IS 4031-1: Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement, Part 1: Determination of fineness by dry sieving PDF
Preview IS 4031-1: Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement, Part 1: Determination of fineness by dry sieving
इंटरनेट मानक Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public. “जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न’ 5 तरफ” Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru “The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New” IS 4031-1 (1996): Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement, Part 1: Determination of fineness by dry sieving [CED 2: Cement and Concrete] “!ान $ एक न’ भारत का +नम-ण” Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda ““IInnvveenntt aa NNeeww IInnddiiaa UUssiinngg KKnnoowwlleeddggee”” “!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता हहहहै””ै” Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam “Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen” IS4031(Part1):1996 Indian Standard METHOD FO LACISYHP STSET ROF CILUARDYH TNEMEC PART 1 DETERMINATION OF FINENESS BY DRY SIEVING (Second Revision ) KS 91.100.10 .- 8BIS 1996 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAKB HAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 ygM 1996 Price Group 2 ‘ tnemeC and etercnoC lanoitceS ,eettimmoC CED 2 FOREWORD sihT naidnI dradnatS dnoceS( )noisiveR was detpoda yb eht uaeruB fo naidnI Standards, retfa eht tfard dezilanif yb tnemeC and etercnoC lanoitceS eettimmoC had neeb devorppa yb liviC gnireenignE noisiviD .licnuoC dradnatS sdohtem fo gnitset tnemec era laitnesse tcnujda ot eht tnemec .snoitacificeps sihT standard ni tnereffid parts syal nwod eht erudecorp rof eht stset ot etaulave lacisyhp seitreporp fo tnereffid .sepyt fo ciluardyh .stnemec ehT erudecorp rof gnitcudnoc lacimehc stset fo ciluardyh tnemec is derevoc ni SI 4032 : 1985 sdohteM‘ fo lacimehc sisylana fo ciluardyh tnemec ( tsrif noisiver .‘) yllanigirO all eht stset ot etaulave eht lacisyhp seitreporp fo ciluardyh tnemec erew derevoc ni eno standard tub rof gnitatilicaf eht esu fo this standard and erutuf ,snoisiver eht desiver standard was thguorb tuo ni tnereffid parts, hcae trap gnirevoc tnereffid .stset sihT trap srevoc noitanimreted fo ssenenif fo tnemec yb yrd .gniveis ehT dnoces noisiver fo this standard has neeb deraperp htiw a weiv ot align this tset dohtem htiw naeporuE dradna!S NE 196 traP( )6 dohteM fo gnitset :stnemec noitanimreteD fo .ssenenif ehT noitisopmoc fo eht eettimmoC elbisnopser rof eht noitalumrof fo this standard is nevig at xennA A. roF eht esoprup fo gnidiced rehtehw a ralucitrap tnemeriuqer fo this standard is ,deilpmoc eht lanif ,eulav devresbo ro ,detaluclac gnisserpxe eht tluser fo a tset ro ,sisylana shall eb dednuor ffo ni ecnadrocca htiw SI 2 : 1960 seluR‘ rof gnidnuor ffo laciremun seulav ( revised )‘. ehT rebmun fo tnacifingis secalp deniater ni eht dednuor ffo eulav dluohs eb eht emas as that fo eht deificeps eulav ni this standard. SI traP( 4031 1) : 1996 Indian Standard METHOD FO LACISYHP STSET RO<F CILUARDYH TNEMEC PART 1 DETERMINATION OF FINENESS BY DRY SIEVING Second Revision ) ( EPOCS lacirdnilyc emarf fo 150 mm ot 200 mm lanimon 1 retemaid and 40 mm ot 100 mm ,htped dettif htiw 90 sihT standard traP( )1 srevoc eht erudecorp rof 1.1 mp hsem eveis htolc fo nevow stainless ,leets ro rehto gninimreted eht ssenenif fo tnemec yb yrd gniveis as gnitsiser-noisarba and elbidorroc-non latem .eriw detneserper yb eht mass fo eudiser tfel no a standard 90 w SI .eveiS ehT eveis htolc shall ylpmoc htiw eht stnemeriuqer fo SI 460 ( traP )1 : 1985 and SI 460 ( traP 3 ) : 1985 2 SECNEREFER and shall eb eerf fo elbisiv seitiralugerri ni hsem ezis nehw detcepsni yllacitpo yb eht sdohtem fo SI 460 2.1 ehT gniwollof naidnI Standards era yrassecen stcnujda ot this standard: ( traP 3 ) : 1985. A yart gnittif htaeneb eht eveis emarf and a dil gnittif evoba ti shall eb dedivorp ot diova ssol fo lairetam gnirud .gniveis IS No. Title 460 noitacificepS rof tset :seveis 4.2.2 Balance ( traP 1 ) : 1985 eriW htolc tset seveis (third elbapaC fo gnihgiew up ot 10 g ot eht tseraen 10 .gm revision) 4.2.3 Brush ( traP 3 ) : 1985 sdohteM fo noitanimaxe fo A enolyn ro erup eltsirb brush, ylbareferp htiw 25 ot serutrepa fo tset seveis (third 40 mm ,eltsirb rof gninaelc eht .eveis revision) 3535 : 1986 sdohteM fo sampling ciluardyh 4.3 lairetaM rof gnikcehC eht eveiS stnemec (f?rst revision) A dradnatS ecnerefer lairetam fo nwonk eveis eudiser shall eb desu rof gnikcehc eht .eveis 5165 : 1969 elbaegnahcretnI lacinoc dnuorg - glass stnioj ehT lairetam shall eb derots ni ,delaes thgitria sreniatnoc ot diova segnahc ni its scitsiretcarahc eud 3SNEMICEPS GNILPMAS AND NOITCELES FO TSET ot noitprosba ro noitisoped morf eht .erehpsomta The sreniatnoc shall eb dekram htiw eht eveis eudiser fo 3.1 ehT samples fo eht tnemec llahs eb nekat gnidrocca eht ecnerefer .lairetam ot eht stnemeriuqer fo SI 6891:5353 ees( )1.2 and 4.4 erudecorP eht tnaveler standard noitacificeps rof eht epyt fo tnemec gnieb .detset ehT evitatneserper elpmas fo 4.4.1 Determination of the Cement Residue eht tnemec detceles as evoba shall eb ylhguoroht dexim erofeb .gnitset etatigA eht elpmas fo tnemec ot eb detset yb shaking rof 2 nim ni a dereppots raj ot esrepsid .setaremolgga 4 GNIVEIS DOHTEM Wait 2 .nim ritS eht gnitluser redwop yltneg using a naelc yrd dor ni redro ot etubirtsid eht senif tuohguorht 4.1 elpicnirP eht .tnemec ehT ssenenif fo tnemec is derusaem yb gniveis ti no standard .eveis ehT noitroporp fo tnemec fo hcihw tiF eht yart rednu eht ,eveis hgiew yletamixorppa 10 g fo tnemec ot eht tseraen 0.01 g and ecalp ti no eht eht niarg sezis era regral than eht deificeps hsem ezis ,eveis gnieb luferac ot diova .ssol esrepsiD yna is thus .denimreted .setaremolgga tiF eht dil revo eht .eveis etatigA eht A ecnerefer elpmas gnivah a nwonk noitroporp fo eveis yb ,gnilriws yratenalp and raenil tnemevom litnu lairetam resraoc than eht deificeps hsem ezis is desu on erom enif lairetam passes hguorht .ti evomeR and rof gnikcehc eht deificeps .eveis hgiew eht .eudiser sserpxE its mass as a ,egatnecrep R,, fo eht ytitnauq tsrif decalp ni eht eveis ot eht tseraen 4.2 Apparatus 0.1 .tnecrep yltneG brush all eht enif lairetam ffo eht esab fo eht eveis otni eht .yart 4.2.1 Test Sieve tI sesirpmoc a ,mrif ,elbarud ,elbidorroc-non taepeR eht elohw erudecorp using a hserf 10 g elpmas i 1 IS 4031 traP( )1 : 1996 ot niatbo 5. nehT etaluclac eht eudiser fo eht tnemec taeper noitanimreted fo eudiser ot dleiy owt seulav p, R as eht naem fo R, and R, as a ,egatnecrep desserpxe and ,P desserpxe ot eht tseraen 0.1 .tnecrep ot eht tseraen 0.1 .tnecrep ehT owt seulav fo ,P and ,P rof a yrotcafsitas eveis nehW eht stluser reffid yb erom than 1 tnecrep dluohs reffid yb ton erom than 0.3 .tnecrep riehT naem ,etulosba yrrac tuo a driht gniveis and etaluclac eht P seziretcarahc eht etats fo eht .eveis naem fo eht eerht .seulav neviG eht nwonk eudiser no eht 90 m hsem fo eht ehT gniveis ssecorp is deirrac tuo yllaunam yb a delliks ecnerefer ,lairetam R, etaluclac P/R as eht eveis and decneirepxe .rotarepo ,rotcaf ,F desserpxe ot eht tseraen 0.0 1. ehT ,eudiser R, denimreted as ni 4.4.1 shall eb detcerroc yb ETON - ylevitanretlA a gniveis enihcam yam eb gniylpitlum yb ,F hcihw yam evah a eulav fo 1.00 + desu dedivorp that ti nac eb nwohs ot evig eht emas 0.20 stluser as eht manual .noitarepo kcehC eht eveis retfa yreve 100 .sgniveis 4.4.2 Checking the Sieve NOTE - Any other checking procedure, such as the optical : etatigA eht elpmas fo memec OL eb detset yb shaking methods described in IS 460 ( Part 3 ) 1985 may be used. All rof 2 nim ni a dereppots raj ot esrepsid .setaremolgga sieves will wear slowly and consequently their sieve factor, F, Wait 2 .nim ritS eht gnitluser redwop yltneg using a will slowly change. naelc yrd dor ni redro ot etubirtsid eht senif tuohguorht 5 EXPRESSION OF RESULTS eht .tnemec trope eht eulav fo R, ot eht tseraen 0. ,tnecrepI as tiF eht yart rednu eht .eveis hgieW yletamixorppa 10 t e eudiser no eht 90 mp eveis rof eht tnemec .detset % g fo eht ecnerefer lairetam ot eht tseraen 0.01 g and ecalp ti ni eht ,eveis gnieb luferac ot diova .ssol yrraC ehT standard noitaived fo eht ytilibataeper is tuoba 0.2 tuo eht gniveis erudecorp as ni 4.4.1 gnidulcni eht tnecrep and fo eht ytilibicudorper is tuoba 0.3 .tnecrep ANNEX A ( Foreword ) COMMITTEE COMPOSITION tnemeC and etercnoC lanoitceS ,eettimmoC CED 2 Chairman Represenfing DR H.C. VISVESVARVA In personal capacity ( University of Roorkee# Roorkee 247 667 ) Members SHRI H. BHATTACHARYA Orissa Cement Limited, New Delhi SHRI G. R. BHARTIKAR B.G. Shirke & Co, Pune DR A. K. CHAITERJEE The Associated Cement Companies Ltd, Bombay SHRI S. H. SUBRAMANIAN( Alternaie ) CHIEF ENGINEER( DESIGN ) Central Public Works Department, New Delhi SUPERI~JTENDMEGN GINEER(, S&S ) ( Alternate ) CHIEFE NGINEERN, AVAGAM DALU( Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam Ltd, Gandhinagar SUPER~NTENDMEGN GINEERQ, CC (Alternate ) CHIEF ENGINEER, RESEARCH-CUM-DIRECTOR Irrigation and Power Research Institute, Amritsar RESEARCHO FFICER, CONCRETET ECHNOLOGY ( Alternate ) DIRECTOR A.P. Engineering Research Laboratories, Hyderabad JOINTD IRECTOR( AItemate ) DIRECTOR(C MDD) ( N&W ) Central Water Commission, New Delhi DEPUTYD IRECTOR( CMDD ) ( NW&S ) ( Alternate ) SHRI K. H. GANGWAL Hyderabad Industries Ltd, Hyderabad SHRI V. P~ABHI ( Alternate ) SHRI V. K. GHANEKAR Structural Engineering Research Centre (CSIR), Ghaziabad ( Continued on page 3 ) 2 IS 4031 (Part 1) : 1996 ( Continued from page 2 ) Members Repnzsenting ehT aidnI stnemeC ,dtL sardaM SHRI s. &PlNATH SHRI .R TAMILAKARAN( Alternate ) SHRI .S .K GUHA THAKURTA nonnaG yelreknuD & oC ,dtL yabmoB ~RHS .S .P SANKARANARAYANA( NA lternate ) lartneC gnidliuB hcraeseR etutitsnI ( RISC ), eekrooR SHRIN . S. BHAL DR IRSHADM ASOOD( Alternate ) RD DAHSRI DOOSAM tnemeC noitaroproC fo ,aidnI weN ihleD SHRI .N .C J~JN( Alternate) JOINT ~orcssrD STANDARDS( B&S )( CB-I ) ,hcraeseR sngiseD & sdradnatS noitazinagrO ( yrtsiniM fo yawliaR ). wonkcuL ROTCERID,,TNIOJ SDRADNATS ( S&B )( II-BC ) ( Alternate ) IRHS .N .G IHSOJ naidnI emuH sepiP oC ,dtL yabmoB IRHS .P .D RAKLEK ( Alternate ) SHR, .D .K KANUNGO lanoitaN Test ,esuoH attuclaC IRHS .B .R ANEEM ( Alternate ) SHRI .P KRISHNAMURTHY nesraL dna orbuoT ,detimiL yabmoB IRHS .S YHTRAVARKAHC ( Alternate ) DR .A .G AVAHDAM OAR larutcurtS gnireenignE hcraeseR ertneC ( RISC ), sardaM IRHS .K INAM (Alternate ) SHRI .G .K MAJIJMDAR latipsoH secivreS ycnatlusnoC noitaroproC )aidnI( ,dtL weN ihleD IRHS .J SARIJP( Alternate ) SHRI ALLUFUP RAMUK yrtsiniM fo ,tropsnarT tnemtrapeD fo ecafruS tropsnarT sdaoR ,gniW IRHS .P P RIAN ( Alternate ) weN ihleD MEMBER SECRETARY lartneC draoB fo noitagirrI dna ,rewoP weN ihleD DIRECTOR( CIVIL ) ( Alternate ) IRHS .S .K ,INAHTAN OS I sfeihC-ni-reenignE ,hcnarB ymrA ,sretrauqdaeH weN ihleD RD .A .S ,LEOG EE etanretlA( ) lartneC daoR hcraeseR etutitsnI ( RISC ), weN ihleD SHRIy . R. PHULL SHRI S. S. SEEHRA( Alternate ) lRhS .R.Y PHULL naidnI sdaoR ,ssergnoC weN ihleD SHRI .K.A AMRAHS ( Alternate ) RD .C RAMUKJAR lanoitaN licnuoC rof tnemeC dna gnidliuB ,slairetaM weN ihleD RD .S .C AHLWALIA ( Alternate ) etarotceriD lareneG fo seilppuS dna ,slasopsiD weN ihleD SHRI G. hMDAS SHRIR . C. &ARM (Alternate ) SHRIS . .A REDDI nommaG aidnI ,dtL yabmoB REPRESENTATIVE s’redliuB noitaicossA fo ,aidnI yabmoB SHRI J. S. SANGANEW lacigoloeG yevruS fo ,aidnI attuclaC SHRI .L .N LAWRAGA ( Alternate ) SHRI S. B. SURl lartneC lioS dna ,slairetaM hcraeseR ,noitatS weN ihleD IRHS .N NARAKESARDNAHC ( Alternate ) SUPERINTENDINEGN GINEER( DESIGN) cilbuP skroW ,tnemtrapeD tnemnrevoG fo limaT ,udaN sardaM EXECUTIVEE NGINEER(S . M. R. DMSION ) (Alternate) SHRI .A .K CHADHA natsudniH baferP ,dtL weN ihleD IRHS .J .R LIS etanretlA( ) RD .H .C AYARAVSEVSIV ehT noitutitsnI fo sreenignE ( aidnI ), attuclaC IRHS .D .C CHATURVED( IA lternate ) SHRIV INOD RAMUK rotceriD ,lareneG SIB ( Ex-officio Member ) rotceriD ( viC ggnE ) MemberSecretary SHRL .K.J DASARP tnioJ rotceriD liviC( ,)ggnE SIB ( Continued on page 4 ) 3 IS 4031 (Part 1) : 1996 ( Continued from page 3 ) noitisopmoC fo ,tnemeC analozzoP and tnemeC sevitiddA ,eettimmocbuS CED 2 : 1 Convener Representing RD .H .C AYARAVSEVSIV nI lanosrep yticapac ( University ofRoorkee, Roorkee 247 667 ) Members .IRHS .B .R ANEEM lanoitaN Test ,esuoH attuclaC LFHS .B .K LADN& ( AJtemate ) IRHS .N .G KASAB etarotceriD lareneG fo lacinhceT ,tnempoleveD weN ihleD UIHS T. RAEHSENDAM etanretlA( ) SHRI H~NMOS EEIRENAB tnemeC s’rerutcafunaM yabmoB,noitaicossA FEIHC ENGINEER ( ROTCERID-MUC-HCRAESER ) noitagirrI tnemnrevoG,tnemtrapeD fo bajnuP HCRAESER RECIFFO ETERCNOC( )YGOLONHCET (Alternate) ROTCERID tarajuG gnireenignE hcraeseR ,etutitsnI adoraB IRHS .J .K LENAP ( Alternate ) ROTCERID arthsarahaM gnireenignE hcraeseR ,etutitsnI kisaN HCRAESER RECIFFO ( Alternate ) ROTCERID DDMLC( II) lartneC retaW ,noissimmoC weN ihleD ,DEPUT~ ROTCERID ( DDMLC II ) ( Alternate ) IRHS .R .K INATIX.G eerhS yajivgiD tnemeC oC ,dtL yabmoB RD .R .K &ID ( AJtemate ) RD .A .K EEJRETU~HC ehT detaicossA tnemeC ynapmoC ,dtL yabmoB IRHS .C .H EGAP ( AJtemate ) DEPUTY ROTCERID ( F&B ) ,hcraeseR sngiseD dna sdradnatS ,noitazinagrO wonkcuL TNATSISSA NGISED ENGINEER ( Alternate ) ~RHS V .K ATHEM ehT natsudniH noitcurtsnoC oC ,dtL yabmoB IRHS .U .B IGNAD ( Alternate ) IRHS .G .K RADMUJAM latipsoH secivreS ycnatlusnoC noitaroproC )aidnI( ,dtL weN ihleD RD DAHSRI DESSAM lartneC gnidliuB hcraeseR etutitsnI ,)RISC( eekrooR IRHS .S .K GRAG ( Alternate ) IRHS .R ~~PAHTIJNUK unhsiV tnemeC ,dtL dabaredyH EXEC~I-I~E ENGINEER lartneC gnisuoheraW ,noitaroproC weN ihleD IRHS .K APPANARAN lartneC yticirtcelE ,ytirohtuA weN ihleD ~RHS .D .P INAMGARLAWEK etanretlA( ) RD .S .C AILAWULHA lanoitaN licnuoC rof tnemeC dna gnidliuB ,slairetaM weN ihleD IRHS .K .H UBAB ( AJtemate ) IRHS .M .K EEJREHKUM daoR ,gniW tnemtrapeD fo ecafruS ,tropsnarT weN ihleD IRHS .N .K AH~S ( AJtemate ) IRHS J .D. IASED tarajuG ajubmA ,tnemeC dabademhA UIHS .B .K -GAJ ( AJtemate ) IRHS .y .R LLUHP lartneC daoR hcraeseR ,etutitsnI weN ihleD IRHS .S .S ARHEES ( Alternate ) aimlaD tnemeC (Bharat) ,dtL weN ihleD DR K. C. NARANG SHRIC . S. SHARMA( Alternate ) ulHS MARuP LAM sfeihC-ni-reenignE ,hcnarB ymrA ,sretrauqdaeH weN ihleD IRHS .K .M RA~BMAN ( AJtemate ) IRHS .S .A REDDI nommaG aidnI ,dtL yabmoB TCEJORP ROTCERID tnemeC noitaroproC fo aidnI ,dtL weN ihleD IRHS .M .P HGNIS noitaredeF fo iniM tnemeC ,stnalP weN ihleD GMDNETJRREPUS ENGINEER ( D ) cilbuP skroW ,tnemtrapeD tnemnrevoG fo Tamil Nadu ROINES DEPIJIY FEIHC ENGINEER ( LARENEG ) etanretlA( ) lRHS .S .B IRUS lartneC lioS L slairetaM hcraeseR ,noitatS weN ihleD IRHS .N NARAKESARDNAHC ( AJtemate ) IRHS .L PIX~AWS assirO tnemeC .dtL weN ihleD IRHS .H EYRAHCATTAHB ( Alternate ) SHRI .D .P ltKAWARKAHC ialihB leetS .tnalP ialihB IRHS NAJAR .C wAH~~~M ( AJtemate ) 4 Bureau of Indian Standards SIB is a yrotutats noitutitsni dehsilbatse rednu eht Bureau oflndian StandardsAct. ot6891 etomorp suoinomrah tnempoleved fo eht seitivitca fo ,noitazidradnats gnikram and ytilauq noitacifitrec fo sdoog and gnidnetta ot detcennoc srettam ni eht .yrtnuoc Copyright SIB has eht thgirypoc fo all its .snoitacilbup oN trap fo eseht snoitacilbup yam eb decudorper ni yna mrof tuohtiw eht roirp noissimrep ni gnitirw fo .SIB sihT seod ton edulcerp eht eerf use, ni eht esruoc fo gnitnemelpmi eht standard, fo yrassecen ,sliated hcus as slobmys and ,sezis epyt ro edarg .snoitangised seiriuqnE gnitaler ot thgirypoc eb desserdda ot eht rotceriD ,)snoitacilbuP( .SIB Review of Indian Standards sthemdnemA era issued ot standards as eht deen sesira no eht basis fo .stnemmoc Standards era osla deweiver ;yllacidoirep a standard gnola htiw stnemdnema is demriffaer nehw hcus weiver setacidni that on segnahc era ;dedeen fi eht weiver setacidni that segnahc era ,dedeen ti is nekat up rof .noisiver sresU fo naidnI Standards dluohs niatrecsa that yeht era ni noissessop fo eht tsetal stnemdnema ro .noitide sihT naidnI dradnatS has neeb depoleved morf toD .oN CED 2 ( 5168 .) Amendments Issued Since Publication dnemA .oN etaD fo eussI txeT detceffA BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS sretrauqdaeH : Manak ,navahB 9 rudahaB Shah rafaZ Marg, weN ihleD 110002 :smargeleT Manaksanstha senohpeleT : 323 01 31,323 94 02, 323 83 75 ( nommoC ot all seciffo ) lanoigeR :seciffO enohpeleT lartneC : Manak ,navahB 9 rudahaB Shah rafaZ Marg 32376 17 WEN IHLED 110002 323 3841 nretsaE : 41/l C. .I .T emehcS IIV M, V. .I .P ,daoR alotkinaM 3378499,3378561 ATTUCLAC 700054 337 86 26,337 86 62 nrehtroN : SC0 ,633-533 rotceS ,A-43 HRAGIDNAHC 160022 60 38 43 60 20 25 I nrehtuoS : C. .I .T Campus, VI ssorC ,daoR MADRAS 600113 235 02 16,235 04 42 235 15 19,235 23 15 nretseW : ,ayalakanaM 9E MIDC, ,loraM irehdnA )tsaE( 8329295,8327858 MUMBAI 400093 1 8327891,8327892 sehcnarB : .DABADAMHA .EROLAGNAB .LAPOHB .RAWHSENABUHB .EROTABMIOC .DABADIRAF .DABAIZAHG .ITAHAWUG .DABAREDYH JAIPUR. .RUPNAK .WONKCUL .ANTAP .MARUPAHTNANAVURIHT i Pnnted at New aidnI gnitnirP Press, Khur~a, aidnI
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