Iran and the International System PDF
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Iran and the International System MuchattentionintheWesthasfocusedonIranasaproblemcountry—apotential nuclearthreat,seenbyGeorgeW.Bushaspartofthe“axisofevil”andbyBarack Obama as a top priority for serious diplomatic engagement at the very highest levels.ThisbookchallengestherepresentationsofIranasahostileregionalpower led by ideologues, and goes further by discussing how international relations are viewedfrominsideIranitself,outliningthefactorsthatunderpinIranianthinking oninternationalrelationsandconsideringwhatroleIran,asalargeandsignificant country in the Middle East, ought to play in a fairly constructed international system. Thebookiswrittenbyleadingscholarsandpolicymakersfrominside,aswellas from outside, Iran and includes academics with unparalleled access and insights into the world-views of the Iranian leadership. Subjects covered include the rationale of Iran’s Islamic constitution, including its electoral system, and the impact this has on international relations; Iran’s view of the ideal international system, including the place therein of ethics, justice, and security; Iran’s interna- tionalinterests,includingenergyneeds;andrelationswiththeWest,includingthe clashbetweenIranianandWesternviewsoftheworldorder. Anoushiravan Ehteshami is Dean of Internationalisation, Professor of International Relations, and was founding Head of the School of Government and International Affairs at Durham University, UK. His most recent books pub- lishedbyRoutledgeincludeGeopoliticsandGlobalizationintheMiddleEast:Old Games,NewRulesandTheMiddleEast’sRelationswithAsiaandRussia. RezaMolavireceivedhisPh.D.fromDurhamUniversityandrecentlyactedasthe ExecutiveDirectoroftheCentreforIranianStudies,DurhamUniversity,UK. Durham Modern Middle East and Islamic World Series Edited by A. Ehteshami UniversityofDurham EconomicDevelopmentinSaudiArabia R.Wilson,withA.Al-Salamah,M.MalikandA.Al-Rajhi IslamEncounteringGlobalisation EditedbyA.Mohammadi China’sRelationswithArabiaandtheGulf,1949–1999 M.BinHuwaidin GoodGovernanceintheMiddleEastOilMonarchies EditedbyT.P.NajemandM.Hetherington TheMiddleEast’sRelationswithAsiaandRussia EditedbyH.CarterandA.Ehteshami IsraeliPoliticsandtheMiddleEastPeaceProcess,1988–2002 H.A.Barari TheCommunistMovementintheArabWorld T.Y.Ismael Oman–TheIslamicDemocraticTradition H.Ghubash TheSecretIsraeli–PalestinianNegotiationsinOslo Theirsuccessandwhytheprocessultimatelyfailed S.Behrendt GlobalizationandGeopoliticsintheMiddleEast Oldgames,newrules A.Ehteshami Iran–EuropeRelations Challengesandopportunities S.H.Mousavian IslandsandInternationalPoliticsinthePersianGulf TheAbuMusaandTunbsinstrategicperspective K.Ahmadi MonetaryUnionintheGulf ProspectsforasinglecurrencyintheArabianPeninsula E.Rutledge ContestedSudan Thepoliticaleconomyofwarandreconstruction I.Elnur PalestinianPoliticsandtheMiddleEastPeaceProcess ConsensusandcompetitioninthePalestiniannegotiationteam G.Khatib IslamintheEyesoftheWest Imagesandrealitiesinanageofterror EditedbyT.Y.IsmaelandA.Rippin IslamistExtremisminKuwait FromtheMuslimBrotherhoodtoAl-QaedaandotherIslamistpoliticalgroups F.A.al-Mdaires Iraq,DemocracyandtheFutureoftheMuslimWorld EditedbyA.PayaandJ.Esposito IslamicEntrepreneurship RasemN.KayedandM.KabirHassan IranandtheInternationalSystem EditedbyA.EhteshamiandR.Molavi TheInternationalPoliticsoftheRedSea A.EhteshamiandE.C.Murphy Iran and the International System Edited by Anoushiravan Ehteshami and Reza Molavi Thiseditionpublished2012 byRoutledge 2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,Oxon,OX144RN SimultaneouslypublishedintheUSAandCanada byRoutledge 711ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10017 RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness ©2012AnoushiravanEhteshamiandRezaMolaviforselectionandeditorialmaterial. Individualchapters,thecontributors. Therightoftheeditorstobeidentifiedastheauthorsoftheeditorialmaterial, andofthecontributorsasauthorsoftheirindividualchapters,hasbeen assertedinaccordancewithsections77and78ofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedor utilisedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,now knownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orin anyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwriting fromthepublishers. Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksorregistered trademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationandexplanationwithoutintent toinfringe. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Iranandtheinternationalsystem/editedbyAnoushiravanEhteshamiandRezaMolavi. p.cm.--(DurhammodernMiddleEastandIslamicworldseries;20) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. (ebook)1.Iran--Foreignrelations--1997-I.Ehteshami,Anoushiravan.II.Molavi,Reza. JZ1680.I732011 327.55--dc22 2011000312 ISBN:978-0-415-55966-9(hbk) ISBN:978-0-203-80913-6(ebk) TypesetinTimesNewRoman byIntegraSoftwareServicesPvt.Ltd,Pondicherry,India Contents Listoffiguresandtables ix Notesoncontributors xi Editors’acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 AnoushiravanEhteshamiandRezaMolavi 1 Iran’sreligiousfundamentsandprinciplesin interactionwiththeinternationalsystem 3 AliAkbarAlikhani 2 PoliticalrationalityoftheIslamicRepublicofIranin comparisonwithcontemporaryfundamentalism 33 MortezaBahrani 3 TheIslamicRepublicofIranandtheidealinternational system 43 DehghaniFirooz-Abadi 4 Peaceandsecurityintheinternationalsystem: anIranianapproach 59 AsgharEftekhary 5 TheIslamicrepublicofIranandtheinternational system:clashwiththedominationparadigm 71 ManouchehrMohammadi 6 TransnationalcultureandinternationalrelationsofIran 90 MohammadJavadNateghpour viii Contents 7 TwodifferentfacesofIran–Westrelations:incompatibility ofofficiallevelswitheverydaylife 108 VahidShalchi 8 DomesticpoliticsandforeignpolicyincontemporaryIran 121 AnoushiravanEhteshami 9 Foreignpolicyassocialconstruction 130 HosseinSalimi 10 Discourseandviolence:thefriend–enemyconjunctionin contemporaryIranian–Americanrelations 150 ArshinAdib-Moghaddam 11 EnergysecurityandIran’sroleininternationalrelations 168 PaulRogers 12 TheimpactofIran’stenthpresidentialelectionsonits relationswiththeEUandMediterraneanstates 175 MahboubehSadeghinia 13 The2009Iranianpresidentialelectionsincomparative perspective 192 LucianoZaccara 14 Concludingthoughts 207 NadirGohari Selectbibliography 212 Index 218 Figures and tables Figures 1.1 Intersectiontheoryininternationalrelations 24 4.1 Structureofinternationalpeaceandsecurity: theAmericanscenarioaxesofconflict 61 4.2 Structureofinternationalpeaceandsecurity: theEuropeanscenario 63 5.1 Theformationoftheclashwithdominationparadigm intwocamps 83 9.1 Whatisyouropinionofthenumberofreligiouspeople inthefutureofIraniansociety? 136 9.2 Worldpublicopinion,‘IraniansandAmericans BelieveIslamandWestCanFindCommonGround’ 138 9.3 StepsforimprovingUS–Iranrelations 139 9.4 Cooperationorconfrontation? 140 9.5 Thepriorityofnationalinterestinrevolutionarygoals 140 9.6 Theimpactofhumanrightsontheinternational positionofIran 141 9.7 ViewsofIraniandiplomatsandMinistry ofForeignAffairs’staffonforeignpolicy,2007 141 9.8 Reformistcamp 143 9.9 Technocratpragmatistcamp 143 9.10 Moderateconservativecamp 144 13.1 TheIranianpoliticalsystem 193 13.2 MaincharacteristicsoftheIranianelectoralsystem 196 13.3 TurnoutintheIranianelections,1979–2009 197 Tables 4.1 Role:toprovideexecutiveguarantees 65 7.1 Universalism/particularity 115 7.2 Binaries’oppositionindicatingdifferentreactionsshown totheWestbyIraniansattwolevels 117 x Listoffiguresandtables 9.1 Iranianviewsofsecularism,2000 136 9.2 Iranianviewsofworldaffairs 137 11.1 Worldoilreserves(billionbarrels) 169 11.2 Worldnaturalgasreserves,2008(trillioncubicmetres) 169 11.3 Worldnaturalgasreserves,2008(percentageoftotal) 169 13.1 Opinionpollsinthepresidentialelections,2009 203
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