Introduction to Public Administration

346 Pages·2017·36.07 MB·English

Introduction to
Public Administration
Goldfrey Edwards
Introduction to Public
Administration

Introduction to Public
Administration
Edited by
Goldfrey Edwards
Introduction to Public Administration
Edited by Goldfrey Edwards
ISBN: 978-1-9789-2619-6
© 2017 Library Press
Published by Library Press,
5 Penn Plaza,
19th Floor,
New York, NY 10001, USA
Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Introduction to public administration / edited by Goldfrey Edwards.
p.cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-9789-2619-6
1.Public administration. I. Edwards, Goldfrey.
JF1351 .I58 2017
351--dc23
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. All chapters are published with
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Table of Contents
Preface VII
Chapter 1 Introduction to Public Administration 1
Chapter 2 Policies Related to Public Administration 16
• Policy 16
• Economic Policy 22
• Education Policy 25
• Health Policy 26
• Military Policy 30
• Policy Studies 31
• Policy Analysis 32
• Program Evaluation 39
• Distributive Tendency 58
• Policy Alienation 61
• Policy Monitoring 63
Chapter 3 Understanding Public Policy 67
• Public Policy 67
• Engineering and Public Policy 68
• Foreign Policy 70
• Science Policy 74
• Policy Laundering 79
• Policy Network Analysis 81
• Public Comment 83
Chapter 4 Public Administration Practices 88
• Human Resources 88
• Organizational Theory 92
• Statistics 104
• Budget 120
• Ethics 124
Chapter 5 Essential Elements of Public Administration 140
• Administration (Government) 140
• Administrative Discretion 141
• Politics-Administration Dichotomy 145
• Advocacy 147
• Advocacy Evaluation 150
• State-Building 152
Chapter 6 Forms of Government and Administration 163
• Democracy 163
• Dictatorship 189
• Oligarchy 194
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VI Contents
• Autocracy 196
• Monarchy 197
• Totalitarianism 210
• Republic 215
Chapter 7 E-Government: An Integrated Study 231
• E-Government 231
• E-Governance 243
• E-Democracy 255
• Teleadministration 270
• E-Government Unit 275
• E-Estonia 276
Chapter 8 Civil Service: A Global Overview 279
• Civil Service 279
• Australian Public Service 289
• Civil Services of India 295
• Brazilian Civil Service 306
• Public Service of Canada 307
• Hong Kong Civil Service 313
• French Civil Service 316
• Beamter 321
• Civil Service of Japan 330
Permissions
Index
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Preface
The book studies, analyses and uphold the pillars of public administration and its utmost
significance in modern times. Public administration is an academic field which is concerned
with the study of government policies and administrative work and also their implementation
and management. This text unfolds the innovative aspects of public administration theory, which
will be crucial for the holistic understanding of the subject matter. It studies, analyses and
upholds the pillars of public administration and its utmost significance in modern times. Those
in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this textbook. It
aims to serve as a resource guide for students and contribute to the growth of the discipline.
To facilitate a deeper understanding of the contents of this book a short introduction of every
chapter is written below:
Chapter 1- Public administration studies the implementation of the policies of the government.
It also analyses the policies and also focuses on the decision-making capability of the ruling
government. This chapter will provide an integrated understanding of public administration.
Chapter 2- Policies are implemented as a protocol. It is a system of principles that helps in
guiding decisions of a country or any organization. Some of the examples of policy-making fields
are economic policies, educational policies and military policies. This chapter helps the readers
in understanding an in-depth understanding of the topic.
Chapter 3- Public policies are directed towards administrative branches of a state. It is composed
of national constitutional laws and also consists of regulations. The aspects elucidated in the
section are military policy, science policy, policy laundering, policy network analysis and public
comment. The section elucidates the crucial theories related to public policy.
Chapter 4- Human resources is the workforce of any organization or any business. The aspects
explained are organizational theory, policy analysis, budget, ethics and budget. The chapter
strategically encompasses and incorporates the practices of public administration, providing a
complete understanding.
Chapter 5- The essential elements of public administration are administrative discretion,
politics-administration dichotomy, advocacy, advocacy evaluation and state building. The term
administration is usually used in context of governments. Public administration is understood
in confluence with the major topics that have been explained in the following section.
Chapter 6- Democracy is a form of government where the citizens exercise their powers by
directly choosing their representatives. It is also known as the rule of the majority. Dictatorship,
oligarchy, monarchy, totalitarianism and republic are the other forms of government that have
been explained in the following chapter.
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VIII Preface
Chapter 7- The use of devices and computers for public services is known as E-Government.
The application of technology for delivering better government services is termed as electronic
governance. The following section unfolds its crucial aspects in a critical yet systematic manner.
Chapter 8- Civil service is the sector in which civil servants are employed. Australian public
service, civil services of India, Brazilian civil service, Hong Kong civil service and civil service
of Japan are some of the civil services that have been explained in the section. The chapter is
an overview of the subject matter incorporating all the major aspects of civil service.
I would like to share the credit of this book with my editorial team who worked tirelessly on
this book. I owe the completion of this book to the never-ending support of my family, who
supported me throughout the project.
Editor
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1
Introduction to Public Administration
Public administration studies the implementation of the policies of the government. It also analy-
ses the policies and also focuses on the decision-making capability of the ruling government. This
chapter will provide an integrated understanding of public administration.
Public administration is the implementation of government policy and also an academic discipline
that studies this implementation and prepares civil servants for working in the public service. As
a “field of inquiry with a diverse scope” its “fundamental goal... is to advance management and
policies so that government can function.” Some of the various definitions which have been of-
fered for the term are: “the management of public programs”; the “translation of politics into the
reality that citizens see every day”; and “the study of government decision making, the analysis of
the policies themselves, the various inputs that have produced them, and the inputs necessary to
produce alternative policies.”
Public administration is both an academic discipline and a field of practice; the latter is depicted in this picture of US
federal public servants at a meeting.
Public administration is “centrally concerned with the organization of government policies and
programmes as well as the behavior of officials (usually non-elected) formally responsible for their
conduct” Many unelected public servants can be considered to be public administrators, including
heads of city, county, regional, state and federal departments such as municipal budget directors,
human resources (H.R.) administrators, city managers, census managers, state mental health di-
rectors, and cabinet secretaries. Public administrators are public servants working in public de-
partments and agencies, at all levels of government.
In the US, civil servants and academics such as Woodrow Wilson promoted American civil service re-
form in the 1880s, moving public administration into academia. However, “until the mid-20th century
and the dissemination of the German sociologist Max Weber’s theory of bureaucracy” there was not
“much interest in a theory of public administration.” The field is multidisciplinary in character; one
of the various proposals for public administration’s sub-fields sets out six pillars, including human
resources, organizational theory, policy analysis and statistics, budgeting, and ethics.
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