taking the Web to the Next Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Building Something Cool ................................................................................9 Getting Started ...............................................................................................14 Overview of the Core Technologies ..................................................14 Choosing your computer ....................................................................15 Picking an Editor ............................................................................................16 Avoiding the problem tools ................................................................16 Using a WYSIWYG editor ....................................................................17 Introducing programmer’s editors ....................................................18 Getting familiar with some important editors ..................................19 Introducing Aptana ..............................................................................23 Creating Your Browser Collection ...............................................................24 Setting the standard ............................................................................24 Picking a browser or two ....................................................................25 Turning Firefox into a Development Machine ...........................................26 Web Developer Toolbar .....................................................................27 HTML Validator extension ..................................................................27 Firebug ..................................................................................................28 Chapter 2: Writing Your First Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Becoming a Programmer ..............................................................................31 Choosing a JavaScript editor ..............................................................32 Picking your test browser ...................................................................33 Adding a script to your page ..............................................................34 0022__441177999977--ffttoocc..iinndddd vviiii 1100//2266//0099 99::5544 PPMM viii JavaScript & AJAX For Dummies Embedding your JavaScript code ......................................................35 Creating comments ..............................................................................36 Using the alert() method for output ..................................................36 Adding the semicolon..........................................................................37 Introducing Variables ....................................................................................37 Creating a variable for data storage ..................................................38 Asking the user for information .........................................................39 Responding to the user .......................................................................39 Using Concatenation to Build Better Greetings .........................................40 Comparing literals and variables .......................................................41 Including spaces in concatenated phrases ......................................41 Understanding the string Object .................................................................42 Introducing object-oriented programming (and cows) ..................42 Investigating the length of a string ....................................................43 Using string methods to manipulate text .........................................44 Understanding Variable Types ....................................................................47 Adding numbers ...................................................................................47 Adding the user’s numbers ................................................................48 The trouble with dynamic data ..........................................................49 The pesky plus sign .............................................................................50 Changing Variables to the Desired Type ....................................................51 Using variable conversion tools ........................................................51 Fixing the addInput code ....................................................................52 Chapter 3: Changing Program Behavior with Conditions. . . . . . . . . . .55 Working with Random Numbers .................................................................55 Creating a die to die for.......................................................................56 Rolling the dice ....................................................................................56 Using if to Control Flow ................................................................................58 If and only if ..........................................................................................59 Using conditions ..................................................................................60 Comparison operators ........................................................................60 Do What I Say or Else ....................................................................................61 Using else-if for more complex interaction ......................................62 The mystery of the unnecessary else................................................64 It’s Time to Switch Your Thinking ...............................................................64 Creating an expression........................................................................65 Switching with style .............................................................................67 Nesting if Statements ....................................................................................67 Building the nested conditions ..........................................................69 Making sense of nested ifs ..................................................................69 Chapter 4: Loops and Debugging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 Building Counting Loops with for ................................................................71 Building a standard for loop ...............................................................72 Making a backwards loop ...................................................................73 Counting fi ve at a time ........................................................................74 0022__441177999977--ffttoocc..iinndddd vviiiiii 1100//2266//0099 99::5544 PPMM ix Table of Contents Looping for a while ........................................................................................75 Creating a basic while loop ................................................................75 Avoiding loop mistakes .......................................................................77 Introducing Some Bad Loops .......................................................................77 Managing the reluctant loop ..............................................................77 Managing the compulsive loop ..........................................................78 Debugging Your Code ...................................................................................79 Letting Aptana help .............................................................................79 Debugging JavaScript on IE ................................................................81 Finding errors in Firefox .....................................................................82 Catching syntax errors with Firebug .................................................82 Catching Logic Errors ...................................................................................84 Logging to the console with Firebug .................................................84 Looking at console output ..................................................................86 Using an Interactive Debugger .....................................................................86 Adding a breakpoint ............................................................................88 Running the debugger .........................................................................88 Using the Debug perspective .............................................................89 Examining Debug mode with a paused program .............................91 Walking through your program .........................................................92 Viewing expression data .....................................................................93 Using the Firebug debugger................................................................94 Chapter 5: Functions, Arrays, and Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97 Breaking Code into Functions ......................................................................97 Inviting ants to the picnic ...................................................................98 Thinking about song (and program) structure ................................98 Building the antsFunction.html program..........................................99 Passing Data into and out of Functions ....................................................100 Examining the main code ..................................................................102 Looking at the chorus line ................................................................102 Handling the verses ...........................................................................103 Managing Scope ...........................................................................................105 Introducing local and global variables ............................................106 Examining variable scope .................................................................106 Building a Basic Array .................................................................................109 Storing a list of data in an array .......................................................109 Accessing array data .........................................................................110 Using arrays with for loops ..............................................................111 Visiting the ants one more time .......................................................112 Working with Two-Dimensional Arrays ....................................................114 Setting up the arrays .........................................................................115 Getting a city ......................................................................................116 Creating a main() function ................................................................117 0022__441177999977--ffttoocc..iinndddd iixx 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Introduction. Part I: Programming with JavaScript. Chapter 1: Taking the Web to the Next Level. Chapter 2: Writing Your First Program. Chapter 3: Changing Program Behavior with Conditions. Chapter 4: Loops and Debugging. Chapter 5: Functions, Arrays, and Objects. Part II: Using JavaScript to Enhance
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Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.