IS 6489-3: Textiles -- Tear Properties of Fabrics, Part 3: Determination of Tear Force of Wing-Shaped Test Specimens(Single Tear Method)

2011·0.95 MB·English

by  Bureau of Indian Standards

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IS 6489-3 (2011): Textiles -- Tear Properties of Fabrics,
Part 3: Determination of Tear Force of Wing-Shaped Test
Specimens(Single Tear Method) [TXD 1: Physical Methods of
Tests]
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IS 6489 (Part 3) : 2011
ISO 13937-3 : 2000
Hkkjrh; ekud

oL=kkfn oL=kksa osQ fonj.k osQ xq.k
—
Hkkx 3 ia[k osQ vkdkj osQ uewuksa dk fonj.k cy Kkr djuk
(, d y f o n j . k i ¼ fr } kj k)
(nwljk iqujh{k.k)
Indian Standard
TEXTILES — TEAR PROPERTIES OF FABRICS
PART 3 DETERMINATION OF TEAR FORCE OF WING-SHAPED TEST SPECIMENS
(SINGLE TEAR METHOD)
( Second Revision )
ICS 59.080.30
© BIS 2011
B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S T A N D A R D S
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
December 2011 Price Group 6
Physical Methods of Test Sectional Committee, TXD 01
NATIONAL FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Part 3) (Second Revision) which is identical with ISO 13937-3: 2000 ‘Textiles
— Tear properties of fabrics — Part 3: Determination of tear force of wing-shaped test specimens
(Single tear method)’ issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) was adopted
by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommendation of the Physical Methods of Test Sectional
Committee and approval of the Textile Division Council.
This standard was first published in 1971 and subsequently revised in 1993. This standard has been
revised again to align it with the latest version of ISO 13937-3 : 2000 by adoption under dual numbering
system. Since ISO 13937 has been published in four parts, this standard has also been published in
four parts. Other parts in this series are:
Part 1 Determination of tear force using ballistic pendulum method (Elmendorf)
Part 2 Determination of tear force of trouser-shaped test specimens (Single tear method)
Part 4 Determination of tear force of tongue-shaped test specimens (Double tear test)
The conditioning temperature of 20 ± 2°C as specified in International Standards is not suitable for
tropical countries like India where the atmospheric temperature is normally much higher than 20°C. It
is almost impossible to maintain this temperature specially during summer when the atmospheric
temperature rises even up to 50°C. In view of the above, IS 6359 : 1971 ‘Method for conditioning of
textiles’ which specifies a temperature of 27 ± 2°C for conditioning of the test specimens for the
tropical countries like India shall be referred.
The text of ISO Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as an Indian Standard with
the above deviations. Certain conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards.
Attention is particularly drawn to the following:
a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear referring to this standard, they should be
read as ‘Indian Standard’.
b) Comma (,) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards, the current practice
is to use a point (.) as the decimal marker.
In this adopted standard, reference appears to certain International Standards for which Indian
Standards also exist. The corresponding Indian Standards which are to be substituted in their respective
places are listed below along with their degree of equivalence for the editions indicated:
International Standard Corresponding Indian Standard Degree of Equivalence
ISO 139 : 2005 Textiles — Standard IS 6359 : 1971 Method for Technically Equivalent
atmospheres for conditioning and conditioning of textiles
testing
ISO 10012 : 2003 Measurement IS/ISO 10012 : 2003 Measurement Identical
management systems — management systems —
Requirements for measurement Requirements for measurement
processes and measuring equipment processes and measuring equipment

(Continued on third cover)
IS 6489 (Part 3) : 2011
ISO 13937-3 : 2000
Indian Standard
TEXTILES — TEAR PROPERTIES OF FABRICS
PART 3 DETERMINATION OF TEAR FORCE OF WING-SHAPED TEST SPECIMENS
(SINGLE TEAR METHOD)
( Second Revision )
1 Scope
ThisPartofENISO13937describesasingletearmethodtodeterminefabrictearforce,knownasthewing
testusingatestspecimencuttoformtwowingsforclampinginclinedatadefinedangletothethread
direction.Thetearforcemeasuredistheforcerequiredtopropagateapreviouslystartedtear.
Thetestismainlyapplicabletowoventextilefabrics.Itmaybeapplicabletofabricsproducedbyother
techniques.Duetotheclampingofthespecimenwingsinclinedtothethreadstobetornthetestcanbe
usedformosttypesoffabricswithoutcausingatransferoftearanditislesssusceptibletowithdrawalof
threadsthanotherteartests.
Ingeneralthemethodisnotapplicabletoknittedfabrics,wovenelasticfabricsandnonwovens,towhich
thetrapezoidaltestmethodispreferablyapplied(Note2).
Themethodonlyallowstheuseofconstant-rate-of-extension(CRE)testingmachines.
NOTE1:Forotherteartestmethodsusingtensile-testingmachinespart2ofENISO13937describesa
methodknownasthetrousertestandpart4thetonguetestmethod.Part1ofENISO13937describesthe
ballisticpendulum(Elmendorf)method.
NOTE2:Fortrapezoidaltestmethods,seeISO9073-4fornonwovensorISO4674forcoatedfabrics.
2 Normativereferences
Thefollowingnormativedocumentscontainprovisionswhich,throughreferenceinthistext,constitute
provisionsofthisInternationalStandard.Fordatedreferences,subsequentamendmentsto,orrevisionsof,
anyofthesepublicationsdonotapply.However,partiestoagreementsbasedonthisInternational
Standardareencouragedtoinvestigatethepossibilityofapplyingthemostrecenteditionsofthenormative
documentsindicatedbelow.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthenormativedocumentreferred
toapplies.MembersofISOandIECmaintainregistersofcurrentlyvalidInternationalStandards.
ISO139 Textiles-Standardatmospheresforconditioningandtesting
ISO7500-1 Metallicmaterials-Verificationofstaticuniaxialtestingmachines-Part1-Tensiletesting
machines
ISO10012-1 Qualityassurancerequirementsformeasuringequipment-Part1:
Metrologicalconfirmationsystemformeasuringequipment
3 Terms and definitions
ForthepurposesofthispartofENISO13937thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply:
3.1constant-rate-of-extension(CRE)testingmachine:Tensile-testingmachinewhereoneclampis
stationarywhilsttheotherismovingwithaconstantspeedthroughoutthetestandwheretheentiretesting
systemisvirtuallyfreefromdeflection.
3.2gaugelength:Distancebetweenthetwoeffectiveclampingpointsofatestingdevice.
NOTE:Theeffectiveclampingpoints(orlines)ofjawscanbecheckedbyclampingatestspecimenunder
definedpretensionwithcarboncopypapertoprod uceagrippingpatternonthespecimenand/orjawfaces.
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IS 6489 (Part 3) : 2011
ISO 13937-3 : 2000
3.3tearforce:Forcerequiredtopropagateatearinitiatedunderthespecifiedconditions.
NOTE:Thetearforceisqualifiedas"acrosswarp"or"acrossweft"accordingtowhetherthetearismade
acrossthewarp(warpthreadsaretorn)orweftthreads(weftthreadsaretorn)respectively.
3.4peak:Pointonaforce/extensioncurvewherethegradient,relativetotheforcevaluesrecorded,
changesfrompositivetonegative.
NOTE:Fortearrecordingsthepeaktobeusedforcalculationisdefinedbyrisingandfallingofforceofat
least10%ofthelastdecreasingorincreasingforcevaluerespectively..
3.5lengthoftear:Measureddistancepropagatedbyatearingforcefromtheinitiationoftheforceuntilits
termination.
3.6wing-shapedtestspecimen:Stripoftestfabric,cutononeendtoformatrianglewithaspecified
slope,andcutinthecentretoformtwowingswhichareclampedparalleltotheslopeofthestrip(see
figures1and2).
4 Principle
Aspecificallyshapedtestspecimencuttoformtwowingsononesideismechanicallystressedsothatthe
stressisconcentratedatacutinsuchawayastocausetearinginthedesireddirection.Thewingsofthe
specimenareclampedinclinedtothedirectionofthethreadstobetorn.Theforcetocontinuethetearover
aspecifiedlengthoftearisrecorded.Thetearforceiscalculatedfromforcepeaksoftheautographictrace,
oron-linebyelectronicmeans.
5 Sampling
Selectsampleseitherinaccordancewiththeprocedurelaiddowninthematerialspecificationforthefabric,
orasagreedbetweentheinterestedparties.
Intheabsenceofanappropriatematerialspecificationanexampleofasuitablesamplingprocedureis
giveninannexA.
AnexampleofapatternforcuttingtestspecimensfromthelaboratorysampleisgiveninannexB.Avoid
testareaswithfoldedorcreasedplaces,selvedgesandareasnotrepresentativeofthefabric.
6 Apparatus
6.1General
ThesystemformetrologicalconfirmationofthetensiletestingmachineshallbeinaccordancewithISO
10012-1.
6.2CREmachine,havingthefollowingcharacteristics:
a)Capableofoperatingataconstant-rate-of-extensionof(100±10)mm/min;
b)capableofgaugelengthtobesetto(100±1)mm;
c)providedwithmeansforrecordingtheforceappliedtothetestspecimenduringtheteartest.
d)underconditionsofuse,theaccuracyoftheapparatusshallbeclass1ofISO7500-1.Theerrorofthe
indicatedorrecordedmaximumforceatanypointintherangeinwhichthemachineisusedshallnot
exceed±1%,andtheerroroftheindicatedorrecorded jawseparationshallnotexceed±1mm.
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IS 6489 (Part 3) : 2011
ISO 13937-3 : 2000
e)ifrecordingofforceandextensionisobtainedbymeansofdataacquisitionboardsandsoftware,the
frequencyofdatacollectionshallbeatleast8persecond.
Ifaclass2tensiletestingmachinehastobeused,thisshallbestatedinthetestreport.
6.3Clampingdevice,comprisingthetwojawsofthemachine,thecentralpointsofwhichareintheline
ofpull,thefrontedgesatrightanglestothelineofpullandtheclampingfacesinthesameplane.
Thejawsshallbefixedtopreventsidewaysmovementduringthetearingoperationandshallbecapableof
holdingthetestspecimenwithoutallowingittoslip,designedsothattheydonotcutorotherwiseweaken
thetestspecimen.
Thewidthofthejawsshallpreferablybe100mm,butshallnotbelessthan75mm.
6.4Equipmentforcuttingouttestspecimens,preferablyahollowpunchortemplatetogivetest
specimensofthedimensionsshowninfigure1.
7 Atmosphereforconditioningand testing
Theatmospheresforpreconditioning,conditioningandtestingshallbeasspecifiedinISO139.
8 Preparation of test specimens
8.1 General
Fromeachlaboratorysampletwosetsoftestspecimensshallbecut,onesetinthewarpdirectionandthe
otherintheweftdirection.
Forotherthanwovenfabricsusetherelevantdesignationfordirection,e.g.lengthandtransverse.
Eachsetshallconsistofatleastfivetestspecimens,ormoreifagreed.Inaccordancewithclause5and
annexB,notwotestspecimensshallcontainthesamelongitudinalortransversethreads,andnospecimen
shallbecutwithin150mmoftheedgeofthefabric.
8.2 Dimensions
Cutoutthetestspecimensinaccordancewiththeshapeanddimensionsshowninfigure1andmarkthe
linesabandcdoneachtestspecimen.Marktheendoftear(25±1)mmfromtheuncutendinthecentre
ofthestriptoindicatethepositionofthetearatthecompletionofthetest.

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IS 6489 (Part 3) : 2011
ISO 13937-3 : 2000
Dimensionsinmm
1Markforendoftearlength
2Mark
3Cut
Figure 1 - Wing-shaped test specimen
8.3 Cuttingoutoftestspecimens
Forwovenfabricseachtestspecimenshallbecutwithitslengthparalleltothewarportheweftofthe
fabric.Fortestspecimenswherethelengthisparalleltothewarp,thedirectionofthetearisqualifiedas
"acrossweft"andfortestspecimenswherethelongersideofthetestspecimenisparalleltothedirectionof
theweft,thetearisqualified"acrosswarp"(see3.3andannexB).
9 Procedure
9.1 Gaugelength
Setthegaugelengthofthetensile-testingmachineto100mm.
9.2 Rateofextension
Settherateofextensionofthetensile-testingmachineto100mm/min.
9.3 Mountingoftestspecimens
Clampthetestspecimencentrallyinthejawswiththe55ºlinesabandcdjustvisible,placedalongthe
proximateedgesofthejawswitheachwingpresentingthesamesurfaceofthefabrictotheoperator(see
figure2).Avoidpretensionwhenthetestisstarted.

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IS 6489 (Part 3) : 2011
ISO 13937-3 : 2000
Dimensionsinmillimetres
1Testspecimen
2Jaw
3Gaugelength100mm
4Pointoftear
NOTE:Adjustmarklinesabandcdalongcentraledgesofjaws.
Figure2-Clampingarrangement
9.4 Operation
Engageanydeviceforrecordingofthetearforce.Putthemovingclampinmotionat100mm/minand
continuetheteartothepointmarkedneartheendofthestrip.
Recordthetearforceinnewtons,andifateartraceiswantedrecordtheaccompanyingjawseparation(for
recordingofthetearlength)foreachofthetestspecimensineachfabricdirection,usingrecordingor
electronicdevices(6.2).
Iftheevaluationofthepeaksderivedfromdensefabricswithlargenumbersofthreadspercmaretobe
takenfromthechartrecordingmanually(see10.1),thespeedofthechartpaperhastobesetto2:1in
relationtotherateofextension.
Observewhetherthetearproceedsrectangulartothedirectionofforceandwhetheranythreadsslipout
fromthefabricratherthanbeingtorn.Thetestiscorrectifthereisa)noslippageofthreadsoutofthe
fabric,b)noslippageinthejaws,c)theteariscompletedandproceededrectangulartothedirectionof
applicationoftheforce.Otherresultsshallbediscarded.
Iftheresultsfromthreeormoreoutofthefivetestspecimenshavetoberejected,themethodis
unsuitable.

Ifagreedtestadditionaltestspecimens,preferablydoublingthenumberoftestspecimens.Insuchcases,
thereportingoftheresultsshallalsobeagreed.
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