IS 9452-1: Measurement of seepage losses from canals - Code of practice, Part 1: Ponding method

13 Pages·1993·1.3 MB·English

by  Bureau of Indian Standards

इंटरनेट मानक
Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information
Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.
“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न’ 5 तरफ”
Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru
“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”
IS 9452-1 (1993): Measurement of seepage losses from canals
- Code of practice, Part 1: Ponding method [WRD 13: Canals
and Cross Drainage Works]
“!ान $ एक न’ भारत का +नम-ण”
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
““IInnvveenntt aa NNeeww IInnddiiaa UUssiinngg KKnnoowwlleeddggee””
“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता हहहहै””ै”
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

IS 9452 ( Part 1 ) : 1993

MEASUREMENT OF SEEPAGE LOSSES FROM
CANALS - CODE OF PRACTICE
PART 1 PONDING METHOD
First Revision )
(
UDC 626’82 : 624’131.64 : 532’57 : 006’76

@ BIS 1993
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

September 1993 Price Grarar 3
noitagirrI slanaC dna lanaC sgniniL lanoitceS ,eettimmoC RVD 13
DROWEROF
sihT naidnI dradnatS ( tsriF noisiveR ) was adopted yb the uaeruB of nnidnI ,sdradnatS after
the draft dezilanif yb the noitagirrI slanaC dna lanaC sgniniL lanoitceS eettimmoC had neeb
devorppa yb the reviR yellaV noisiviD .licnuoC
noitagirrI tcejorp ,ngised noitarepo dna ,ecnanetniam dna lanac gninil research dna tnempoleved
eri;qer etarucca dna lacimonoce tnemerusaem of seeprge rates. ehT elbissop slifcneb morf
lanac gninil are gnivas ni water, noitanimile of ,gniggolretaw dna noitcuder ni ccnar.ctniam cost.
,ecneH correct tnemssessa of seepage sessol morf denilnu slanac dna dleif snoitavresbo arc the
tseb snaem ot ekam a citsilaer .t,rcmssessa
ehT ssol of water yb seepage morf denilnu slanac ni aidnI yllareneg ?eirav morf 0.3 ot
7’0 601/S/3m zm gnidneped no the ytilibaemrep of lios hguorht hcihw the lanac ,sess~:p noitacoi of
water ,selbat ecnatsid of ,eganiard deb ,htdiw edis epols dna water depth edisni c:lt lanac 111
,noitidda fow .yticclev lios dna water ,erutarepmet cirehpsomta erusserp dna noitacifitarts f;c the
gniylrednu lios osla affect the seepage rate.
ehT seepage sessol morf denilnu slanac nac eb detaluclac yb lacitylana sdohtem or denim-:ztcd yb
tcerid .tnemerusaem ehT lacitylana snoitaluclac of seepage sessol desab no tncicilfcoc cil~.:rd~~h’fo
ytlvitcuduoc of lios dna the yradnuob snoitidnoc of the wolf ,metsys are of rniucitrap eulav for
the slanac hcihw are ni eht gninnalp stzgc. ehT sdohtem of tcerid tuc;ne-lusaem cg~,pezs’fc are
elbacilppa ot the gnitsixe .slanac
yltnerrcC accepted sdchtcur for tcerid tnemerusaem of cFapees sessol nro>f ;Trit5cixc sIr;nl:c e“:
,gcidncp wolftuyc-wolfni dna seepage retem .sdoh!cm nI ,)loitiddda there are : .p AIC Sl.+)i;Il‘~~n
IICUS bn tracer ,cuqinhcct lacirtcele ~.nin,~ol cr ytivitsiser ,tncmcrusacnr cirtinr>!zcip I::.: ic\ J, .: ~I::,I;
etomer .gnisnes ehT g-riicnop dna wolftuo-wolfni sdohtem arc elbacilppa ;rt.~lJra,~er TU it;ni:c (3.1
lios .snoiridnoc ehT egnpccs retem tonnac eb desu where the lanac ~a;l a y;!ccr mottcb I:( YV~:CII
deew growth. ehT tracer euqinllcet si tseb dcllus ot slanac ni sul<:?::Eolnoh dna ci)lo;tosi
.snoitamrof

This dradnats has neeb de-!aperp ni three parts, Part 1 gnilaed htiw the gni?.cnop .lto:!tcnr t.11.P 2
gnilaed htiw wolfluo-wolfni sdoht em dna Part 3 trilaed g htiw the seepage retem .dohtem sihT
dra’cnats ( tlaP I 1 suv dcksilbup ni the rncy 1980. ehT noisiver sa-I neeb onod so ot .,l~;dpu ;iti
sinctnoc desab no rc:lt:uf seiduts detcudnoc ni .P.U noitagirrI hcri:eseR ,ct;ititsnI .ce~rooR :ih-l‘
lapicnirp snoitacifidom sda:n are ni respect ot (a, noircclcS of etis dna lltgncI of ,dnop )b( c,&u
of LDPE ,smlif (c) gnivig lanoitidda sliated ni the erudecorp htiw .serugif
IS 9452 ( Part 1 ) : 1993
Indian Standard
MEASUREMENT OF SEEP,4GE LOSSES FROM
CANALS - CODE OF PRACTICE
PART 1 PONDING METHOD
First Revision )
(
1 EPOCS 4 NOITCELES OF TEST SITE
sihT dradnatS slaed htiw tnemerusaem of 4.1 lareveS factors nrevog the noitceles of a
seepage sessol ni nepo slanac yb gnidnop test .etis ehT etis detceles for tnemerusaem of
.dohtem seepage yb gnidnop dohtem dluohs ylpmoc htiw
the g:!iwollof :stnemeriuqer
2 REFERENCES
a) A devruc hcaer fo eht lanac dluohs eb
ehT naidnI sdradnatS detsil woleb are yrassecen ;dediova
stcnujda ot siht :dradnats
)b ehT hcaer dluohs eb os detceles that eht
SI No. Title erutan fo eht lairetam ni eht lanac deb
43&O : 1967 noitacificepS for lacitrev staff has small noitairav nihtiw eht dednop
seguag ;hcaer
6939 : 1992 Methods of noitanimreted of )c ehT dednop hcaer dluohs eb os detceles
noitaropave morf sriovreser
os as ot diova ,wolfni wolftuo and
tsrif( revision ) serutcurts hcihw era a ecruos of egakael
as ti yam eb tluciffid ot etaulave the rate
3 POIWING METHOD of ssol hguorht ;meht
3.1 roF gninimreted seepage sessol yb gnidnop d) ehT test reach dluohs evah na approach
,dohtem a reach of the lennahc si detalosi yb road dna ecivres road gnola ti so that
gnitcurtsnoc yraropmet sdnub or yb klub heads yrassecen tnempiuqe nac eb ;detropsnart
no gnitsixe lortnoc .serutcurts
e) nehW the dnop si ot eb demrof htiw
nehtrae ,sdnub ytilibaliava of slairetam
3.2 ehT dohtem nac eb deyolpme neve no egral
for the dnub yam eb na tnatropmi factor
slanac gnidneped nopu the ytilibaliava of the
ni gnitceles the ;etis
lairetam dna tnempiuqe for the noitcurtsnoc of
sdnub dna water for gnillif the .dnop ehT
f) etiS dluohs eb free morf yvaeh gniruocs or
dohtem si e!bacilppa ot lanac htiw egrahcsid
yticapac of tuoba 15 ) .scemuc ehT egapees ;gnitlis
sessol morf eht dednop hcaer era detupmoc
g) ehT reach detceles dluohs ylbareferp eb
morf eht etar fo ssol fo retaw morf eht dnop
maertsnwod of a .rotaluger sihT- dluohs
( retfa tnemtsujda of noitaropave )sessol dna
etatilicaf the gnillif of test reach yb
the snoisnemid of wetted area of the .dnop ehT
ytivarg wolf after noitcurtsnoc of dnub no
rate of the ssol of water morf the pond si the maertsnwod ;dne dna
deniatbo yb gnirusaem the rate of drop of the
water level edisni the .dnop A noitacifidom of h) htgneL of the dnop dluohs eb egral
the dohtem stsisnoc of gnidda water ot the dnop hguone so that the area of the dne sdn!ib
ot niatniam a tnatsnoc water ecafrus .noitavele si a llams cgatnecrcp of the latot wetted
ehT seepage sessol ni siht case are detupmoc area. ehT htgnel of the dnop dluohs
morf the emulov of water added ot the dnop dneped nopu the deb ,htdiw water depth
dna the wetted retemirep of the .dnop of lanac dna ytilibaliava of elbatius .etis
Based no these selbairav dna lacitcarp
ehT snoitavresbo nac eb edam htiw elbanosaer snoitaredisnoc the htgnel of dnop dl~~ohs
ycarucca htiw siht dohtem and as hcus the eb detamixorppa as detseggus :woleb
tluser yam eb nekat as a good noitacidni
of the egareva ssol morf the seepage of Bed Width/Depth Suggested Length of Porld
the .lanac ehT stnemerusaem deniatbo htiw of Water BID in Metres
ti are yllareneg desu as the dradnats of -moc
nosirap for seepage stnemerusaem deniatbo up ot 5 40 semit of ( D/B ) oitar
.esiwrehto sihT dohtem si ylralucitrap lufesu 5 ot 20 35 semit of ( D/B ) oitar
ni gnirusaem llams seepage .sessol tI nac eb
deilppa ot rellams reaches of a .lanac gnideecxE 20 30 semit of ( D/B > oitar
1
IS 9452 ( Part 1 ) : 1993
5 CONSTRUCTING THE PONDED SECTION ot attain elbanosaer .noitcapmoc ehT bund
dluohs eb edam suoivrepmi yb gniyal wol
5.1 eerhT sdohtem ro snoitanibmoc foereht ytisned enelyhteylop ( EPDL ) .mlif ehT
yam eb desu ot etaerc eht dednop ;noitces hcihw ssenkciht fo EPDL mlif dluohs dneped no eht
fo eseht is desu sdneped yliramirp no eht ezis fo laitini dednop retaw htped as nevig :woleb
eht .lanac
Water Depth to be Thickness of Water
5.1.1 ehT tsrif dohtem sesirpmoc noitcurtsnoc fo Ponded LDPE Film Front
yraropmet reirrab ro bunds tliub fo savnac dleh ( Micron ) spdof
ni ecalp yb a rebmit at eht pot and trid nworht u
gnola eht egde no eht .noitces-ssorc hcuS a
Up ot 1 m 100 5’1 : I
dam is yllamron detcirtser ot small canals erehw
eht retaw elbat is less than tuoba 6’0 m evoba m2otml 150 :2 1
lanac .deb A yvaeh thgiew savnac detaert htiw
retaw gnifoorp lliw yllausu noitcnuf htiw a gnideecxE 2 m 200 :2 1
muminim fo .egakael yvaeH citsalp steehs yam
osla eb .desu 5.1.3 lioS revoc fo 15 mc ot 30 mc dluohs eb
dedivorp revo EPDL mlif ot tcetorp eht mlif
5.1.2 nI eht dnoces ,dohtem eht dnop yam eb morf .egamad
detcurtsnoc htiw nehtrae bunds at hcae .dce
ehT lairetam is yllausu dehsup otni ecalp htiw 5.1.4 A lacipyt tes up rof gnivresbo egapees
eht pleh fo a rezod ro emos rehto .ecived fI sessol yb gnidnop dohtem is nevig ni .giF 1
eht lanac is ,yrd gnirud bund noitcurtsnoc eht and 2.
rezod nac tcapmoc eht lios yb detaeper spirt
kcab and htrof ssorca wollahs .stfil nehW eht 5.1.5 nI eht driht ,dohtem gnitsixe serutcurts
lanac sniatnoc ,retaw erac dluohs eb nekat ton hcus as srotaluger yam eb desu ot dnop .retaw
ot tpmetta noitcapmoc litnu eht tnemevom fo Planks yam eb desu and decalp ni eht golpots
retaw past eht bund has neeb deppots and eht .stols Canvas yam eb depard revo eht dednop
esab htdiw is tneiciffus ot tsiser detcirtsernu edis ot revoc nepo stnioj and ot tneverp
gnidaerps fo eht llif morf eht thgiew fo eht egakael dnuora eht sdne fo eht planks. ehT
.rezod Natural lios erutsiom is yllausu tneiciffus savnac is dleh ni ecalp gnola eht segde and

ST!LLING ‘NELL -l
FIG. 1 TYPICAL PONDING METHOD SETUP FOR SEEPAGE LO§SES
- POIIITER’ HOOK GAUGE
2
FIG. TYPICAL CROSS SECTION OF PONDING METHOD SETUP FOR
SMALL CHANNELS
SI 2519 ( Part 1 ) : 1993
mottob yb lios dekcap against .ti EPDL mlif .evitarepo tnemerusaem fo eht etar fo pord ni
yam eb detutitsbus rof savnac ot revoc eht eht retaw ecafrus yam eb .detrats ehT -resbo
.stnioj snoitav fo eht stset dluohs eb dedrocer ni eht
amroforp as nevig ni xennA A. ehT emit fo hcae
6 TNEMPIUQE gnidaer dluohs eb dedrocer ot eht tseraen
.etunim
6.1 ehT tnempiuqe deriuqer ot tcudcoc gnidnop
stset is elpmis ot etarepo tub etauqeda -uacerp 7.3 roF rellams slennahc ot a deb htdiw of
up
snoit evah ot eb nekat nehw installing .ti 2 m the tnemegnarra nwohs ni .giF 2 dluohs eb
detpoda and rof rediw slennahc gnillits sllew
6.1.1 ehT tnempiuqe stsisnoc fo owt /skooh detacol at emertxe sdne fo dnop dluohs eb
sretniop and owt ffats seguag and ni emos detcurtsnoc ot evresbo water slevel at suoirav
sncitacol an noitaropave pan. A kooh and .slavretni
ffats eguag dluohs eb deriap rof esu at eht
maertspu and maertsl;wod sdne fo eht .dnop 7.4 erofeB starting eht snoitavresbo for seepage
ehT kooh eguag is a yrotarobal epyt eguag and ,sessol laitini gnidaer of the retniop eguag
nac eb daer up ot 1000’0 htiw eht aid fo eht dluohs eb nekat no each gnillits llew -atlum:s
III
vernier. ehT ffats eguag is a standard dellemane ylsuoen dna recorded.
eguag yltneuqerf desu no noitagirri stcejorp ot
etacidni eht retaw htped and delacs ot 100’0 m 7.5 ehT rate of llaf of the water ecafrus nihtiw
( ees ) SI 4080 : 1967 .) a few sruoh after the laitini sgnidaer of the
eguag dluohs edivorp na noitacidni of ssol rate.
6.1.2 ehT seguag dluohs eb dellatsni no lacitrev fI the dnop smees ot evah a hgih ssol rate,
sthgirpu that evah neeb ylmrif denoitisop gnidaer dluohs eb dedrocer at an lavretni
raen eht egde fo eht .dnop hcaE eguag dluohs gniyrav morf 1 ot 4 ,sruoh rof a dnop gniwohs
eb detcennoc ot yevrus hcneb marks no eht a yrev wols etar fo ,pord less tneuqerf sgnidaer
lanac os that shtped ni eht dnop nac eb yam eb .nekat egapeeS sessol yam eb detupmoc
detalerroc htiw ngised .htped morf eht snoitavresbo dedrocer -retfa eht ydaets
etats noitidnoc has neeb .deveihca
6.1.3 owT sets fo kooh and ffats seguag dluohs
eb .desu ehT ffats eguag gnidaer dluohs 7.6 snoitavresbO dluohs eb dediova gnirud
evres as a hguor kcehc fo eht kooh eguag llafniar or esle eguag-niar dluohs eb .dellatsni
gnidaer and dluohs eht kooh eguag eb -nedicca
yllat ,debrutsid eht ffats eguag dluohs eb daer
8 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
litnu yevruser sehsilbatse a wen ecnerefer no eht
.kooh 8.1 yevruS seton dluohs eb desu ot etupmoc
dna etalubat the water ecafrus htdiw dna wetted
6.1.41 gniruD ,smrotsdniw eht retaw ecafrus fo retemirep for suoirav water ecafrus snoitavele
eht dnop yam ton eb latnoziroh tuohguorht of lanac as nwohs ni sexennA B and ehT.C -ssorc
eht htgnel fo eht .dnop ,eroferehT egareva noitces fo eht lanac dluohs eb dettolp yletarucca
retaw ecafrus snoitavele dluohs eb denimreted ot niatbo dettew sretemirep and retaw ecafrus
yb gnivah eguag sgnidaer at hcae .dne A ,htdiw correct pu ot 0’01 .m ehT stnemercni fo
gnillits llew dluohs eb dedivorp dnuora eht snoitavele rof snoitaupmoc fo retaw ecafrus
kooh ot eziminim eht rorre ni snoitavresbo eud widths and dettew retemirep dneped nopu eht
ot secnabrutsid ni eht retaw .ecafrus ezis fo eht ,lanac htped ni the dnop dna eht
egnar of the test depths. Each nmuloc rednu
6.1.5 Evaporation Pan a ralucitrap noitavele si degareva for lla .snoitats
ot niatbo the evitatneserper scitsiretcarahc for
ehT noitaropave sessol morf eht dnop ecafrus
the eritne .dnop
yam ::b tnacifingis as derapmoc ot egapees se;iso1
morf denil canals. nI redro ot ylppa snoitcerroc 8.2 ehT noitam:ofni deniatnoc ni sexennA ,A B
eud ot ,noitaropave na noitaropave nap dluohs and C is tneiciffus rof noitatupmoc fo ssol .setar
eb desu rof gnirusaem eht noitaropave etar oT etatilicaf eseht snoitatupmoc a tnemetats as
gnirud eht gndnop .stset oT enimreted nwohs ni xennA D dluohs eb .deraperp
,noitaropave a ecnerefer yam eb edam ot
SI 6939 : 1992. 8.3 egapeeS etar ( 601/S/9m 2m ) rednu ydaets
etats noitidnoc is deniatbo yb eht :alumrof
7 PROCEDURE
latoT emulov tsol ( ”nr ) x 10R
egapeeS
7.1 ytivarG wolf or gnipmup yam eb desu ot rate = -~ 3 -~600 -~~~ X egareva wetted -rrep
[ 501/S/Sm 2m ]
llif eht tset dnop gnidneped no eht snoitidnoc retem ( m ) X latoT emit ni
that liaverp at eht etis and eht ezis fo eht .lanac sruoh x htgnel of dnop ( m )
ehT dellif up retaw dluohs eb eerf morf hgih
silt .tnetnoc 9 SNOITATIMIL
7.2 htiW the dnop dellif dna lla seguag 9.1 gnidnoP dohtem has eht gniwollof

3
SI 9452 ( Part 1 j : 3991
snoitatimii dna :segatnavdasid 4 ehT seepage sessol for the loop yam eb
ylthgils tnereffid morf those gnikat ecalp
4 ehT dohtem stpurretni the lamron gnikrow morf the lanac htiw gniwolf water.
of the ;lanac ,revewoH the ecnereffid dluow eb etiuq
;laitneuqesnocni
ehT noitcurtsnoc of yraropmet sreirrab
b)
or sdnub ot mrof the loop dna rieht f) nI the noitatupmoc of seepage ,sessol ti
lavomer afterwards lliw evlovni .esnepxe has neeb demussa that the effect of
ehT dohtem ,d!uohs therefore, eb elbair,av head si ;elbigilgen dna
deyolpme ylno nehw the ecnatropmi of
the test stnerraw the ;erutidnepxe g) ehT sessol worked tuo are the sessol ni
the lalot latnemirepxe reach for the
Cl A egral ytitnauq of water si dede_-n for water ,elbat erutarepmet dna ytidimuh
gnillif the loop yllaitini dna tneuqesbus snoitidnoc ni the reach at the emit of the
tnemhsinelper gnirud the test yam evlovni .tnemirepxe
;seitluciffid
hguohtlA the gnidnop dohtem sevig 01 SEGATNAVDA
,4
etarucca ser!lgif for the latot seepage sessol
morf the ,loop ti does ton show ncitairav ehT dohtem si ylevitaler erom etarucca dnB:
ni rates for tnereffid sirap of the ;loap .elbadneped
ANNEX A
( Clause 7.2 )
EGAPEES SSOL ATAD - GNPDNQP DOHTEM
lanaC ,.............. Hook egulg enO dne . . . . . . . . I . . . . ..othcr ...dne .., . . . .
seiratubirtsiD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...eganiahC.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RatS eguag enO dne . . .,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +
Other dne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,. . . . . . . revresbO . . . ._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.__-.-~-I__ _--_-____-_____l_l . . . ~__ I-_-- .___-- _..
Date emiT Hook seguaG Staff Gauges Tcmperaturc
(.------h-___~ r__--h---_-) r-_-h_-
One dnE Other dnE enO dnE Other dnE riA ?etirw

4
IS 2549 ( Part 1) : 1993
ANNEX B
( Clauses 8.1 and 8.2 )
TABLE OF WATER SURFACE WIDTHS
emaN fo lanac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dnoP oN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
eganiahC *...a.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s . . . . . . . . . . .
Cbainage Water Surface Width for Various Elevations
~--------h_----_--~
KM
lE . . . ..,..... . lE.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average
ANNEX C
( Clauses 8.1 and 8.2 )
TABLE OF WETTED PERIMETERS

Name of lanac . . . . . . . . . .” . . . . . . . . . . . . dnoP oN . . . . ........................(..
Chainage Wetted Perimeter for Various Elevations
h_____-_-7
KM r--------
lE . . . . . . . . . . . . lE . . . . . . . . . . . . lE . . . . . . . . . . . . lE . . . . . .
Average