Introductory chemistry : an active learning approach PDF
Preview Introductory chemistry : an active learning approach
Introductory Chemistry SEVENTH EDITION An Active Learning Approach Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Introductory Chemistry SEVENTH EDITION An Active Learning Approach Mark S. Cracolice University of Montana Edward I. Peters Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product text may not be available in the eBook version. Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Introductory Chemistry: An Active L earning © 2021, 2016 Cengage Learning, Inc. Approach, Seventh Edition Unless otherwise noted, all content is © Cengage. Mark S. Cracolice, Edward I. Peters WCN: 02-300 SVP, Higher Education & Skills Product: ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein Erin Joyner may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, except as VP, Product Management: Thais Alencar permitted by U.S. copyright law, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Product Manager: Katherine Caudill-Rios Product Assistant: Nellie Mitchell Director, Learning Design: Rebecca von Gillern For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Senior Manager, Learning Design: Melissa Parkin Cengage Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706 or support.cengage.com. Learning Designer: Peter McGahey Marketing Director: Janet del Mundo For permission to use material from this text or product, Marketing Manager: Timothy Cali submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions. Content Creation Manager: Andrea Wagner Senior Content Manager: Meaghan Tomaso Library of Congress Control Number: 2019917479 Digital Delivery Lead: Beth McCracken Student Edition Art Designer: Lizz Anderson ISBN: 978-0-357-36366-9 Text Designer: Lizz Anderson Loose-leaf Edition Cover Designer: Lizz Anderson ISBN: 978-0-357-36391-1 Cover image(s): Cengage Background Image: Antenna/fStop/Getty Images 200 Pier 4 Boulevard Molecule illustrations: Cengage/Dragonfly Boston, MA 02210 Media Group USA Interior Images: Cengage is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with Stubby well used pencil - Lucidio Studio Inc/ employees residing in nearly 40 different countries and sales in more Getty images than 125 countries around the world. Find your local representative at www.cengage.com. Confused student facing chalkboard in a classroom by himself - PNC/Stockbyte/ Cengage products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. Getty Images To learn more about Cengage platforms and services, register or access Periodic table of elements and salt - your online learning solution, or purchase materials for your course, Tetra Images/Getty Images visit www.cengage.com. Notice to the Reader Publisher does not warrant or guarantee any of the products described herein or perform any independent analysis in connection with any of the product information contained herein. Publisher does not assume, and expressly disclaims, any obligation to obtain and include information other than that provided to it by the manufacturer. The reader is expressly warned to consider and adopt all safety precautions that might be indicated by the activities described herein and to avoid all potential hazards. By following the instructions contained herein, the reader willingly assumes all risks in connection with such instructions. The publisher makes no representations or warranties of any kind, including but not limited to, the warranties of fitness for particular purpose or merchantability, nor are any such representations implied with respect to the material set forth herein, and the publisher takes no responsibility with respect to such material. The publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or part, from the readers’ use of, or reliance upon, this material. Printed in the United States of America Print Number: 01 Print Year: 2020 Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Dedication This book is dedicated to the memory of my late mother, Marjorie Sharp, the Worthy Advisor. Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Contents Overview 1 Introduction to Chemistry and Introduction to Active Learning 1 2 Matter and Energy 17 3 Measurement and Chemical Calculations 57 4 Introduction to Gases 117 5 Atomic Theory: The Nuclear Model of the Atom 153 6 Chemical Nomenclature 185 7 Chemical Formula Relationships 233 8 Chemical Reactions 267 9 Chemical Change 303 10 Quantity Relationships in Chemical Reactions 345 11 Atomic Theory: The Quantum Model of the Atom 393 12 Chemical Bonding 439 13 Structure and Shape 467 14 The Ideal Gas Law and Its Applications 513 15 Gases, Liquids, and Solids 551 16 Solutions 601 17 Acid–Base (Proton Transfer) Reactions 661 18 Chemical Equilibrium 697 19 Oxidation–Reduction (Electron Transfer) Reactions 749 20 Nuclear Chemistry 783 21 Organic Chemistry 817 22 Biochemistry 875 Appendix I Chemical Calculations 913 Appendix II The SI System Of Units 919 Glossary 923 Index 939 vii Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Contents 1 Introduction to Chemistry and Introduction to Active Learning 1 1.1 Introduction to Chemistry: Lavoisier and the Beginning of Experimental 1.2 IaCnnhtdreo mtdhuiesc tSrtiyco ine 2ntoti fCich Memetishtordy: S4cience Shutterstock.com 1.3 ISnctrieondcuec toiof nC thoe mChisetmryi sTtoryd:a Ty he5 Dulinskas/ 1.4 ILnetarorndiuncgt iHono wto t oA cLteivaer nL eCahrenminigs:t ry 6 Mindaugas 1.5 Introduction to Active Learning: Your Textbook 11 1.6 A Choice 16 2 Matter and Energy 17 2.1 What Makes Up the Universe? 17 2.2 Representations of Matter: Models and Symbols 18 2.3 States of Matter 21 2.4 Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes 25 Everyday Chemistry 2.1 The Ultimate Physical Property? 29 2.5 Pure Substances and Mixtures 30 2.6 Separation of Mixtures 33 2.7 Elements and Compounds 35 2.8 The Electrical Character of Matter 41 2.9 Characteristics of a Chemical Change 42 2.10 Conservation Laws and Chemical Change 44 3 Measurement and Chemical Calculations 57 3.1 How Is Time Measured? 57 3.2 Scientific Notation 58 3.3 Conversion Factors 63 3.4 A Strategy for Solving Quantitative Chemistry Problems 67 3.5 Introduction to Measurement 73 3.6 Metric Units 73 3.7 Significant Figures 80 3.8 Significant Figures in Calculations 83 Everyday Chemistry 3.1 Should the United States Convert to Metric Units? An Editorial 89 3.9 Metric–USCS Conversions 90 3.10 Temperature 93 viii Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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