IP-Based Next-Generation Wireless Networks: Systems, Architectures, and Protocols

438 Pages·2003·7.848 MB·English

by  Jyh-Cheng Chen, Tao Zhang

IP-Based Next-Generation
Wireless Networks

IP-Based Next-Generation
Wireless Networks
Systems, Architectures, and Protocols
Jyh-Cheng Chen
National Tsing Hua University
Tao Zhang
TelcordiaTechnologies
A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Chen,Jyh-Cheng
IP-basednext-generationwirelessnetworks:systems,architectures,
andprotocols/Jyh-ChengChenandTaoZhang.
p. cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0-471-23526-1(Cloth)
1.WirelessLANs.I.Zhang,TaoII.Title.
TK5105.78.C492004
004.608—dc21
2003012945
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Foreword / ix
Preface / xi
Acronyms / xv
1 Introduction / 1
1.1 Evolution ofWireless Networks / 2
1.1.1 Wireless Local Area Networks / 4
1.1.2 Public Wide-AreaWireless Networks / 6
1.2 Evolution ofPublicMobile Services / 13
1.2.1 First Wave ofMobile Data Services:Text-Based Instant
Messaging / 14
1.2.2 Second Wave ofMobile Data Services: Low-Speed Mobile
Internet Services / 15
1.2.3 Current Wave ofMobile Data Services: High-Speed and
Multimedia Mobile Internet Services / 17
1.3 Motivations for IP-BasedWireless Networks / 19
1.4 3GPP, 3GPP2, andIETF / 22
1.4.1 3GPP / 22
1.4.2 3GPP2 / 24
1.4.3 IETF / 27
1.5 Organization ofthe Book / 29
References / 29
2 Wireless IP Network Architectures / 33
2.1 3GPP Packet Data Networks / 33
2.1.1 Network Architecture / 34
v
vi CONTENTS
2.1.2 Protocol Reference Model / 41
2.1.3 Packet Data Protocols, Bearers,and Connections for Packet
Services / 45
2.1.4 Packet Data Protocol (PDP)Context / 48
2.1.5 Steps for a Mobile to Access 3GPP Packet-Switched
Services / 50
2.1.6 User Packet Routing and Transport / 52
2.1.7 Configuring PDPAddresses onMobile Stations / 55
2.1.8 GPRS Attach Procedure / 56
2.1.9 PDP Context Activationand Modification / 59
2.1.10 Radio Access BearerAssignment / 66
2.1.11 Packet-Switched Domain Protocol Stacks / 67
2.1.12 AccessingIP Networks through PS Domain / 78
2.2 3GPP2 Packet Data Networks / 87
2.2.1 3GPP2 Network Architecture / 87
2.2.2 3GPP2 Packet Data NetworkArchitecture / 89
2.2.3 Protocol Reference Model / 93
2.2.4 Access to3GPP2 Packet Data Network / 95
2.2.5 User Packet Routing and Transport / 97
2.2.6 Protocol Stacks for Packet Data Services / 98
2.3 MWIF All-IP Mobile Networks / 106
2.3.1 Network Architectures / 107
2.3.2 Access toMWIF Networks / 111
2.3.3 Session Management / 113
References / 118
3 IP Multimedia Subsystems and Application-LevelSignaling / 121
3.1 Signaling inIP Networks / 121
3.1.1 Session InitiationProtocol (SIP) / 122
3.1.2 Session DescriptionProtocol (SDP) / 134
3.2 3GPPIP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) / 136
3.2.1 IMSArchitecture / 136
3.2.2 Mobile Station Addressingfor Accessing the IMS / 139
3.2.3 Reference Interfaces / 139
3.2.4 Service Architecture / 140
3.2.5 Registration with the IMS / 143
3.2.6 Deregistration with the IMS / 146
3.2.7 End-to-End Signaling Flows for Session Control / 149
3.3 3GPP2 IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) / 154
References / 158
4 MobilityManagement / 161
4.1 Basic Issues inMobility Management / 161
CONTENTS vii
4.1.1 Impact ofNaming andAddressing onMobility
Management / 163
4.1.2 Location Management / 164
4.1.3 Packet Delivery toMobile Destinations / 169
4.1.4 Handoffs / 172
4.1.5 Roaming / 174
4.2 Mobility Management in IPNetworks / 176
4.2.1 Naming and AddressingofIP Terminals / 177
4.2.2 Mobile IPv4 / 178
4.2.3 MIPv4 Regional Registration / 200
4.2.4 Paging Extensions toMobile IPv4 / 203
4.2.5 Mobile IPv6 / 205
4.2.6 SIP-BasedMobility Management / 218
4.2.7 Cellular IP / 225
4.2.8 HAWAII / 230
4.3 Mobility Management in 3GPPPacket Networks / 239
4.3.1 Packet Mobility Management (PMM)Contextand States / 241
4.3.2 Location Management for Packet-Switched Services / 245
4.3.3 Routing Area Update / 248
4.3.4 Serving RNS Relocation / 254
4.3.5 Hard Handoffs / 258
4.3.6 Paging Initiatedby Packet-Switched Core Network / 261
4.3.7 Service Request Procedure / 262
4.3.8 Handoffand Roaming Between 3GPPand Wireless LANs / 264
4.4 Mobility Management in 3GPP2 Packet Data Networks / 268
4.4.1 Packet Data ServiceStates / 271
4.4.2 Location Management for Packet Data Services / 272
4.4.3 Handoffsfor SupportingPacket Data Services / 273
4.4.4 Fast Inter-PDSN Handoff / 283
4.4.5 Paging and Sending User Data to aDormantMobile / 288
4.5 Mobility Management in MWIF Networks / 291
4.5.1 Handoffs / 293
4.6 Comparison ofMobility Management in IP,3GPP, and 3GPP2
Networks / 294
References / 298
5 Security / 303
5.1 Introduction / 303
5.1.1 Different Facets ofSecurity / 303
5.1.2 Security Attacks / 304
5.1.3 Cryptography / 305
5.1.4 Public-Key Infrastructure (PKI) / 310
5.2 Internet Security / 310
5.2.1 IPSecurity (IPsec) / 311
viii CONTENTS
5.2.2 Authentication, Authorization, andAccounting(AAA) / 323
5.3 Security inWireless Networks / 328
5.4 Security inIS-41 / 331
5.4.1 Secret Keys / 332
5.4.2 Authentication / 334
5.4.3 Privacy / 335
5.5 Security inGSM / 336
5.6 Security inGPRS / 338
5.7 Security in3GPP / 339
5.7.1 SecurityPrinciples / 339
5.7.2 SecurityArchitecture / 341
5.7.3 Network Access Security / 342
5.7.4 Network Domain Security / 349
5.7.5 Summary / 351
5.8 Security in3GPP2 / 352
5.8.1 Network Access Security / 353
5.8.2 Network Domain Security / 358
References / 360
6 Quality of Service / 367
6.1 Internet QoS / 367
6.1.1 Integrated Services (Int-Serv) / 368
6.1.2 Differentiated Services (Diff-Serv) / 370
6.1.3 Comparison ofInt-Serv andDiff-Serv / 376
6.1.4 Policy-Based QoSManagement / 377
6.2 QoSChallenges inWireless IPNetworks / 379
6.3 QoSin3GPP / 380
6.3.1 UMTS QoSArchitecture / 380
6.3.2 UMTS QoSManagement / 382
6.3.3 UMTS QoSClasses / 384
6.3.4 QoSAttributes (QoSProfile) / 384
6.3.5 Management of End-to-End IPQoS / 388
6.4 QoSin3GPP2 / 394
6.4.1 3GPP2 QoSArchitecture / 395
6.4.2 3GPP2 QoSManagement / 398
6.4.3 3GPP2 QoSClasses / 400
6.4.4 QoSAttributes (QoSProfile) / 401
6.4.5 Management of End-to-End IPQoS / 401
References / 404
Index / 407
Foreword
Twotechnologiesthathaveprofoundlyimpactedpeopleonthisplanetrecentlyare
cellular telephonyandthe Internet. The former,with itstremendousadvantagesof
tetherless and ubiquitous communication capabilities, was accepted worldwide. It
met the expectations of a success story for wealthy nations. On the other hand, its
reach into the developing and the not-so-prosperous parts of the world was even
moreprofound.Thesepartsoftheworlddidnothavetheinfrastructureforproviding
PSTN services for the vast majority of the population, for the obvious reason that
tremendous investment was needed. At the end of the twentieth century, the
demographicsofthemostpopulousnationsoftheworldchanged,withatilttowards
alargemiddle-classpopulationthatcouldaffordtheluxuryofatelephoneinevery
household. This need was a big impetus for the growth of the cellular telephony
worldwide.
The second most important technology with a global appeal is the Internet.
Personal Computers (PCs), laptops, personal digital assistants, and even cellular
phones can be connected to the Internet. The Internet has touched almost every
segment of the population on the face of this planet with applications (besides
worldwideemail)inbusiness,education,healthcare,andmanufacturing,tonamea
few.
Cellulartelephonenetworkscouldbeeithercircuitswitchedorpacketswitched.
TheformercouldbeviewedaswirelessversionsofthetraditionalPSTNwithvoice
telephony being the primary application. The latter are wireless extensions to the
Internetandhencearesuitableformobiledatanetworking.Suchcellularnetworks
adoptthewell-knownInternetProtocol(IP)fornetworkingandcanbeexploitedfor
providing mobilemultimedia services.
This book, IP-Based Next-Generation Wireless Networks, by Jyh-Cheng Chen
and Tao Zhang, deals with wireless IP networking architectures, protocols, and
ix