Table Of Content.d
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Whaley, Lindsay J.. Introduction to Typology : The Unity and Diversity of Language, SAGE Publications, 1996. ProQuest
Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/liberty/detail.action?docID=996549.
Created from liberty on 2019-01-15 12:41:20.
INTRODUCTION
TO
TYPOLOGY
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Whaley, Lindsay J.. Introduction to Typology : The Unity and Diversity of Language, SAGE Publications, 1996. ProQuest
Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/liberty/detail.action?docID=996549.
Created from liberty on 2019-01-15 12:41:20.
For Ida Mae Heemstra
I tried not to split too many infinitives.
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Whaley, Lindsay J.. Introduction to Typology : The Unity and Diversity of Language, SAGE Publications, 1996. ProQuest
Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/liberty/detail.action?docID=996549.
Created from liberty on 2019-01-15 12:41:20.
INTRODUCTION
TO
TYPOLOGY
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UNITY
AMD
DIVieKIIY
Of
LANGUAGG
LINDSAY J. WHALGY
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© SAGE Publications
International Educational and Professional Publisher
Thousand Oaks London New Delhi
Whaley, Lindsay J.. Introduction to Typology : The Unity and Diversity of Language, SAGE Publications, 1996. ProQuest
Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/liberty/detail.action?docID=996549.
Created from liberty on 2019-01-15 12:41:20.
Copyright © 1997 by Sage Publications, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information
storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
For information address:
DS AGE Publications, Inc.
2455 Teller Road
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E-mail: order@sagepub.com
SAGE Publications Ltd.
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United Kingdom
SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd.
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Printed in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Whaley, Lindsay J.
Introduction to typology: The unity and diversity of language /
Lindsay J. Whaley.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8039-5962-1 (alk. Paper). — ISBN 0-8039-5963-X (pbk. :
alk. paper)
.d
evrese P210.4 .TWy4p8o log1y9 9(7L inguistics) 2. Universals (Linguistics) I. Title.
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.6 Production Editor: Astrid Virding
99 Production Assistant: Karen Wiley
1 © Typesetter/Designer: Christina Hill
th Cover Designer: Candice Harman
giryp Indexer: Teri Greenberg
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Whaley, Lindsay J.. Introduction to Typology : The Unity and Diversity of Language, SAGE Publications, 1996. ProQuest
Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/liberty/detail.action?docID=996549.
Created from liberty on 2019-01-15 12:41:20.
C O N T E N TS
Preface xiii
The World's Languages in Overview xvii
Abbreviations xxv
PART I: Basics of Language Typology
.d
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.sno 2.0. Summary 14
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3.0. Summary 27
Whaley, Lindsay J.. Introduction to Typology : The Unity and Diversity of Language, SAGE Publications, 1996. ProQuest
Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/liberty/detail.action?docID=996549.
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4.0. Key Terms 28
3. Issues of Method and Explanation 30
1.0. Types of Universals 31
1.1. Absolute Versus Nonabsolute Universals 31
1.2. Implicational Universals 32
2.0. A Problem in Determining Universals—The Database 36
3.0. Explaining Universals 43
4.0. Types of External Explanations 46
4.1. Discourse 46
4.2. Processing 47
4.3. Economy 48
4.4. Perception-Cognition 49
4.5. Iconicity 50
5.0. Summary 51
6.0. Key Terms 52
4. Basic Categories 54
1.0. Lexical Classes 56
1.1. Defining Lexical Classes 60
2.0. Semantic Roles 64
3.0. Grammatical Relations 67
3.1. Grammatical Relations as Universals 68
.d
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Whaley, Lindsay J.. Introduction to Typology : The Unity and Diversity of Language, SAGE Publications, 1996. ProQuest
Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/liberty/detail.action?docID=996549.
Created from liberty on 2019-01-15 12:41:32.
2.0. Constituent Order Correlations 86
3.0. Branching Direction Theory 91
4.0. Summary 94
5.0. Key Terms 94
6. Determining Basic Constituent Order 96
1.0. Constituent Order Variation 96
2.0. Determining the Basic Order 100
2.1. Frequency 100
2.2. Markedness 102
2.3. Pragmatically Neutral Contexts 104
3.0. Further Issues 104
4.0. Summary 105
5.0 Key Terms 106
PART III: Morphological Typology
7. Morphemes 111
1.0. Bound Versus Free Morphemes 112
2.0. Prefixes and Suffixes 114
.de 2.1. Other Types of Affixation 117
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Whaley, Lindsay J.. Introduction to Typology : The Unity and Diversity of Language, SAGE Publications, 1996. ProQuest
Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/liberty/detail.action?docID=996549.
Created from liberty on 2019-01-15 12:41:32.
1.2. Index of Fusion 133
1.3. The Relationship Between the Two Indices 135
1.4. Historical Change in Morphological Type 136
2.0. Types of Morphological Linkage Between Constituents 139
2.1. Government Versus Agreement 140
2.2. Head Versus Dependent Marking 141
2.3. Implications for Universals 144
2.4. Head Marking and Constituent Order 146
3.0. Summary 146
4.0. Key Terms 147
PART IV: Encoding Relational and Semantic Properties of Nominals
9. Case and Agreement Systems 151
1.0. Marking of Grammatical Relations 152
1.1. Case and Agreement Hierarchies 153
1.2. S, A, and P 155
1.3. Split Case and Agreement Systems 160
2.0. Complexity of Case and Agreement Systems 164
2.1. Verb Agreement 164
2.2. Case Systems 166
3.0. Summary 168
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Whaley, Lindsay J.. Introduction to Typology : The Unity and Diversity of Language, SAGE Publications, 1996. ProQuest
Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/liberty/detail.action?docID=996549.
Created from liberty on 2019-01-15 12:41:32.
11. Valence 183
1.0. Valence-Changing Devices 185
1.1. Valence-Decreasing Devices 185
1.2. Valence-Transposing Devices 189
1.3. Valence-Increasing Devices 190
2.0. Causatives 192
2.1. Direct Versus Indirect Causation 193
2.2. Indicating the Degree of Control Retained by the Causee 196
2.3. Permission Versus Causation 197
3.0. Summary 198
4.0. Key Terms 199
PART V: Verbal Categories
12. Tense and Aspect 203
1.0. Tense 205
1.1. Strategies for Tense 206
1.2. Absolute Versus Relative Tense 209
2.0. Aspect 210
2.1. Aspect Versus Aktionsart 214
2.2. Nonverbal Effects on Aspect 216
.d
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Whaley, Lindsay J.. Introduction to Typology : The Unity and Diversity of Language, SAGE Publications, 1996. ProQuest
Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/liberty/detail.action?docID=996549.
Created from liberty on 2019-01-15 12:41:32.
