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IS 6489-2: Textiles – Tear Properties of Fabrics, Part 2: Determination of Tear Force of Trouser Shaped Test Specimens (Single Tear Method) PDF

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Preview IS 6489-2: Textiles – Tear Properties of Fabrics, Part 2: Determination of Tear Force of Trouser Shaped Test Specimens (Single Tear Method)

इंटरनेट मानक Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public. “जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न’ 5 तरफ” Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru “The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New” IS 6489-2 (2011): Textiles – Tear Properties of Fabrics, Part 2: Determination of Tear Force of Trouser Shaped Test Specimens (Single Tear Method) [TXD 1: Physical Methods of Tests] “!ान $ एक न’ भारत का +नम-ण” Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda ““IInnvveenntt aa NNeeww IInnddiiaa UUssiinngg KKnnoowwlleeddggee”” “!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता हहहहै””ै” Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam “Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen” IS 6489 (Part 2) : 2011 ISO 13937-2 : 2000 Hkkjrh; ekud oL=kkfn oL=kksa osQ fonj.k osQ xq.k — Hkkx 2 irywu osQ vkdkj osQ uewuksa dk fonj.k cy Kkr djuk (, d y fo n j . k i ¼ fr } kj k) (nwljk iqujh{k.k) Indian Standard TEXTILES — TEAR PROPERTIES OF FABRICS PART 2 DETERMINATION OF TEAR FORCE OF TROUSER SHAPED TEST SPECIMENS (SINGLE TEAR METHOD) ( Second Revision ) ICS 59.080.30 © BIS 2011 B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S T A N D A R D S MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 December 2011 Price Group 7 Physical Methods of Test Sectional Committee, TXD 01 NATIONAL FOREWORD This Indian Standard (Part 2) (Second Revision) which is identical with ISO 13937-2 : 2000 ‘Textiles — Tear properties of fabrics — Part 2: Determination of tear force of trouser-shaped test specimens (Single tear method)’ issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommendation of the Physical Methods of Test Sectional Committee and approval of the Textile Division Council. This standard was first published in 1971 and subsequently revised in 1993. This standard has been revised again to align it with the latest version of ISO 13937-2 : 2000 by adoption under dual numbering system. Since ISO 13937 has been published in four parts, this standard has also been published in four parts. Other parts in this series are: Part 1 Determination of tear force using ballistic pendulum method (Elmendorf) Part 3 Determination of tear force of wing-shaped test specimens (Single tear method) Part 4 Determination of tear force of tongue-shaped test specimens (Double tear test) The conditioning temperature of 20 ± 2°C as specified in International Standards is not suitable for tropical countries like India where the atmospheric temperature is normally much higher than 20°C. It is almost impossible to maintain this temperature specially during summer when the atmospheric temperature rises even up to 50°C. In view of the above, IS 6359 : 1971 ‘Method for conditioning of textiles’ which specifies a temperature of 27 ± 2°C for conditioning of the test specimens for the tropical countries like India shall be referred. The text of ISO Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as an Indian Standard with the above deviations. Certain conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards. Attention is particularly drawn to the following: a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appears referring to this standard, they should be read as ‘Indian Standard’. b) Comma (,) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards, the current practice is to use a point (.) as the decimal marker. In this adopted standard, reference appears to certain International Standards for which Indian Standards also exist. The corresponding Indian Standards which are to be substituted in their respective places are listed below along with their degree of equivalence for the editions indicated: International Standard Corresponding Indian Standard Degree of Equivalence ISO 139 : 2005 Textiles — Standard IS 6359 : 1971 Method for Technically Equivalent atmospheres for conditioning and conditioning of textiles testing ISO 10012 : 2003 Measurement IS/ISO 10012 : 2003 Measurement Identical management systems — management systems — Requirements for measurement Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment processes and measuring equipment (Continued on third cover) IS 6489 (Part 2) : 2011 ISO 13937-2 : 2000 Indian Standard TEXTILES — TEAR PROPERTIES OF FABRICS PART 2 DETERMINATION OF TEAR FORCE OF TROUSER SHAPED TEST SPECIMENS (SINGLE TEAR METHOD) ( Second Revision ) 1 Scope This part of EN ISO 13937 describes a single-tear method to determine fabric tear force, known as the trouser test, using a test specimen cut to form trouser-shaped legs. The tear force measured is the force required to propagate a previously started single tear when the force is applied parallel to the cut and the fabrictearsinthedirectionofappliedforce. The test is mainly applicable to woven textile fabrics. It may be applicable to fabrics produced by other techniques,e.g.tosomenonwovens(withthesameunder-mentionedrestrictionsasforthewovenfabrics). In general the method is not applicable to knitted fabrics and woven elastic fabrics. It is not suitable for highly anisotropic fabrics or loose fabrics where tear transfer from one direction to another direction of the fabricduringtheteartestislikelytooccur. Themethodonlyallowstheuseofconstant-rate-of-extension(CRE)testingmachines. NOTE 1: For other tear test methods using tensile-testing machines part 3 of EN ISO 13937 describes a method known as the wing test and part 4 the tongue test method. Part 1 of EN ISO 13937 describes the ballisticpendulum(Elmendorf)method. NOTE2:Forthetrapezoidaltestmethod,seeISO9073-4fornonwovensorISO4674forcoatedfabrics. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisionsofthisInternationalStandard.Fordatedreferences,subsequentamendmentsto,orrevisionsof, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standardareencouragedtoinvestigatethepossibilityofapplyingthemostrecenteditionsofthenormative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred toapplies.MembersofISOandIECmaintainregistersofcurrentlyvalidInternationalStandards. ISO139 Textiles-Standardatmospheresforconditioningandtesting ISO7500-1 Metallic materials - Verification of static uniaxial testing machines - Part 1 - Tensiletestingmachines ISO10012-1 Qualityassurancerequirements for measuringequipment- Part 1: Metrological confirmationsystemformeasuringequipment 1 IS 6489 (Part 2) : 2011 ISO 13937-2 : 2000 3 Terms and definitions ForthepurposesofthispartofENISO13937thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply: 3.1 constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) testing machine: Tensile-testing machine where one clamp is stationarywhilsttheotherismoving withaconstantspeedthroughoutthetestandwheretheentiretesting systemisvirtuallyfreefromdeflection. 3.2gaugelength:Distancebetweenthetwoeffectiveclampingpointsofatestingdevice. NOTE:Theeffectiveclampingpoints(or lines) of jaws can becheckedbyclamping a test specimen under defined pretension with carbon copy paper to produce a gripping pattern on the test specimen and/or jaw faces. 3.3tearforce:Forcerequiredtopropagateatearinitiatedunderthespecifiedconditions. NOTE: The tear force is qualified as "across warp" or "across weft" according to whether the tear is made acrossthewarp(warpthreadsaretorn)orweftthreads(weftthreadsaretorn)respectively. 3.4 peak: Point on a force/extension curve where the gradient, relative to the force values recorded, changesfrompositivetonegative. NOTE:For tearrecordings,thepeak tobeusedfor calculation is definedbyrising and falling of forceof at least10%ofthelastdecreasingorincreasingforcevaluesrespectively. 3.5lengthoftear:Measureddistancepropagatedbyatearingforcefromtheinitiationoftheforceuntilits termination. 3.6Trousershapedtestspecimen:Rectangulartestspecimenhavingasinglecutofdefinedlengthmade inthecentreoftheshorteredgetoformtwotrouserlegsforclamping(seefigures1and2). 4 Principle Arectangulartestspecimeniscutinthecentreoftheshorteredgetoformatrousershape.Thelegsofthe trouseraregrippedintheclamps ofarecordingtensiletestingmachinetoform astraightlineandpulledin the direction of the cut to tear the fabric. The force to continue the tear over a specified distance is recorded.Thetearforceiscalculatedfromtheforcepeaksoftheautographictrace,oron-linebyelectronic means. 5 Sampling Selectsampleseitherinaccordancewiththeprocedurelaiddowninthematerialspecificationforthefabric, orasagreedbetweentheinterestedparties. In the absence of an appropriate material specification an example of a suitable sampling procedure is giveninannexA. An example of a pattern for cutting test specimens from the laboratory sample is given in annex B. Avoid testareaswithfoldedorcreasedplaces,selvedgesandareasnotrepresentativeofthefabric. 2 IS 6489 (Part 2) : 2011 ISO 13937-2 : 2000 6 Apparatus 6.1General The system for metrological confirmation of the tensile-testing machine shall be in accordance with ISO 10012-1. 6.2CREmachine,havingthefollowingcharacteristics: a)Capableofoperatingataconstant-rate-of-extensionof(100±10)mm/min; b)capableofgaugelengthtobesetto(100±1)mm; c)providedwithmeansforrecordingtheforceappliedtothetestspecimenduringtheteartest; d) under conditions of use, the accuracy of the apparatus shall be class 1 of ISO 7500-1 The error of the indicated or recorded maximum force at any point in the range in which the machine is used shall not exceed±1%,andtheerroroftheindicatedorrecordedjawseparationshallnotexceed±1mm; e) if recording of force and extension is obtained by means of data acquisition boards and software, the frequencyofdatacollectionshallbeatleast8persecond. Ifaclass2tensiletestingmachinehastobeused,thisshallbestatedinthetestreport. 6.3Clampingdevice,comprisingthetwojawsofthemachine,thecentralpointsofwhichareinthelineof pull,thefrontedgesatrightanglestothelineofpullandtheclampingfacesinthesameplane. Thejawsshallbecapableofholdingthetestspecimenwithoutallowingittoslipanddesignedsothatthey donotcutorotherwiseweakenthetestspecimen. Thewidthofthejawsshallpreferablybe75mm,butshallnotbelessthanthewidthofthetestspecimen. 6.4 Equipment for cutting out test specimens, preferably a hollow punch or template to give test specimensofthedimensionsshowninfigure1. 7 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing Theatmospheresforpreconditioning,conditioningandtestingshallbeasspecifiedinISO139. 8 Preparation of test specimens 8.1General Fromeachlaboratorysampletwosetsoftestspecimensshallbecut,onesetinthewarpdirectionandthe otherintheweftdirection. 3 IS 6489 (Part 2) : 2011 ISO 13937-2 : 2000 Forotherthanwovenfabrics,usetherelevantdesignationfordirection,e.g.lengthandtransverse. Each set shall consist of at least five test specimens, or more if agreed. In accordance with clause 5 and annexB,notwotestspecimensshallcontainthesamelongitudinalortransversethreads,andnospecimen shallbecutwithin150mmoftheedgeofthefabric. 8.2Dimensions 8.2.1Testspecimens50mmwide Thetestspecimen(seefigure1)shallbearectangular strip200mm ±2mm longby50mm ±1mm wide; initshallbemade,alongitudinalslit100mm±1mminlengthbeginningfromthecentreofthewidth.Mark the end of tear (25 ± 1) mm from the uncut end of the strip to indicate the position of the tear at the completionofthetest. Dimensionsinmillimetres 1Markforendoftearlength 2Cut Figure1-Trouser-shapedtestspecimen 8.2.2Wide-widthtestspecimens200mmwide Test specimens having a width of 200 mm may be tested if agreed by the interested parties. This is recommended for samples where the narrow-width test specimens are considered unsuitable (see 9.4) or forspecialtear-resistantfabrics.Themethodforuseofwide-widthtestspecimensisdescribedinannexD. 8.3Cuttingoutoftestspecimens For wovenfabrics,eachtestspecimenshallbecutoutwithits lengthparalleltothewarpor the weftof the fabric.For testspecimens wherethe longer side is parallel to the warp, the directionof the tear is qualified as "across weft" and for test specimens where the longer side of the test specimen is parallel to the directionoftheweft,thetearisqualified"acrosswarp"(see3.3andannexB). 4 IS 6489 (Part 2) : 2011 ISO 13937-2 : 2000 9 Procedure 9.1Gaugelength Setthegaugelengthofthetensile-testingmachineto100mm. 9.2Rateofextension Settherateofextensionofthetensile-testingmachineto100mm/min. 9.3Mountingoftestspecimens Clamp the test specimen in the jaws, with one leg in each of the jaws and the cut aligned along the centrelines of the jaws. The uncut end of the test specimen remains free. The clamping arrangement is showninfigure2.Takecaretoensurethateachlegispositionedinajawsothatthebeginningofthetear isparalleltothecutandinthedirectioninwhichthetearforceisapplied.Avoidpretensionwhenthetestis started. 1Jaw Figure2-Clampingarrangement 9.4Operation Engage any device for recording of the tear force. Put the moving clamp in motion at 100 mm/min and continuetheteartothepointmarkedneartheendofthestrip. Record the tear force in newtons, and if a tear trace is wanted record the accompanying jaw separation (tear length) for each of the test specimens in each fabric direction, using recording or electronic devices (6.2). If the evaluation of the peaks derived from dense fabrics with large numbers of threads per centimetre are tobetakenfrom thechartrecordingmanually(see10.1),thespeed of thechart paper has to besetto 2:1 inrelationtotherateofextension. Observe whether the tear proceeds along the direction of force and whether any threads slip out from the fabric rather than being torn. The test is correct if there is a) no slippage of threads out of the fabric, b) no slippageinthejaws,c) thetear is completed and proceeded along the directionof application of the force. Otherresultsshallbediscarded. 5

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