IS 14359: Echo Sounders for Water Depth Measurement - Functional Requirements

12 Pages·1996·1.4 MB·English

by  Bureau of Indian Standards

इंटरनेट मानक
Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information
Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.
“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न’ 5 तरफ”
Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru
“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”
IS 14359 (1996): Echo Sounders for Water Depth Measurement
- Functional Requirements [WRD 1: Hydrometry]
“!ान $ एक न’ भारत का +नम-ण”
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
““IInnvveenntt aa NNeeww IInnddiiaa UUssiinngg KKnnoowwlleeddggee””
“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता हहहहै””ै”
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

IS 95341 : 1996

Indian Standard
ECHO SOUNDERS ROF RETAW DEPTH
TNEMERUSAEM - LANOITCNUF STNEMERIUQER
ICS 17.120.20

O.BIS 1996
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
May 1996 Price Group 3
diulF wolF tnemerusaeM lanoitceS ,eettimmoC RVD 1
FOREWORD
sihT naidnI dradnatS was detpoda yb eht uaeruB fo naidnI Standards, retfa eht tfard dezilanif yb eht diulF
wolF tnemerusaeM lanoitceS eettimmoC had neeb devorppa yb eht reviR yellaV noisiviD .licnuoC
etaruccA tnemerusaem fo htped fo slennahc syalp a yrev tnatropmi elor ni tsomla all lacigolordyh .snoitavresbo
noitceleS fo yna ralucitrap dohtem fo htped tnemerusaem sdneped no htped fo ,wolf yticolev fo tnerruc and
eht dohtem fo egrahcsid .noitavresbo ohcE srednuos ,era fo ,etal gnieb desu ni ynam secalp rof htped
,tnemerusaem yllaiceps nehw eht lennahc htped ni yltneiciffus hgih and yticolev is os hgih that rehto
snaem era ton .elbacitcarp ohcE srednuos era yrev lufesu rof making dipar seliforp fo eht noitces-ssorc fo
eht .lennahc sihT naidnI dradnatS no ohce srednuos rof retaw htped stnemerusaem has neeb deraperp
desab no 0SI 4366 : 1979 ohcE‘ srednuos rof retaw htped ’stnemerusaem and, ,erofereht is yllacinhcet
tnelaviuqe ot eht 0SI .dradnatS
IS 14359 : 1996
Indian Standard
ECHO SOUNDERS ROF RETAW DEPTH
TNEMERUSAEM - LANOITCNUF STNEMERIUQER
1 SCOPE t = eht levart semit fo eht citsuoca ygrene ni s,
and
sihT naidnI dradnatS sedivorp noitamrofni gninrecnoc
eht elpicnirp fo ,noitarepo ecnamrofrep and noitceles c = eht yticolev fo dnuos ni retaw ni m/s.
airetirc rof ohce srednuos desu ni htped stnemerusaem
rof nepo lennahc wolf ( and detaler ) .stnemerusaem 5.2 Gerreral
noitamrofnI no eht scitsiretcarahc fo dnuos noitagaporp
ehT ohce rednuos stsisnoc fo owt :stnemele eht
ni retaw is dedivorp ni xennA A.
cinortcele ylbmessa hcihw yllausu sedulcni eht tuodaer
2 REFERENCE ro gnidrocer ecived and eht citsuoca ylbmessa ro eht
.recudsnart
ehT naidnI dradnatS SI 19 11 : 197 1 yrassolG‘ fo smret
and slobmys desu ni noitcennoc htiw eht tnemerusaem ehT cinortcele yrtiucric setareneg hgih ycneuqerf
fo diuqil wolf htiw a eerf ecafrus (first revision )’ lacirtcele ygrene and sedivorp detaluger bursts fo this
sniatnoc snoisivorp ,hcihw hguorht ecnerefer ni this ygrene ot eht .recudsnart emiT is derusaem morf eht
,txet etutitsnoc snoisivorp fo this standard. At eht emit ecnatsni nehw a burst fo ygrene SI ,desaeler litnu eht
fo ,noitacilbup eht noitide detacidni was .dilav llA nruter signal is deviecer yb eht .recudsnart ehT noitauqe
standards era tcejbus ot ,noisiver and seitrap ot nevig ni 5.1 is devlos and eht htped is deyalpsid ro
stnemeerga desab no this standard era degaruocne ot .dedrocer
etagitsevni eht ytilibissop fo gniylppa eht tsom tnecer
noitide fo eht standard. ehT recudsnart is an citsuocaortcele ylbmessa hcihw
stca as a yaw-owt ygrene noisrevnoc .ecived gniruD
3 TERMINOLOGY noissimsnart ti strevnoc pulses fo lacirtcele ygrene otni
pulses fo cinos ygrene hcihw levart hguorht eht .retaw
3.0 roF eht esoprup fo this standard, eht snoitinifed gniruD ,noitpecer ti seviecer eht sohte fo cinos ygrene
nevig ni SI 119 1 : 197 1 and eht gniwollof shall .ylppa mrof-detcelfer eht deb and strevnoc meht otni lacirtcele
.ygrene
3.1 Tracking Window
An gninepo fo detimil ezis hcihw swollof and 5.3 Flashing Light Dial Type Echo Sounders
yllacitamotua sertnec flesti at eht htped detacidni yb
ehT gnihsalf thgil dial epyt ohce rednuos has a yalpsid
eht last deviecer .ohce fI eht txen ohce sllaf nihtiw eht
ni hcihw a gnimit rotom setator a maeb fo thgil dniheb
,wodniw eht signal is detpecca as ;tcerroc fi ti seod
a ralucric .elacs nehW eht thgil is yltcerid dniheb eht
,ton eht signal is .detcejer ehT esoprup fo a gnikcart
orez- htped ,tniop ti is ylfeirb ;detanimulli and
wodniw is ot neercs tuo suoenorre sgnidaer desuac yb
,yltnerrucnoc eht citsuoca eslup is .desaeler nehW eht
gnitcelfer slairetam ni eht retaw ( ,hsif ,sirbed cte .)
ohce is ,deviecer eht thgil is again ylfeirb ,detanimulli
4 GENERAL gnitacidni eht despale emit and ybereht eht .htped
ehT tra-eht-fo-etats ni ohce srednuos is llew ,decnavda 5.4 eugolanA Recording Echo Sounders
and ohce srednuos evah neeb tup otni daerpsediw esu
ehT tsom nommoc epyt fo eugolana gnidrocer ohce
rof ynam tnereffid .snoitacilppa ,yltneuqesnoC yteirava
rednuos is ralimis ni elpicnirp ot eht gnihsalf thgil
fo dezilaiceps ohce srednuos evah neeb devlove ot tseb
.epyt A gnimit rotom sevird a sulyts at a tnatsnoc deeps
teem eht cificeps stnemeriuqer fo eht .noitacilppa
ssorca a nobrac kcab trahc .repap At eht orez htped
5 PRINCIPLE ,tniop eht sulyts sekam a nrub kram no eht nobrac
kcab trahc repap and, ,yltnerrucnoc eht citsuoca eslup
5.1 ehT ohce rednuos is an citsuocaortcele tnemurtsni is .desaeler nehW eht ohce is ,deviecer eht sulyts sekam
hcihw setacidni eht htped retawfo ( yllautca gnirusaem rehtona nrub kram no eht .repap ehT ecnatsid neewteb
eht ecnatsid morf eht ecaf fo its recudsnart ot eht maerts
owt nrub marks no eht trahc repap stneserper eht retaw
deb ) yb gnirusaem eht despale emit t neewteb eht .htped
noissimsnart fo a burst fo citsuoca ygrene and eht
noitpcccr fo eht ohce morf eht maerts deb ro eht .mottob 5.5 Digital Echo Sounders
htpeD is denimrctcd morf eht :noitauqe
nI eht latigid ohce ,rednuos citsuoca pulses era desaeler
at tes .slavretni nehW an citsuoca eslup is ,desaeler a
retnuoc starts gnitnuoc eht tuptuo eslup fo an .rotallicso
erehw
On tpiecer fo eht ,ohce eht retnuoc spots .gnitnuoc
d = eht ecnatsid morf eht otiecudsnart eht maerts ehT rotallicso ycneuqerf is os nesohc that eht yalpsid
deb ro eht mottob ni ,m fo eht retnuoc sevig eht retaw htped .yltcerid
1
SI 14359 : 1996
ynA lanetam hcus as .hsif .sirbed ro ria selbbub neewteb tI is elbarised that eht maeb htdiw fo an ohce rednuos
eht recudsnart and eht maerts deb dluoc ecudorp an recudsnart eb worran rcf owt :snosaer
suoenorre gnidaer ecnis eht tsrif ohce evoba a nevig
reggirt level spots eht .retnuoc oT tiord protection )a tpurbA segnahc ro peets snoitanilcni ni eht
maerts deb nac eb .detceted A ediw maeb htdiw
from such erroneous readings, it is preferable to provide
a tracking window. hcihw stcejer all signals tpecxe dluow etanimulli a egral aera and eht wol stniop
esoht nihtiw a nevig ecnarelot fo eht gnidecerp .htped in the bed would be marked by the returning
sihT ytluciffid SI ton decneirepxe htiw eht eugolana signals from the higher points which would
gnidrocer rednuos ccms eht ylevitaler keew signals arrive first; and
gnmruter morf hcus ecudorpslairetam nrub marks no
b) ecniS noissimsnart sessol era yrev ,hgth
the chart ,dna ni .noitjda a elbadaer trace for the maerts gnitartnecnoc eht ygrene otni a worran maeb
deb SI .elbaliava tI si elbissop ot rehpiced the record stimrep noitarepo revo a retaerg egnar tuohtiw
wth lanosrep .tncmcgduJ gnidnepxe evissecxe stnuoma fo .rewop
6 SELECTION OF INSTRUMENT ehT citsuoca recudsnart ylnommoc desu ni ohce
srednuos rof htped tnemerusaem ni nepo ,slennahc
stceffE- fo gnitarepO ycneuqerF
-6.1
yolpme cirtceleozeip cimarec discs and eht flah maeb
ehT seicneuqerf ylnommoc desu rof ohce srednuos eil elgna j2la( is dediced yb eht ycneuqerf and eht
m eht egnar morf 5 zHk ot erom than 200 .zHk ehT retemaid fo eht csid gnidrocca ot eht gniwollof
norssrmsnart sessol yllarcncg tcirtser eht segnar fo eht :pihsnoitaler
rehgrh ycncuqcrf ohce srednuos ot 100 m ro less. ohcE
niS 2/(G = 1.22 3JD
srednuos desu ni repeed naeco sretaw ylfausu etarepo
ni eht 20 zHk .egnar shtpeD deretnuocne ni -nepo
erehw
lennahc wolf stnemerusaem era yllausu less than
001 .m ohcE srednuos gnitarepo at rehgih ,:eicneuqerf A = htgnelevaw ni m ( c :- ycneuqerf ,)
.revewoh reffo owt .segatnavda
D = retemaid fo csid ni .m and
)a srecudsnarT dengrsed rof eht rehgih
seicneuqerf evah a reworran maeb ;htdiw and, c = yticolev fo dnuos ni retaw ni m/s.
,erofereht edivorp retteb noitceted and
noitaeniled fo yna tpurba segnahc ni eht 6.3 ‘Qpe of Data Display
.dcbmacrts
6.3.1 Flashing Light Dial Qpe Echo Sounders
)b rehgiH ycneuqerf dnuos is dctcclfer morf eht
ehT gnihsalf thgil metsys no hcus a rednuos seod ton
detadilosnocnu deb lairetam daetsni fo
tneserp a sharp and tcnitsid .yalpsid ytilibadaeR fo
gmtartenep ,ti thus gmvig a ,reprahs erom eseht srednuos is fo eht redro fo 53.OI* m and nac eb
ylraelc denifed tcart roF gnirusaem-wolf
reroop fi noitarebrever is .ereves ehT gnihsalf thgil is
,krow eht pot fo eht detadilosnccnu lairetam
osla tluctffid ot eb deviecrep ni gnorts sunlight.
is eht derised htped .gnidaer
,yllamroN on noisivorp is edam rof gnitcerroc rof
6.2 Effect of Beam Width segnahc ni eht yticolev fo dnuos ni .retaw ehT llarevo

ytniatrecnu nac eb etiuq ,hgih 8* tnecrep plus
ehT maeb htdiw fo a recudsnart is denifed as eht
.ytilibadaer
dedulcni elgna neewteb eht flah rewop stniop ( ees
.giF I ). ehT erugif shows a citamehcs margaid rof esuaceB fo eht ylevitaler wol ,ycarucca gnihsalf thgil
gninimreted maeb htdiw at flah .rewop
dial epyt ohce rednuos ni ton yrotcafsrtas rof tsom data
noitcelloc .sesoprup hcuS ohce srednuos ,nac ,revewoh
eb desu rof yranimilerp syevrus .ylno
6.3.2
Analogue Recording Echo Sounders
ehT sulyts nrub marks fo eht gnidrocer rednuos era
ylevitaler sharpand fi eht elacs fo eht trahc repap is
,etauqeda ytilibadaer nac .doogeb wollahs-roF htped
,srednuos ytilibadaer dluohs eb ~0.15 m ro .retteb
noisivorP rof eht noitcerroc fo segnahc ni eht yticolev
fo dnuos is edam no eht retteb ytilauq gnidrocer ohce
.srednuos and ycarucca nac eb etiuq .hgih dedivorp
reporp snoitarbilac era .edam
6.3.3 latigiD
Echo Sounders
On eht latigid ohce ,rednuos ytilibadaer dluohs eb
.ot& 1 m ro ,retteb as eht cinortcele yrtiucric is elbapac
fo gnitceted eht gnidael egde fo eht citsuoca eslup
2
IS 14359 : 1996
roF eerht digits yalpsid eno lamiced tigid shall eb The derised ycarucca fo htped noitanimreted
.dedivorp saerehw rof ruof digits yalpsid owt lamiced nihtiw eht stimil denoitnem ni 6.4,
digits yam eb ,dedivorp ,hguoht eht tsael tnacifingis
latnemnorivnE ,snoitidnoc and
tigid yam ton eb .elbats
ytilibaliavA fo rewop no eht .taob
As no eht gnidrocer ohce ,srednuos noisivorp is edam sup@y, ifany,
rof yrassecen snoitcerroc rof segnahc ni eht yticolev 7.2
Information to be Specified by the
fo dnuos and. htiw reporp and tneuqerf ,noitarbilac
Manufacturer
ycarucca nac eb yrev .hgih gniwollof noitamrofni dluohs eb deificeps yb eht
The
:rerutcafunam
ehT gnikcart wodniw debircsed ni 5.5 yam eb
yrassecen rof latigid ohce srednuos ecnis eslaf seohce )a ehT ycneuqerf ro seicneuqerf at hcihw eht
rucco .yltneuqerf .revewoH ti is a elbarised erutaef and
tnempiuqe ,setarepo
ton laitnesse as eslaf seohce nac eb detanimile morf
eht seulav .detacidni b) recudsnarT maeb ,htdiw
ehT latigid yalpsid dluohs eb fo diuqil latsyrc yalpsid lc ehT tsael tnuoc rof gnidaer and gnidrocer gnola
)DCL( os that ti is elbadaer ni tcerid ehT.thgilnus htiw epyt fo ,yalpsid
tigld ezis shall eb muminim fo 12 .mm retupmoC
elbitapmoc tuptuo rof laer emit gnidrocer fo data is 4 ehT muminim htped ot hcihw eht ohce rednuos
osla .elbarised lliw ,dnopser
6.4 )e ehT ycarucca fo htped ,noitanimreted
Accuracy
ehT ycarucca fo sgnidaer morf ohce srednuos sdneped 9 noitallatsnI fo eht tnempiuqe htiw lluf
no a rebmun fo .srotcaf esehT srotcaf edulcni ytilibadaer snoitcurtsni yletauqeda ,detartsulli
and snoitarbilac ot tcerroc rof eht segnahc ni yticolev
al lanoitarepO ,erudecorp
fo dnuos and eht htdiw fo eht citsuoca .maeb ehT htdiw
fo eht citsuoca maeb is fo taerg ecnacifingis ni yldipar )h ecnanetniaM ,senituor and
gnignahc deb .seliforp ehT gnitarepo ycneuqerf nac
osla evah a tnacifingis tceffe fi eht deb is edam up fo )j laicepS stnemeriuqer rof lortnoc fo tnempiuqe
detadilosnocnu .lairetam .tnemnorivne
roF eht evoba ,snosaer ti is elbissopmi ot enimreted 7.3 gnisuoH
eht ycarucca fo ohce srednuos rof lareneg .snoitautis
ehT scinortcele and tuodaer ro gnidrocer tinu dluohs
rednU laedi ,snoitautis ycarucca nac hcaorppa eht
eb desuoh ni a foorp-hsalps reniatnoc rof noitcetorp
ytilibadaer serugif nevig ni 6.3. As eht ycarucca
morf yarps and tnemelcni rehtaew .snoitidnoc ehT
deriuqer fo an ohce rednuos yam eb retteb than 1 tnecrep
)s(recudsnart dluohs eb desuoh ni a denilmaerts
fo eht htped ,derusaem eht srotcaf debircsed ni eht
gnitnuom os that ria tnemniartne is dleh ot a .muminim
xenltA A and 7 dluohs eb tpek ni dnim yb eht .resu
7.4 lanoitiddA serutaeF
7 STNEMURTSNI PERFORMANCE AIRETIRC

7.4.1
tI is tnedive morf eht suoiverp sesualc that eno epyt fo Flashing Light Dial Type Echo Sounder

ohce rednuos tonnac teem all lanoitarepo .stnemeriuqer
A ytivitisnes lortnoc dluohs eb dedivorp os that
.eroferehT on elgnis noitacificeps nac eb nettirw rof
stnemtsujda nac eb edam ot ecudorp eht tsom elbadaer
hcus an .tnemurtsni sselehtenoN what nac eb deificeps
noitacidni fo htped rednu gniyrav .snoitidnoc
is eht noitamrofni hcihw a evitcepsorp resu dluohs
evig ot an tnemurtsni rerutcafunam and, ni nruter eht 7.4.2
Recording Echo Sounders
noitamrofni hcihw a rerutcafunam shall ylppus ot eht
,resu ot elbane eht tnempiuqe ot teem as ylraen as 7.4.2.1 Chart readability
elbacitcarp eht s’icsu .stnemeriuqer ehT redrocer tinu dluohs evah a yltneiciffus ediw trahc
os that eht derised ytilibadaer nac eb .deveihca ehT
7.1 Information to be Specified by the User sulyts dluohs ecudorp a ylraelc elbadaer .ecart owT ro
erom elbatceles trahc sdeeps dluohs eb dedivorp os
ehT gniwollof noitamrofni dluohs eb deificeps yb eht
that eht ecart nac eb decudorp at a deeps tsom detius
:resl
rof eht .noitacilppa tI is elbarised that eht redrocer
setacidni ’orez‘ ro eht laitini tniop fo signal
4 ehT egnar fo shtped ot eb ,derusaem
.noissimsnart
b) ehT detapicitna fo~crutan eht maerts ,deb 7.4.2.2
tiewing window
A gniweiv wodniw dluohs eb dedivorp os that eht drocer
c) erehW ,elbissop eht detapicitna erutan and eht
nac eb derotinom htiw eht esac .desolc
tnetxe fo dednepsus rettam ni eht .retaw
)d rehtO srotcaf gnitceffa eht yticolev fo dnuos 7.4.2.3 Depth range selector switch
ni ,retaw hcus as detapicitna ,noitullop ,ytinilas
is yltneuqerf elbarised ot revoc eht eritne htped egnar
.cte It
IS 14359 : 1996
of eht rednuos ni owt ro erom steps ni redro ot niatbo ehT standard noitarbilac dohtem is ot adjust eht
retteb ytilibadaer fo eht .trahc rednuos ot daer a nwonk htped .yltcerroc ,sihT fo
,esruoc is ton a tcerid tnemerusaem fo eht yticolev fo
7.4.2.4 Event marker dnuos tub sehsilpmocca eht .evitcejbo sihT is yllausu
dehsilpmocca yb suspending a latem etalp dehcatta
A kram hctiws dluohs eb detaroprocni os that eht
ot sniahc ro elbac at a nwonk ecnatsid woleb eht
rotarepo nac tresni a ecnerefer kram no eht .drocer
.recudsnart ehT talf ecafrus fo eht etalp dluohs eb
7.4.2.5 lellarap ot eht ecaf fo eht .recudsnart
Sensitivity control
A ytivitisnes lortnoc dluohs eb dedivorp os that segnahc ehT ohce rednuos dluohs eb detarbilac yliad and erom
ni ytivitisnes nac eb edam os as ot ecudorp eht tsom yltneuqerf fi ereht era detcepsus segnahc ni eht retaw
elbadaer ecart as retaw snoitidnoc egnahc ro htped ytisned ro .yticitsale
.segnahc
8.2 Interpretation of Data
7.4.2.6
Tide or draft adjustment
ehT~ eugolana gnidrocer ohce rednuos sedivorp
ehT ohce rednuos dluohs eb deppiuqe htiw a edit ro suounitnoc data rof deliated .sisylana
tfard tnemtsujda .lortnoc hcuS tnemtsujda is ot edivorp
gnidaeR fo eht htped morf eht trahc is yllareneg eht
a snaem fo gnitcerroc rof segnahc nehw eht ohce
yramirp .evitcejbo ecniS eht noitarud fo eht tsrub- fo
rednuos is desu ni ladit .sretaw tI dluohs osla edivorp
cinos ygrene~ is fo a etinif ,emit eht sulyts sekam a
a snaem fo gnitcerroc rof eht ecnatsid yb hcihw eht
daorb kram at eht ’orez‘ ro laitini esaeler .tniop ehT
recudsnart is decalp woleb eht retaw .ecafrus
nruter signal is fo neve regnol noitarud ,esuaceb sediseb
7.4.2.7 Velocity of sound adjustment gnivah eht laitini emit ,noitarud ti is gninruter morf
all secnatsid nihtiw eht detanimulli aera fo eht .deb
A lortnoc shall eb dedivorp rof gnitcerroc rof segnahc ehT htped gnidaer is, ,erofereht deniatbo yb gnidaer
ni eht yticolev fo dnuos ni ,retaw ecnatsid morf eht pot ( gnidael egde ) fo eht ’orez‘
kram ot eht pot fo eht ohce .kram
1.4.3
Digital hstruments
nI noitidda ot eht htped ,noitamrofni eht htdiw and
7.4.3.1 Digital display ytisnetni fo eht ohce kram edivorp emos insight otni
eht epyt fo deb lairetam A ediw ecart setacidni
ehT latigid yalpsid dluohs eb raelc and .tcnitsid tI
detadilosnocnu lairetam elihw a worran and esnetni
dluohs eb dedivorp htiw DCL yalpsid os that eht digits
ecart setacidni a mrif .deb
nac eb daer neve ni gnorts sunlight.
Charts decudorp yb ohce srednuos gnitarepo ni eht
7.4.3.2
Sensifivity contml rewol seicneuqerf ,yam rednu emos etis ,snoitidnoc
A ytivitisnes lortnoc dluohs eb dedivorp os that eht etacidni snoitartenep yltneicllfus ot enifed htob eht
signal nac eb detsujda rof segnahc ni retaw snoitidnoc htped and eht gniylrednu redrah strata.
and .htped
8.3 Precautions
7.4.3.3
Velocity of sound adjustment ohcE srednuos dluohs eb desu htiw noituac erehw eht

A lortnoc dluohs eb dedivorp ot tcerroc rof segnahc ni dednepsus tnemides noitartnecnoc is yltneiciffus hgih
eht yticolev fo dnuos ni .retaw as eno is ton erus that eht nruter signal deviecer is
morf eht deb ro morf eht dednepsus ,tnemides ehT
7.4.3.4 emas is eurt erehw eht tnuoma fo deniartne ria is ,hgih
Tracking window
hcus as nwod eht setuhc and syawllips ro yletaidemmi
A gnikcart wodniw dluohs eb dedivorp ot tcejer all woleb cirtcele-ardyh plants. oF cificeps serugif rof eht
signals tpecxe esoht nihtiw a nevig ecnarelot fo eht evoba sretemarap ,nac ,revewoh eb nevig ecnis
gnidecerp .htped yrotcafsitas noitarepo fo ohce rednuos sdneped nonu
eht gnitarepo ,ycneuqerf eht pu-ekam fo eht ngierof
S USE OF ECHO SOUNDERS lairetam and rehto .srotcaf
8.1 Calibration 9 OPERATIONAL MANUAL
ehT yticolev fo dnuos seirav htiw segnahc ni retaw A ylluf evisneherpmoc lanoitarepo manual, gnivig
ytisned and ,yticitsale hcihw era tnedneped no deliated snoitcurtsni and, erehw ,yrassecen ,snoitar&hli
,erutarepmet ,erusserp dednepsus ,sdilos devlossid shall eb deilppus htiw hcae ohce .rednuos ehT manual
,sdilos .cte ecniS detacidni htped is yltcerid lanoitroporp dluohs edulcni yna ecnanetniam and gnitoohs-elbuort
ot eht yticolev fo ,dnuos eht ohce rednuos shall eb noitamrofni demeed .elbarised A list fo dednemmocer
detarbilac no etis ni redro ot edivorp eht tseb ,stluser eraps parts shall osla eb .dedivorp
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IS 14359 : 1996
ANNEX A
( C&uses 1 and 6.4 )
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND IN WATER
O-A GENERAL ytisned and yticitsale fo eht ,muidem ti yam eb fo
tseretni ot redisnoc emos fo eht srotcaf that ecneulfni
ehT ytilitu fo dnuos ,sevaw ton ylno ni ria tub osla ni .rehtie ehT ytisned fo retaw sesaercni htiw esaercni ni
,retaw stluser morf eht tcaf that yeht era a mrof fo devlossid sdilos and htiw esaercni ni ,erusserp ro htped
ygrene gnivah llew denifed .scitsiretcarahc sihT ygrene woleb eht ;ecafrus and seirav htiw erutarepmet ni hcus
yam eb dellortnoc htiw taerg ycarucca and yam eb a rennam that ti passes hguorht a mumixam eulav at
dettimsnart morf ecalp ot .ecalp esuaceB fo eseht owt tuoba 4°C. ehT yticitsale is detceffa ot a hcum retaerg
,seitreporp ti yam eb desu as a snaem rof gniyrrac lanoitroporp eerged yb eseht eerht srotcaf than is eht
.noitamrofni ;ytisned ,yltneuqesnoc nehw htob yrav eud ot emos
nommoc .esuac eht yticolev fo dnuos sesaercni ro
dnuoS sevaw era yllareneg deifissalc otni eerht
sesaerced as eht yticitsale sesaercni ro .sesaerced
:snoiger seicneuqerf fo less than 50 zH era demret
,cinosbus eht elbidua egnar neewteb 50 and 15 000 ehT yticolev fo dnuos ni hserf retaw seirav morf
zH as ,cinos and eht egnar fo seicneuqerf retaerg than yletamixorppa 1 400 m/s ot ylthgils evoba 1 500 m/s
15 000 zH is demret .cinosartlu ( yletamixorppa an 8 tnecrep noitairav ) revo eht
tneibma retaw erutarepmet egnar ( C’4- ot 135°C )
A-l VELOCITY OF SOUND IN WATER
enO fo eht tsom tnatropmi scitsiretcarahc fo dnuos as Z-A TRANSMISSION OF SOUND IN WATER
deilppa ot ohce srednuos is eht yticolev fo noitagaporp
Of eht citsuoca ygrene ,dettimsnart ylno a noitrop
ni .retaw dnuoS yticolev is tnedneped nopu eht ytisned
sehcaer eht .tegrat ehT redniamer is tsol ni suoirav
and yticitsale fo eht muidem and tnednepedni fo
.snoitcerid sihT ssol ni signal htgnerts detaicossa htiw
.ycneuqerf ehT ytisned is denifed ylpmis as eht mass
noissimsnart fo dnuos ygrene hguorht retaw is dellac
rep tinu .emulov tI is nettirw as:
noitagaporp .ssol tI stsisnoc fo gnidaerps ssol and
p = 7- noitaunetta .ssol
erehw 1.2-A Spreading Loss
p = eht ytisned ni ,3m/gk gnidaerpS ssol is eht noitcuder ni citsuoca ytisnetni
eud ot eht esaercni m acra revo hcihw a nevig citsuoca
m = eht mass fo a nevig emulov ni kg, and ygrene is .detubirtsid
V = eht nevig emulov ni .3m nI eht laedi ,noitautis gnidaerps srucco ni ecnadrocca ’
htiw eht railimaf esrevni erauqs law ,elbacilppa ni
ehT yticitsale fo ,retaw as gnitceffa eht noitagaporp fo
,lareneg ot all smrof fo tnaidar .ygrene gnidaerpS ssol
citsuoca ,sevaw is denifed as eht oitar fo emos nevig is tnednepedni fo .ycneuqerf
egnahc ni erusserp ot eht gniynapmocca lanoitcarf

egnahc ni .emulov suhT ,denifed ti is nwonk 2.2-A Attenuation Loss
yllacificeps as eht emulov yticitsale ro as eht klub
.suludom tI is nettirw as noitaunettA ssol is eht noitcuder ni citsuoca ytisnetni
eud ot eht ecnatsiser fo eht muidem ot eht noissimsnart
=E wp - owp fo citsuoca .ygrene tI is suogolana ot eht ssol dereffus
yb cirtcele ygrene dettimsnart revo a eriw ,enil erehw
erehw ereht is on gnidaerps .ssol noitaunettA ssol is eud ot
eht denibmoc stceffe fo gnirettacs and .noitprosba
E= eht klub suludom ni ,Zm/N noitaunettA ssol seirav yltcerid htiw eht erauqs fo eht
.ycneuqerf
= eht laitini eulav fo eht latot
P WO
citatsordyh erusserp fo eht retaw 1.2.2-A
Scattering
ni ,Zm/N
eht egnahc ni latot citatsordyh anirettacS is eht lanoitcerid gnidaeros vb. eht
P, -P,, =
erusserp ni ,Zm/N gnitagaporp citsuoca ,ygrene desuac yb snoitce&r
morf eht elbaremunni neierof seidob dedneosus ni
v, = eht laitini emulov ni ,3m and eht .retaw esehT :seidob hcihw ’yam edulcni
cipocsorcim ria selbbub and dednepsus etalucitrap
vO-v = eht egnahc ni emulov ni .3m ,rettam llewsa as elbisiv selbbub and dednepsus ,rettam
ehT yticolevnoitagaporp c desserpxe as: tneserp tpurba segnahc ni cificeps citsuoca ,ecnadepmi
gnisuac eht signal ot eb detcelfer and .derettacs
4 E
c= __ 2.2.2-A Absorption
P
ecniS eht yticolev fo dnuos is tnedneped nopu eht noitprosbA is eht ssecorp yb hcihw citsuoca ygrene is

5