James T. Anderson Craig A. Davis Editors Volume 1 Foundations

469 Pages·2013·11.17 MB·English

James T. Anderson
Craig A. Davis Editors
Wetland
Techniques
Volume 1
Foundations
Wetland Techniques

James T. Anderson (cid:129) Craig A. Davis
Editors
Wetland Techniques
Volume 1: Foundations
Editors
JamesT.Anderson CraigA.Davis
ForestryandNaturalResources DepartmentofNaturalResourceEcology
andEnvironmentalResearchCenter andManagement
WestVirginiaUniversity OklahomaStateUniversity
Morgantown,WV,USA Stillwater,OK,USA
ISBN978-94-007-6859-8 ISBN978-94-007-6860-4(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-94-007-6860-4
SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergNewYorkLondon
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013950172
©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaDordrecht2013
Chapters1,3,4:©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaDordrecht(outsidetheUSA)2013
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Preface
Wetlands are generically defined as lentic systems that take on characteristics of
bothterrestrialandaquaticsystemswherevegetationcapableofgrowinginshallow
water proliferates.However,there are manydefinitionsofwetlands inuse around
the world, including a number that have ecological and legal significance. Even
among these definitions, there are numerous subtle nuances that blur the lines
between wetlands and either terrestrial or aquatic systems. Despite the confusion
and oftentimes contradictory nature of wetland definitions, wetlands are increas-
ingly being recognized as critical ecosystems throughout the world. In particular,
weareseeinganincreasedawarenessaboutthevaluesandbenefitsderivedfromthe
world’swetlands.Asthisawarenesshasgrown,wehavealsoseenagreaterfocus
on efforts to better manage, conserve, and protect wetlands. Wetland-related
researchhasbeenandwillcontinuetobecriticallyimportantinprovidingguidance
toalltheeffortstobettermanage,conserve,andprotectwetlands.Infact,thereisa
plethoraofwetland-relatedliteratureavailabletowetlandscientists,regulators,and
managers, many of which can be found in at least two journals that are dedicated
exclusively to wetlands. However, for most wetland professionals, it may be a
dauntingtasktoaccessmuchofthisliterature.Additionally,wetlandprofessionals
have not had a book available that covers techniques associated with wetland
research,management,andregulation.
The lack of such a book has been a major void in the wetland field. In fact,
wetlandprofessionalshavediscussedforsometimetheneedforabookthatfocused
onwetlandresearchandmanagementtechniques.Webelievethedevelopmentofa
techniquesbookforaprofessionisasignthattheprofession, inthiscasewetland
science,ismaturing.Scientificprogressinafieldisoftenadvancedbythedevelop-
ment of a techniques book because almost all studies and management actions
boil down to choosing appropriate techniques, and a book focused on the topic
ofwetland techniqueswillprovide fledglingscientistsandmanagersasolidfoun-
dation for initiating research and management efforts. We have designed this
v
vi Preface
three volume set for students and professionals interested in wetlands ecology,
management, and creation. We are pleased to be a part of the development and
progression of our discipline through our involvement with the development of
WetlandTechniquesVolume1:Foundations,Volume2:Organisms,andVolume3:
ApplicationsandManagement.
WestVirginiaUniversity JamesT.Anderson
Morgantown,WV,USA
OklahomaStateUniversity CraigA.Davis
Stillwater,OK,USA
Acknowledgments
Wetland Techniques is our first attempt at a major book project and it was a
wonderful learning opportunity as well as an eye-opening experience in regards
toalltheeffortthatgoesintocreatingaseriesofbooksofthismagnitude.Wehave
new-found admiration for all those before us that have successfully tackled book
projectsforthebenefitofscience.
Wethankthechapterauthorsforprovidingfreelyoftheirtimeandexpertise.It
hasbeenapleasureworkingwiththeauthorsandwehavelearnedalotmoreabout
wetlandsbecauseofthem.Wethankallofthechapterrefereesforgivingtheirtime
and expertise to improve the quality of this three volume Wetland Techniques set
through constructive reviews that greatly improved the chapters. We especially
thankRachelHager,undergraduatestudentinWildlifeandFisheriesResourcesat
West VirginiaUniversity,for allofher helpinformattingandverifying literature
citationsandperformingnumerousothertaskstoimprovethebook.Wealsothank
Roseanne Kuzmic, research associate in the Natural Resource Ecology and Man-
agement Department at Oklahoma State University, for assistance with verifying
literaturecitations.
Thefollowingindividualslenttheirtimeandexpertisetoimprovingthesethree
volumesbyservingasexpertreviewersandcommentingononeormorechapters:
Andrew Burgess, Ann Anderson, John Brooks, Crissa Cooey, Diane DeSteven,
Adam Duerr, Walter G. Duffy, Andy Dzialowski, Gordon Goldsborough, Mark
Gregory, Kim Haag, Patricia Heglund, Wade Hurt, Paul Koenig, James
W. LaBaugh, Ted LaGrange, Richard L. Naff, Chris Noble, Aaron Pearse, James
Rentch, Wayne Rosing, Stephen Selego, Ken Sheehan, Lora Smith, Gabe Strain,
JeredStudinski,CharlesH.Theiling,WalterVeselka,SusanWalls,LisaWebb,and
NicolasZegre.
vii

Contents
1 StudyDesignandLogistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
DavidA.Haukos
2 WetlandBathymetryandMapping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
MarcLosHuertosandDouglasSmith
3 AssessingandMeasuringWetlandHydrology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
DonaldO.RosenberryandMasakiHayashi
4 HydricSoilIdentificationTechniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
LenoreM.VasilasandBruceL.Vasilas
5 SamplingandAnalyzingWetlandVegetation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
AmandaLittle
6 PhysicalandChemicalMonitoringofWetlandWater. . . . . . . . . . . 325
JosephR.Bidwell
7 WetlandBiogeochemistryTechniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
BruceL.Vasilas,MartinRabenhorst,JeffryFuhrmann,
AnastasiaChirnside,andShreeamInamdar
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
ix