Introduction to optimum design

750 Pages·2004·4.79 MB·English

by  Jasbir S. Arora

Introduction to
Optimum Design
Introduction to
Optimum Design
Second Edition
Jasbir S. Arora
The University of Iowa
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Arora, Jasbir S.
Introduction to optimum design / Jasbir S. Arora.—2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN0-12-064155-0 (acid-free paper)
1. Engineering design—Mathematical models. I. Title.
TA174.A76 2004
620¢.0042¢015118—dc22 2004046995
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Acatalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 0-12-064155-0
For all information on all Academic Press publications
visit our Web site at books.elsevier.com
Printed in the United States of America
04 05 06 07 08 09 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Jasbir S. Arora
F. Wendell Miller Distinguished Professor of Engineering
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
Center for Computer Aided Design
College of Engineering
The University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1527

To
Ruhee
Rita
Balwant Kaur
Wazir Singh

Preface
I have based the material of the Second Edition on the comments that I had received from
the students over the years and on input from colleagues around the world. The text has been
rewritten, reorganized, and expanded for the second edition. Particular attention has been
paid to the pedagogical aspect of the material. Each chapter starts with a list of learning
objectives that the students can keep in mind while studying the material of the chapter. The
basic philosophy of the text remains the same as before: to describe an organized approach
to engineering design optimization in a rigorous and yet simplified manner, illustrate various
concepts and procedures with simple examples, and demonstrate their applicability to engi-
neering design problems. Formulation of a design problem as an optimization problem is
emphasized and illustrated throughout the text. Some computational algorithms are presented
in a step-by-step format to give the students a flavor of the calculations needed for solving
optimum design problems. The new material covered in the second edition includes: use of
Excel and MATLAB as learning and teaching aids, discrete variable optimization, genetic
algorithms, multiobjective optimization, and global optimization.
The text can be used in several ways to design different types of courses for undergradu-
ate and graduate studies. For undergraduate students, the key question is, “What should be
taught on the subject of optimization?” I feel that the material thoroughly covered should be:
optimum design problem formulation, basic concepts that characterize an optimum design,
basic concepts of numerical methods for optimization, and simple but illustrative examples
of optimum design. In addition, some exposure to the use of optimization software would be
quite beneficial. With this background, the students would be able to formulate and use soft-
ware properly to optimize problems once they go into industry. The basic knowledge gained
with this material can serve as a life-long learning tool on the subject of optimum design.
Such a course for junior and senior studentsin most branches of engineering can include the
following material, augmented with 2- to 3-week-long team projects (project type exercises
and sections with advanced material are marked with an “*” in the text):
Appendix A. Economic Analysis
Chapter 1. Introduction to Design
Chapter 2. Optimum Design Problem Formulation
Chapter 3. Graphical Optimization Method
Chapter 4. Optimum Design Concepts
Chapter 6. Linear Programming Methods for Optimum Design
Chapter 8. Numerical Methods for Unconstrained Optimum Design
Chapter 10. Numerical Methods for Constrained Optimum Design
ix
Another intermediate level course for seniors and first year graduate students can be
designed to augment the above material with Chapter 12 on MATLAB along with more
advanced design projects and introduction to discrete variable optimization using the mate-
rial contained in Chapters 15 and 16. The pace of material coverage can be a little faster than
the course designed for undergraduates only. A two-course sequence for graduate students
may be designed using the material from Chapters 1 to 10 and 12 in the first course and the
material from Chapters 11 and 13 to 18 for the second course.
I have been fortunate to have received advice, encouragement, and help from numerous
people around the globe to undertake and complete this project. Without that, a project of
this magnitude would not have been possible. I would like sincerely to thank all of them for
their input, in particular, Professor Tae Hee Lee of Hanyang University, and my graduate stu-
dents Tim Marler and Qian Wang for their special contributions to the text material. Pro-
fessor Tae Hee Lee provided me with a first draft of the material for Chapter 12 on
Introduction to Optimization with MATLAB. He developed all the examples and the corre-
sponding m-files. Tim Marlerprovided me with first draft of the material for Chapter 17 on
Multiobjective Optimum Design Concepts and Methods, and Qian Wangprovided me with
material related to the use of Excel. Without their contributions this material would not be in
the good shape it is now. In addition, Tim Marler, Qian Wang, and Ashok Govil proofread several
chapters and provided me with suggestions for improving the presentation of the material.
Along with all the individuals mentioned in the first edition, I would like to sincerely thank
the following colleagues and friends who provided me with specific suggestionson the material
for the second edition of the text: Rick Balling, Ashok Belegundu, Scott Burns, Alex Diaz, Dan
Frangopol, Ramana Grandhi, Don Grierson, RafiHaftka, Gene Hou, Tae Hee Lee, T.C. Lin, Kuni
Matsui, Duc Nguyen, Makoto Ohsaki, G.J. Park, Subby Rajan, David Thompson, Mats Tinnsten,
and Ren-Jye Yang. In addition, the useful exchange of ideas on the subject of optimum design
over the years with many colleagues are acknowledged: Santiago Hernández, Hans Eschenauer,
Ed Haug, Niels Olhoff, H. Furuta, U. Kirsch, J. Sobieski, Panos Papalambros, Colby Swan, V.K.
Goel, F.Y. Cheng, S. Pezeshk, D.H. Choi, Dan Tortorelli, H. Yamakawa, C.M. Chan, Lucien
Schmit, V. Kumar, Kwan Rim, Hasan Kamil, Mike Poldneff, Bob Benedict, John Taylor, Marek
Rysz, Farrokh Mistree, M.H. Abolbashari, Achille Messac, J. Herskovits, M. Kamat, V. Venkayya,
N. Khot, Gary Vanderplaats, B.M. Kwak, George Rozvany, N. Kikuchi, Prabhat Hajela, Z.
Gürdal, Nielen Stander, Omar Ghattas, Peter Eriksson, Olof Friberg, Jan Snyman, U. Kirsch, P.
Pedersen, K. Truman, C. Mota Soares, Igbal Rai, Rajbir Samra, Jagir Sooch, and many more.
I appreciate my colleagues at The University of Iowa who used the first edition of the
book to teach an undergraduate course on optimum design: Karim Abdel-Malek, Asghar
Bhatti, Kyung Choi, Ray Han, Harry Kane, George Lance, and Emad Tanbour. Their dis-
cussions and suggestions have greatly helped in improving the presentation of the material
of first 11 chapters of the second edition.
I would like to acknowledge all my former graduate students whose thesis work on various
topics of optimization contributed to the broadening of my horizon on the subject. The recent
work of Mike Huang, C.C. Hsieh, Fatos Kocer, and Ossama Elwakeil has formed the basis
for the material of Chapters 15, 16, and 18.
I would also like to thank Carla Kinney, Christine Kloiber, Joel Stein, Shoshanna Gross-
man and Brandy Palacios of Elsevier Science, and Dan Fitzgerald of Graphic World Pub-
lishing Services for their support and superb handling of the manuscript for the book.
I am grateful to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engi-
neering, and The University of Iowa for providing me with time, resources, and support for
this very satisfying endeavor.
Finally, I would like to thank all my family and friends for their love and support.
Jasbir Singh Arora
Iowa City
x Preface