IS 13630-10: Ceramic Tiles - Methods of test, Sampling and Basis of Acceptance, Part 10: Determination of frost resistance (see IS 13630 : Parts 1 to 15)

2006·1 MB·English

by  Bureau of Indian Standards

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IS 13630-10 (2006): Ceramic Tiles - Methods of test,
Sampling and Basis of Acceptance, Part 10: Determination of
frost resistance (see IS 13630 : Parts 1 to 15) [CED 5:
Flooring, Wall Finishing and Roofing]
“!ान $ एक न’ भारत का +नम-ण”
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IS13630 (Part10) : 2006

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(
)
Indian Standard
CERAMIC TILES — METHODS OF TEST,
SAMPLING AND BASIS FORACCEPTANCE
( First Revision)
ICS91.100.23
© BIS 2006
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

August 2006 Price Group 2
Flooring,WallFinishingandRoofingSectionalCommittee,CEDS
FOREWORD
ThisIndianStandard(Parts 1to 15)(FirstRevision) wasadoptedbytheBureauofIndianStandards,afterthe
draftfinalizedbytheFlooring,WallFinishingandRoofingSectionalCommitteehadbeenapprovedbytheCivil
EngineeringDivisionCouncil.
Thisstandardwasfirstpublishedinvariouspartsin1992-93. Thisisthefirstrevision;havingallpartscombined
inonepublication, ofthestandardinwhichthefollowingmajorchangeshavebeenincorporated:
a) Asperthedecisiontakeninthelastmeeting,therequirementsofallthepartshavebeenincludedinone
volumeandtherevisedstandardhasbeenbroughtinlinewithISO10545 (variousparts).
b) Therequirements fordeterminationofbulkdensityhavebeenaddedinPart2andafewchangeshave.
beenmadeintherequirementsfordeterminationofwaterabsorption.
c) AfewmodificationshavealsobeenmadeinPart3.
d) RequirementsfordeterminationofbreakingstrengthhavealsobeenaddedinPart6.
e) RequirementsfordeterminationofglazingresistancetestshavealsobeenmodifiedinPart9.
t) Anewtestfordeterminationofimpactresistancebymeasurementofco-efficientofrestitutionhasbeen
addedasPart14.
g) IS13711:1993'Samplingandbasisforacceptance'hasbeenamalgamatedwithPart15ofthisstandard.
Informulation ofthisstandardconsiderableassistancehavebeenderivedfromthefollowingstandards:
ISO10545-1 : 1995 Ceramictiles- Part1:Samplingandbasisforacceptance
ISO10545-2 : 1995 Ceramictiles- Part2 :Determinationofdimensionsandsurfacequality
ISO10545-3 : 1995Ceramictiles- Part3 :Detenninationofwaterabsorption,apparentporosity,apparent
relativedensityandbulkdensity
ISO10545-4:2004Ceramictiles- Part4 :Determinationofmodulusofruptureandbreakingstrength
ISO10545-5 : 1996Ceramictiles- Part5:Determinationofimpactresistancebymeasurementofcoefficient
ofrestitution
ISO10545-6: 1995Ceramictiles- Part6 :Determinationofresistancetodeepabrasionforunglazedtiles
ISO10545-7 : 1996Ceramictiles- Part7 :Determinationofresistancetosurfaceabrasionforglazedtiles
ISO10545-8 : 1994 Ceramictiles- Part8:Determinationoflinearthermalexpansion
ISO10545-9:2004Ceramictiles- Part9 :Determinationofresistancetothermalshock
ISO10545-10: 1995 Ceramictiles- Part10:Detenninationofmoistureexpansion
ISO10545-11 : 1994 Ceramictiles- Part11:Determinationofcrazingresistanceforglazedtiles
ISO10545·12: 1995Ceramictiles- Part12:Determinationofftostresistance
ISO10545-13 : 1995 Ceramictiles- Part13:Determinationofchemicalresistance
ISO10545-14: I99SCeramictiles- Part14:Determinationofresistancetostains
ISO13006 : 1998Ceramictiles- Definitions,classification,characteristicsandmarking
Forthepurposeofdecidingwhetheraparticularrequirementofthisstandardiscompliedwith,thefmalvalue,
observed or calculated, expressing the result ofa test or analysis, shall berounded off in accordance
withIS2.: 1960 'Rulesforroundingoffnumericalvalues(revised)'.Thenumberofsignificantplacesretainedin
theroundedoffvalueshouldbethesameasthatofthespecifiedvalueinthisstandard.

•
IS 13630 (Part 10) :2006
Indian Standard
CERAMIC TILES - METHODS OF TEST,
SAMPLING AND BASIS FOR ACCEPTANCE
PART 10 DETERMINATION OF FROST RESISTANCE
( First Revision)
1 SCOPE NOTE- Iftiles with defects such ascracks, crazing, holes,
nipped edges and nipped comers have to be tested then the
This standard (Part 10) covers a method oftest for defectsshallbemarkedwithapermanentstainpriortothetest
evaluating the frost resistance of all ceramic tiles andthesedefectsshallbeexamined aftertesting.
intendedforuseinconditionsoffrostinthepresence
4.2 Preparation
ofwater.
Drythe tiles inthe oven at 110± 5°C until constant
2 PRINCIPLE
massisreached,that is,whenthedifferencebetween
Afterimpregnationwithwatertilesarecycledbetween twosuccessiveweighingatintervalsof24hislessthan
+15°and -15°C. All sides oftiles are exposed to 0.1percent.Recordthedrymassofeachtile(M).
I
freezingduring50freeze-thawcycles.
S IMPREGNATIONWITHWATER
3 APPARATUS
5.1 ProgressiveWaterImpregnationbyCapillarity
3.1 DryingOven,capableofoperationat110±SoC. WhatevertheWaterAbsorption
3.2 Balance,weighingto0.1percentofthemassofa 5.1.1 Placethetilesverticallyinthecontainerwithno
testspecimen. contactbetweenthemandnocontactwiththecontainer
sothatonelonesideshallbestandingonthesupports.
3.3 Container, for impregnation by capillarity or
immersionwithstablehorizontalsupports. 5.1.2 Addwatertothelevelofone-fifthoftheheightof
thetiles.Addadditionalquantitiesofwateratsubsequent
3.4 Apparatus for impregnation with water after
24hintervalssothatafurtherone-fifthoftheheightshall
evacuation by means of a vacuum pump capable of
beimmersedeach24 hwiththefifthandfinaladdition
loweringthan air pressure by40± 2.6 kPa ina tank ofwateraddsufficienttoimmersethetilesundera50mm
containingtiles.
headofwater.Afterthefifthdayallowthetilestoremain
3.5 Afreezercapableoffreezingatleasttentileshaving underwaterforafurtherperiodof2dayssothatthey
a minimumtotal area of 0.25m2supportedin sucha shallbefullyimmersedfor3days.
mannerthatthetilesshallbeseparated.Thefreezershall 5.1.3 Preparechamoisleatherbywettingandwringing
be capable of reducingthe temperatureto-15± 3°C outbyhand.Placethechamoisleatheronaflatsurface
in2 h, ifthe freezerisautomateditshallcomplywith andlightlydryeachsideofeachtileintum. Dabrelief
thefreeze-thawcyclingconditions.Thetemperatureshall
surfacewithchamoisleather.
beasuniformaspossibleinthefreezeranditshallhave
air circulation(measured intheemptyfreezer)witha 5.1.4 Weigheachtileimmediatelyafterthisprocedure.
maximumairvelocityof4m/s, 5.J.5 Recordthewetmassofeachtile(M ).
2
3.6 Chamois Leather
5.2 Water Impreanation atAtmospheric Pressure
3.7 Demineralized water, if water hardness less forTileswithWaterAbsorptionS6Percent
than 400 mg/l CaC0 (or equivalent hard
3+MgC03 5.2.1 Placethetilesverticallyinthecontainerwithno
watersalts)at 15°to25°Cisnotavailable.
contactbetweenthemandnocontactwiththecontainer
sothatoneloneBideshallbestandingonthesupports.
4 TESTSPECIMENS
Addwaterso as to completelyimmersethe tiles and
4.1 Sample allowtostandfor24 h.
Aminimumareaof0.25m2andnotlessthan10whole 5.2.2 Lightlydry the surface ofeach tile with damp
tilesshallbeused.Thetilesshallbefreefromdust. chamoisleatherusingprocedure given in5.1. Weigh
24
IS13630(part10):2006
eachtile.Repeatthisprocedureofnaturalimmersion M. drymassofeachtile,and
::&
forfurtherperiodsof24heachuntilthechangeinmal M wet massofeachtile.
betweentwosuccessiveweighingshallbelessthan0.1 2 =-:
percentoftotalmass.Thereshanbeaminimumtime 6 PROCEDURE
ofimme.~ionof3days. 6.1 Selecttheappropriateimpregnationmethod.The
referencemethodtobeusedforarbitrationshallbethe
5.2.3 Recordthewetmassofeachtile(M).
2 method of progressive water impregnation by
5.3 Water Imp....n.tioD by EvaeuatloD for Til. capillarity.
with WaterAbsorption>6Percent
6.2 Selectoneofthethickesttilesthatareundertest.
5.3.1 Placethetilesverticallyinthedryvacuumtank Itshallbeoneconsideredtohaverepressiveproperties
withnocontactbetweenthemandnocontactwiththe ofthattestsample. Drilla3mmdiameterholefrom
vacuum tank. Connect to the vacuum pump and the centre ofone edge to a maximum distance of
evacuate to a pressure of 40 ± 2.6 kPa below 40 mmfromtheedgeofthetile. Insertthermocouple
atmospheric pressure and maintain the pressure for orothersuitable measuringdevice andseal thehole
30min.bring the water into the tank containingthe withatinypieceofthermallyinsulatingmaterial(for
tileswhilstmaintainingthispressureandcoverthetiles example,extended polystyrene). If it isnotpossible
byat leastSOmmheadofwater.Thisoperationshall to drill a hole in this way,place a thermocoupleon
take 30 min maintain the evacuation at the same thecenter ofeach faceofatile andadhereasecond
pressure for a further 30 min and then restore tileoverthis.
atmosphericpressure.Leavethe tilesunderwaterfor 6.3 Placeallthetilesundertestinthefreezerinsuch
Ihbeforeremovingthem. waythatthere isair space betweeneachoneandair
flowoverallsurfaces.Placethetilewiththermocouple
5.3.2 Lightlydry the surface ofeach tile withdamp
inthe middleofthetestsamples.Thetemperatureof
chamoisleatherusingtheproceduregivenin5.1.
thethermocoupledefinesthetemperatureoftheentire
5.3.3 Recordthewetmassofeachtile.
tileundertest.Onlyinthecaseofrepeatedtestswith
5.4 Calculation ofWaterContent similar test specimenscan this beomitted and then
occasionalcheckshallbe madewitha thermocouple
Thewatercontentexpressedasapercentage(bymass) ina tile. Whenthere isno temperaturereferencetile
isdeterminedfrom: theairtemperatureshallbemeasured.Alltemperature
,) measurements shall be accurate to± O.5°C. Ideally
We. = (M2-M x100 testingshallthenbeproceededbyautomatedfreeze
M.
thawcycling.Whetherautomatedornotthetemperature
where
timerelationshipshallbewithintherangedefinedin
We, = watercontentbymass(percent), Fig.1.
3h4Omln 8h
18
r-
I
I
I
I
I
·12
·15
·18
1h40mln

FIG. 1 SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATIONOFTEMPERATURECURVE
25
IS 13630(Part 10) :2006
The freezer can be controlled by means ofthe air 6.5 Examinethe glazed or proper surfacesand the
temperaturebutFig.1referstothetemperatureinthe edgesof the tiles by the nakedeye,withthe aid of
tiles undertest. The ideal freeze-thawcycle inthe tile spectacleifusuallyworn,afterSOcycles.Theymaybe
isindicatedbydottedlineandactualfreeze-thawcycle examined at the intermediate stages to expedite the
shallbe withinthezonedelineatedbythe twoother reportingifthereisareasontobelievethattheymight
line.Thecycleshallbecompletedafter6 h. sustaindamage relativelyearlyinthetest.Recordall
damage that is observed on the glazed or proper
6.4 Immersethe tiles in water at +15± 3°C drain
surfacesandthe edgesofthe tiles.
the water before reaching SoC. The temperature
shallbereduced to -15:I:3°e in 2h:l:20min from 7 TESTREPORT
commencementofthecycling.Adequateprovisionshall
bemadetopreventevaporationofwaterduringcooling Thetestreportshallcontainthefollowing:
ifthewaterisdrainedatatemperatureaboveSOCkeep
a) Identificationofthetile;
thetilesat1S:l::3°efor2h±20minandthenintroduce
waterat+IS::i::3°eandmaintain thisfor2h±20min b) Numberoftilesinthetestsample;
repeatthe cyclingprocedure SO times, as shownin c) Method used to impregnate the tiles with
Fig.2weighthetilesaftertest(M ) andthendry them . water;
3
toconstantmass(M ).Thefmalwate:-contentexpressed d) Watercontentobtainedbeforethefreeze-thaw
4
asapercentage(bymass)isdeterminedfrom: test;
e) Watercontentobtainedafterthefreeze-thaw
"rvc2 _- (MJM-M4) X100 test;
4
f) Descriptionofdefectsbeforethetestandall
where
damageontheglazedorpropersurfacesand
WC =finalwatercontentbymass(percent), theedgesofthetilesafterthefreeze-thawtest;
2
M] = wetmassofeachtileafterthetest,and and
M = drymassofeachtileafterthetest. g) NumberofdamagedtilesafterSOcycles.
4
REPEATEDTOATOTALOF50CYCLES
FIG. 2 SCHEMATICDIAGRAM OFTHEFREEZE-THAW CYCLES

26
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This IndianStandardhasbeendevelopedfromDoc:No. CEOS(73S8 to7372).
Amendments IssuedSincePublication
AmendNo. DateofIssue TextAffected
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