Japanese Grammar - A Workbook for Self-Study (Properly Bookmarked)

211 Pages·2021·6.32 MB·English

by  Masahiro Tanimori

Japanese
Grammar
Essential Sentence Patterns
for everyday Communication
A WORKBOOK FOR SELF-STUDY
MASAHIRO TANIMORI
TUTTLE Publishing
Tokyo Rutland, Vermont Singapore
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Books to Span the East and West
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Published by Tuttle Publishing, an imprint of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd.
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Copyright © 2020 by Masahiro Tanimori
License for illustrations from JustSystems Corporation using clip art from Ichitaro and Hanako software.
Photographs pages 12, 32, 54, 82, 110, 134, 146, 160 Shutterstock.
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ISBN 978-4-8053-1568-2; ISBN 978-1-4629-2196-6 (ebook)
First edition, 2020
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction What’s In This Book? 08
Who is this book for? 08
How is this book organized? 08
How can this book be used? 09
Audio recordings and extra online materials 09
Glossary of Grammatical Terms 10
PRELIMINARY REVIEW I Walked Around Kyoto Wearing a Kimono 13
Reviewing the Form of the Verb 13
(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:623)(cid:623)
Key Sentence Patterns 13
Formation of the Form of the Verb 14
(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:623)(cid:623)
Grammar and Usage Notes 14
1. How to make the form of the verb 14
(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:623)(cid:623)
2. Uses of the form of the verb 15
(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:623)(cid:623)
3. Using to express seeing how something goes 17
(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:623)(cid:623) (cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:639)(cid:639)
4. Using to express keeping or putting and end to something 18
(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:623)(cid:623) (cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:626)(cid:626)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:639)(cid:639)
Reading Practice: Kenji’s Day 20
CHAPTER 1 This Is the Mobile Game I Often Play 21
Using Verbs to Modify Nouns 21
Key Sentence Patterns 21
Formation of the Modifi ed Noun Phrase 22
Grammar and Usage Notes 22
1.1 Verb conjugations 22
1.2 Using the dictionary form to modify a noun 23
1.3 Other verb and adjective forms used to modify nouns 25
1.4 Example verb forms used in modifi ed sentences 25
1.5 Example adjective and adjectival noun forms used in modifi ed
sentences 28
Conversation Practice: Beer Brands 29
Reading Practice: Cheap Tickets 30
CHAPTER 2 I Can Write About 100 Kanji 33
Using the Potential Form of the Verb 33
Key Sentence Patterns 33
Formation of the Potential Form 34
Grammar and Usage Notes 34
2.1 The potential form using 34
(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:639)(cid:639)
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2.2 The potential idiom 35
(cid:629)(cid:629)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:625)(cid:625)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:622)(cid:622)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:629)(cid:629)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:639)(cid:639)
2.3 The potential verbs and 37
(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:639)(cid:639) (cid:629)(cid:629)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:629)(cid:629)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:639)(cid:639)
2.4 The potential verbs , and
(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:639)(cid:639) (cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:629)(cid:629)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:625)(cid:625)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:639)(cid:639)
39
(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:641)(cid:641)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:639)(cid:639)
Conversation Practice: A Hot-spring Bath 39
Reading Practice: Kanji and Onomatopoeia 41
CHAPTER 3 Please Don’t Use Your Smartphone While Walking 43
Doing Two Things At Once 43
Key Sentence Patterns 43
Formation of the Form of the Verb 44
(cid:16)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:625)(cid:625)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:619)(cid:619)
Grammar and Usage Notes 44
3.1 Using the form of the verb 44
(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:625)(cid:625)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:619)(cid:619)
3.2 The form and the form 45
(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:625)(cid:625)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:623)(cid:623)
3.3 Using the and forms of the verb 46
(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:622)(cid:622)(cid:623)(cid:623) (cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:644)(cid:644)(cid:639)(cid:639)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:3)
3.4 Expressing limitation using and 48
(cid:622)(cid:622)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:629)(cid:629)(cid:623)(cid:623) (cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:626)(cid:626)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:629)(cid:629)(cid:619)(cid:619)
3.5 More uses of and 49
(cid:622)(cid:622)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:629)(cid:629)(cid:623)(cid:623) (cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:626)(cid:626)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:629)(cid:629)(cid:619)(cid:619)
Conversation Practice: Smartphone Use While Walking 51
Reading Practice: People Who Do Two Things at the Same Time 52
CHAPTER 4 It’s Cheap, Delicious and Quick, So Let’s Have
a Beef Rice Bowl 55
Expressing Consequence and Giving Reason 55
Key Sentence Patterns 55
Formation of Sentences Expressing Consequence 56
Grammar and Usage Notes 56
4.1 Using to express “though” 56
(cid:625)(cid:625)(cid:619)(cid:619)
4.2 Using to express “and” 58
(cid:625)(cid:625)(cid:619)(cid:619)
4.3 Using to express “though” 58
(cid:629)(cid:629)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:622)(cid:622)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:633)(cid:633)
4.4 Using to express “though” 59
(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:3)
4.5 Using to give a list of reasons 60
(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:626)(cid:626)(cid:627)(cid:627)
4.6 Using to express “even if” 61
(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:18)(cid:18)(cid:622)(cid:622)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:633)(cid:633)
Conversation Practice: We Take Out the Garbage in the Morning 63
Reading Practice: Separating the Garbage 65
CHAPTER 5 I Have a Headache Because I Couldn’t Sleep Last Night 67
Cause and Effect 67
Key Sentence Patterns 67
Formation of Cause and Effect Sentences 68
Grammar and Usage Notes 68
5.1 Giving a reason using 68
(cid:629)(cid:629)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:18)(cid:18)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:622)(cid:622)(cid:623)(cid:623)
5.2 Giving a reason using 69
(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:664)(cid:664)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:665)(cid:665)
44 TABLE OF CONTENTS
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5.3 Giving a reason using 70
(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:622)(cid:622)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)
5.4 with nouns and adjectival nouns 71
(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:622)(cid:622)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)
5.5 Giving a reason using 72
(cid:629)(cid:629)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:622)(cid:622)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:18)(cid:18)(cid:629)(cid:629)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:622)(cid:622)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)
5.6 Emphasizing a reason using 72
(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:644)(cid:644)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:629)(cid:629)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:639)(cid:639)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:633)(cid:633)
5.7 Emphasizing a reason using 74
(cid:628)(cid:628)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:641)(cid:641)(cid:619)(cid:619)
5.8 Giving a reason for going using verb 75
(cid:14)(cid:14)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:629)(cid:629)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)
5.9 Expressing doing something to excess using 76
(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)(cid:625)(cid:625)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:639)(cid:639)
5.10 Expressing consequence using 77
(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)(cid:625)(cid:625)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:623)(cid:623)
5.11 Expressing “too (diffi cult) to (do)” using 78
(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:641)(cid:641)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)(cid:625)(cid:625)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)
5.12 Using to express doing something too much 78
(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)(cid:625)(cid:625)(cid:627)(cid:627)
Conversation Practice: I'd Like to Work Part-time 79
Reading Practice: Japanese Festivals 80
CHAPTER 6 I Think I’ll Go to Itsukushima Shrine Next Time 83
Expressing Intentions and Plans and Giving Advice 83
Key Sentence Patterns 83
Formation of the Volitional Form 84
Grammar and Usage Notes 84
6.1 Expressing “let’s” using 84
(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:18)(cid:18)(cid:643)(cid:643)(cid:711)(cid:711)
6.2 Expressing one’s thoughts using 85
(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)(cid:18)(cid:18)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)
6.3 Expressing one’s will using 85
(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:711)(cid:711)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)(cid:18)(cid:18)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)
6.4 Expressing fi rm intention using (cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:627)(cid:627) and (cid:643)(cid:643)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:627)(cid:627) 86
6.5 Giving friendly advice using 88
(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:626)(cid:626)(cid:711)(cid:711)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:625)(cid:625)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:708)(cid:708)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:622)(cid:622)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)
6.6 Expressing how to do something using 89
(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:629)(cid:629)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:619)(cid:619)
6.7 Expressing the method for doing something using 91
(cid:626)(cid:626)(cid:711)(cid:711)(cid:626)(cid:626)(cid:711)(cid:711)
Conversation Practice: Splitting the Bill 92
Reading Practice: Japanese Table Manners 95
CHAPTER 7 I’ll Keep the Air Conditioner Set at 28°C 97
Keeping Things in the Same State 97
Key Sentence Patterns 97
Formation of Sentences Expressing a State 98
Grammar and Usage Notes 98
7.1 Expressing a state using 98
(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:629)(cid:629)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)
7.2 Expressing a temporary state using 99
(cid:664)(cid:664)(cid:625)(cid:625)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:665)(cid:665)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)
7.3 Expressing an ongoing state using 100
(cid:664)(cid:664)(cid:625)(cid:625)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:665)(cid:665)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)
7.4 Expressing creating a state using 102
(cid:664)(cid:664)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:665)(cid:665)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)
7.5 Describing an ongoing state using 102
(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:634)(cid:634)(cid:634)(cid:634)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:626)(cid:626)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:622)(cid:622)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)
7.6 Carelessly leaving something in a certain state using
102
(cid:664)(cid:664)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:665)(cid:665)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:634)(cid:634)(cid:634)(cid:634)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:626)(cid:626)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:626)(cid:626)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)
7.7 Describing a resulting state that stays the same using 104
(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:619)(cid:619)
Conversation Practice: The Rainy Season Has Come 106
Reading Practice: Various Eco-Activities 108
TTAABBLLEE OOFF CCOONNTTEENNTTSS 55
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CHAPTER 8 Looking at Traditional Japanese Things Is
Something I Like 111
Making Verbs into Noun Phrases 111
Key Sentence Patterns 111
Formation of Noun Phrases Using Verbs and Adjectives 112
Grammar and Usage Notes 112
8.1 Making noun phrases using and 112
(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:633)(cid:633) (cid:629)(cid:629)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:633)(cid:633)
8.2 Modifi ed noun phrases using and 114
(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:633)(cid:633) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:633)(cid:633)
8.3 Using to express a physical action 115
(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:3)(cid:3)
8.4 “Looking forward to” using 116
(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:18)(cid:18)(cid:629)(cid:629)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:626)(cid:626)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:626)(cid:626)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)
Conversation Practice: A “Kompa” Party 118
Reading Practice: A Japanese House 119
CHAPTER 9 Now I Can Understand “Manga” Japanese! 121
Resulting States 121
Key Sentence Patterns 121
Formation of Verb Phrases Expressing Resulting States 122
Grammar and Usage Notes 122
9.1 Expressing a resulting state using 122
(cid:643)(cid:643)(cid:711)(cid:711)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)
9.2 Expressing purpose using 123
(cid:643)(cid:643)(cid:711)(cid:711)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:627)(cid:627)
9.3 Expressing purpose using 124
(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:627)(cid:627)
9.4 “For the sake of/for the benefi t of/because of” using 126
(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:627)(cid:627)
9.5 Expressing a purpose using 126
(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:627)(cid:627)
9.6 Expressing the acquisition of a habit using 127
(cid:643)(cid:643)(cid:711)(cid:711)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)
9.7 Expressing trying to acquire a habit using 128
(cid:643)(cid:643)(cid:711)(cid:711)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:626)(cid:626)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)
9.8 Expressing habit or determination using 129
(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:629)(cid:629)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:626)(cid:626)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)
9.9 Expressing something that has been decided using
(cid:629)(cid:629)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:3)(cid:3)
130
(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:626)(cid:626)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:619)(cid:619)
Conversation Practice: Commonly Used Kanji Characters 130
Reading Practice: The Sounds of Onomatopoeia 132
CHAPTER 10 I Was Praised by the Neighbors for Helping with
the Cleaning 135
The Giving and Receiving of Actions 135
Key Sentence Patterns 135
Formation of the Passive Form 136
Grammar and Usage Notes 136
10.1 Creating the passive form of the verb 136
10.2 Sentence structures using the passive form of the verb 137
6 TABLE OF CONTENTS
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10.3 Using verbs of giving and receiving 139
10.4 Expressing giving and receiving help 140
10.5 Polite forms of giving and receiving 141
Conversation Practice: Gestures 143
Reading Practice: Intercultural Understanding 144
CHAPTER 11: The E-mail Address Must Be Wrong 147
Degrees of Diffi culty and Expressions of Probability 147
Key Sentence Patterns 147
Formation of Expressions of Probability 148
Grammar and Usage Notes 148
11.1 Indicating something is easy using 148
(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:643)(cid:643)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:622)(cid:622)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)
11.2 Indicating something is diffi cult using 149
(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:629)(cid:629)(cid:639)(cid:639)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:622)(cid:622)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)
11.3 Indicating possibility using 150
(cid:629)(cid:629)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:626)(cid:626)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:632)(cid:632)
11.4 Expressing probability using 152
(cid:626)(cid:626)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:644)(cid:644)(cid:639)(cid:639)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:622)(cid:622)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)
11.5 Expressing “must” or “must have” using 153
(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:621)(cid:621)(cid:626)(cid:626)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:625)(cid:625)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:622)(cid:622)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)
11.6 Asking for agreement or opinion using 154
(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:628)(cid:628)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:671)(cid:671)
Conversation Practice: It’s Nice, Isn’t It? 157
Reading Practice: Ambiguous Language 158
CHAPTER 12: I Hear There Was an Intensity 6 Earthquake 161
Hearsay, Conjecture and Observation 161
Key Sentence Patterns 161
Formation of Expressions of Hearsay, Conjecture and Observation 162
Grammar and Usage Notes 163
12.1 Expressing hearsay using 163
(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:711)(cid:711)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:622)(cid:622)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:20)(cid:18)(cid:18)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:626)(cid:626)(cid:708)(cid:708)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:622)(cid:622)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)
12.2 Expressing a guess using 164
(cid:643)(cid:643)(cid:711)(cid:711)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:622)(cid:622)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)(cid:18)(cid:18)(cid:631)(cid:631)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:622)(cid:622)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)
12.3 Expressing what is about to happen using 165
(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:711)(cid:711)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:622)(cid:622)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:21)
12.4 Using after and 167
(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:711)(cid:711)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:622)(cid:622)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:21) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:627)(cid:627) (cid:708)
12.5 “So … that … (could)” using (cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:638)(cid:638)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:3)(cid:3)… (cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:711)(cid:711)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:622)(cid:622)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:20) 167
12.6 Guessing something is about to change using 168
(cid:632)(cid:632)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:627)(cid:627)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:711)(cid:711)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:622)(cid:622)(cid:623)(cid:623)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:639)(cid:639)
12.7 Other uses of 168
(cid:636)(cid:636)(cid:619)(cid:619)(cid:637)(cid:637)(cid:626)(cid:626)(cid:708)(cid:708)
12.8 The casual auxiliary 169
(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:634)(cid:634)(cid:634)(cid:634)(cid:633)(cid:633)(cid:627)(cid:627)
Conversation Practice: Japanese Gods 170
Reading Practice: The Decrease in the Birth Rate 171
Japanese–English Glossary 173
English–Japanese Glossary 186
Answer Key 200
TABLE OF CONTENTS 7
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What’s In This Book?
This book contains lessons that will show you how to use key everyday sentence structures and
their variations that you need to know in order to be able to communicate easily in Japanese.
Who is this book for?
This book is for students who have already mastered the basics of Japanese at elementary level.
You will already know how to conjugate the basic verb tenses using polite forms. You will
already know how to construct simple sentences with the correct use of particles. You will have
a few-hundred vocabulary words under your belt. Perhaps you’ve already passed levels N5 and
N4 of the Japanese Language Profi ciency Test. Or perhaps you just want to improve, revise or
perfect your grammar and communication skills.
Whatever your situation, if you are ready to take your language skills to the next level —
whether you are studying for level N3 of the Japanese Language Profi ciency Test, or simply
want to achieve a higher level of fl uency in your everyday conversation and writing — this
book is for you.
You will see that all model sentences, practice exercises, conversation practice and reading
passages are given in Japanese script (using hiragana, katakana and kanji, with spaces between
words to aid comprehension), romanized Japanese (romaji) and English. If you are looking to
expand your understanding of kanji, this book can help. However, because all key language is
given in romaji, you can easily use this book even if you aren’t familiar with kanji.
The vocabulary and topics used throughout this book are designed to refl ect the trends,
culture and language use of contemporary Japanese society, making this an ideal book for
young adults or anyone interested in up-to-the minute language and the latest social issues.
How is this book organized?
Each chapter follows the following pattern:
(cid:129) Introduction. A brief outline of the chapter contents.
(cid:129) Key Sentence Patterns. A list of the sentence patterns covered in the chapter.
(cid:129) Formation. A chart showing the formation of the grammatical structures covered in the
chapter.
(cid:129) Grammar and Usage Notes. Clear explanations of key sentence patterns and their structures,
along with plentiful model sentences, so that each structure may be understood at a glance.
(cid:129) Exercises. Practice exercises to help you master the sentence patterns. These range from
translating sentences and constructing sentences from given prompts, to free-practice
exercises where you are encouraged to use your creativity to make your own sentences
using the target structures.
(cid:129) Conversation Practice. A conversation script of natural interaction between young people
that shows the chapter’s sentence patterns in action. You can practice alone, using the on-
line audio fi les that go with this book (see URL on the facing page), or in a classroom with
fellow students and a teacher.
(cid:129) Reading Practice. Each chapter ends with a reading comprehension passage on a socially or
culturally relevant topic, to reinforce and consolidate the grammar that has been introduced
and expand your vocabulary.
8
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In addition to the main chapters this book also contains:
(cid:129) Glossary of Grammatical Terms. This gives a clear explanation of all the grammatical terms
that are frequently used in this book.
(cid:129) Japanese-English and English-Japanese Glossaries. Alphabetized glossaries allow you to
check the meaning of key vocabulary used in the book at a glance.
(cid:129) Answer Key. Contains answers to all the exercises in the book.
(cid:129) Online Audio Files. Contains recordings by Japanese native speakers of all sentence patterns,
conversations and reading passages (see URL below).
(cid:129) Online Supplementary Materials. Online supplementary materials include a range of more
complex answers to the exercises in the book, if you want to challenge yourself further!
How can this book be used?
This book is suitable for self-study, with a comprehensive answer key and online audio fi les (see
URL below). It is also suitable for classroom use with a teacher. An “at-a-glance” table of
contents allows teachers to select the grammar points they wish to cover with their students.
The 12 main chapters of the book progress logically from simple structures to more complex
ones, so the self-study student is advised to work through the book in order, referring to the
online audio for pronunciation guidance, as well as to the answer key, the glossaries, and the
supplementary online materials.
All students are strongly advised to start with the Preliminary Review chapter on page 13 to
review key basic verb forms that are an essential foundation for the structures you will go on to
meet in the rest of the book.
This book contains numerous practice exercises in every chapter where you will have the
opportunity to practice writing sentences using the new grammar you have learned. You can
write the answers in romaji, or in kana and kanji, depending on your ability and interest. A
prior knowledge of how to write kana and kanji is not a requirement for this book. If you are
interested in learning how to write hiragana, katakana or kanji, you’ll fi nd a wide range of great
books at www.tuttlepublishing.com
I hope that through the activities in this book you can enjoy taking your Japanese language
skills to the next level while learning about contemporary Japanese culture and society.
Masahiro Tanimori
Konan University, Kobe
To Download or Stream Online Audio and Supplementary Materials
1. You must have an internet connection.
2. Type the URL below into your web browser.
http://www.tuttlepublishing.com/japanese-grammar-a-workbook-for-self-study
For support, you can email us at [email protected].
Introduction 9
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