Introduction to Neurobehavioral Toxicology: Food and Environment PDF
Preview Introduction to Neurobehavioral Toxicology: Food and Environment
Introduction to NEUROBEHAVIOUL TOXICOLOGY Food and Environment Pharmacology and Toxicology: Basic and Clinical Aspects Mannfred A. Hollinger, Series Editor University of California, Davis Forthcoming Titles CRC Handbook ofA lcoholA ddiction: Clinical and Theoretical Approaches, Gerald Zemig Handbook ofM ammalian Models in Biomedical Research, David B. Jack Handbook ofTheoretical Models in Biomedical Research, David B. Jack Lead and Public Health: Integrated Risk Assessment, Paul Mushak Molecular Bases ofA nesthesia, Eric Moody and Phil Skolnick Receptor Characterization and Regulation, Devendra K. Agrawal Published Titles Manual ofI mmunological Methods, 1999, Pauline Brousseau, Yves Payette, Helen Tryphonas, Barry Blakley, Herman Boermans, Denis Flipo, Michel Fournier CNS Injuries: Cellular Responses and Pharmacological Strategies, 1999, Martin Berry and Ann Logan Infectious Diseases in lmmunocompromised Hosts,1998, Vassil St. Georgiev Pharmacology ofA ntimuscarinic Agents, 1998, Laszlo Gyermek Handbook ofP lant and Fungal Toxicants, 1997, Felix D'Mello Basis ofToxicityT esting, Second Edition, 1997, Donald J. Ecobichon Anabolic Treatments for Osteoporosis, 1997, James F. Whitfield and Paul Morley Antibody Therapeutics, 1997, William J. Harris and John R. Adair Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes in Smooth Muscle, 1997, Richard M. Eglen Antisense Oligodeonucleotides as Novel Pharmacological Therapeutic Agents, 1997, Benjamin Weiss Airway Wall Remodelling in Asthma, 1996, A. G. Stewart Drug Delivery Systems, 1996, Vasant V. Ranade and Mann fred A. Hollinger Brain Mechanisms and Psychotropic Drugs, 1996, Andrius Baskys and Gary Remington Receptor Dynamics in Neural Development, 1996, Christopher A. Shaw Ryanodine Receptors, 1996, Vincenzo Sorrentino Therapeutic Modulation ofCytokines, 1996, M.W. Bodmer and Brian Henderson Pharmacology in Exercise and Sport, 1996, Satu M. Somani Placental Pharmacology, 1996, B. V. Rama Sastry Pharmacological Effects ofE thanol on the Nervous System, 1996, Richard A. Deitrich lmmunopharmaceuticals, 1996, Edward S. Kimball Chemoattractant Ligands and Their Receptors, 1996, Richard Horuk Pharmacological Regulation ofG ene Expression in the CNS, 1996, Kalpana Merchant Experimental Models ofM ucosal Inflammation, 1995, Timothy S. Gaginella Handbook ofM ethods in Gastrointestinal Pharmacology, 1995, Timothy S. Gaginella Handbook ofT argeted Delivery ofI maging Agents, 1995, Vladimir P. Torchilin Handbook ofP harmacokinetic Pharmacodynamic Correlations, 1995, Hartmut Derendorf and Guenther Hochhaus Human Growth Hormone Pharmacology: Basic and Clinical Aspects, 1995, Kathleen T. Shiverick and Arlan Rosenbloom Placental Toxicology, 1995, B. V. Rama Sastry Stealth Liposomes, 1995, Danilo Lasic and Frank Martin TAXOL®: Science and Applications, 1995, Matthew Suffness Pharmacology and Toxicology: Basic and Clinical Aspects Published Titles (Continued) Endothelin Receptors: From the Gene to the Human, 1995, Robert R. Ruffolo, Jr. Alternative Methodologies for the Safety Evaluation ofC hemicals in the Cosmetic Industry, 1995, Nicola Loprieno Phospholipase A in Clinical Inflammation: Molecular Approaches to Pathophysiology, 2 1995. Keith B. Glaser and Peter Vadas Serotonin and Gastrointestinal Function, 1995, Timothy S. Gaginella and James J. Galligan Chemical and Structural Approaches to Rational Drug Design, 1994, David B. Weiner and William V. Williams Biological Approaches to Rational Drug Design, 1994, David B. Weiner and William V. Williams Direct and Allosteric Control ofG lutamate Receptors, 1994, M. Palfreyman, I. Reynolds, and P. Skolnick Genomic and Non-Genomic Effects ofA ldosterone, 1994, Martin Wehling Peroxisome Proliferators: Unique Inducers ofD rug-Metabolizing Enzymes, 1994, David E. Moody Angiotensin II Receptors, Volume 1: Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, and Clinical Perspectives, 1994, Robert R. Ruffolo, Jr. Angiotensin II Receptors, Volume II: Medicinal Chemistry, 1994, Robert R. Ruffolo, Jr. Beneficial and Toxic Effects ofA spirin, 1993, Susan E. Feinman Preclinical and Clinical Modulation ofA nticancer Drugs, 1993, Kenneth D. Tew, Peter Houghton, and Janet Houghton In Vitro Methods ofT oxicology, 1992, Ronald R. Watson Basis ofT oxicity Testing, 1992, Donald J. Ecobichon Human Drug Metabolism from Molecular Biology to Man, 1992, Elizabeth Jeffreys Platelet Activating Factor Receptor: Signal Mechanisms and Molecular Biology, 1992, Shivendra D. Shukla Biopharmaceutics ofO cular Drug Delivery, 1992, Peter Edman Pharmacology oft he Skin, 1991, Hasan Mukhtar Inflammatory Cells and Mediators in Bronchial Asthma, 1990, Devendra K. Agrawal and Robert G. Townley Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Introduction to neurobehavioral toxicology : food and environment I edited by Raymond J.M. Niesink ... [et al.) p. an. - (Phannacology & toxicology) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8493-7802-8 1. Behavioral toxicology. 2 Neurotoxic agents. I. Niesink, Raymundus Johannes Maria, 1953- . ll. Series: Phannacology & toxicology (Boca Raton, Fla.) [DNLM: 1. Nervous System-drug effects. 2. Food-toxicity. 3. Environmental Pollutants-toxicity. 4. Behavior-drug effects. QV 76.51615 1998) RA1224.155 1998 616.8'047-dc21 DNLM/DLC for Library of Congress 98-39870 CIP This book contains infonnation obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with pennission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and infonnation, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any fonn or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any infonnation storage or retrieval system, without prior pennission in writing from the publisher. All rights reserved. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the personal or internal use of specific clients, may be granted by CRC Press LLC, provided that $.50 per page photocopied is paid directly to Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is ISBN 0-8493-7802-8/99/$0.00+$.50. The fee is subject to change without notice. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific pennission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such copying. Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 Corporate Blvd., N.W., Boca Raton, Florida 33431. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used for identification and explanation, without intent to infringe. Ou @ 1999 by CRC Press LLC and Open University of The Netherlands No claim to original U.S. Government works International Standard Book Number 0-8493-7802-8 Library of Congress Card Number 98-39870 Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Printed on acid-free paper Preface The brain has recently received more attention and consideration as evidenced by the 1990s being designated as "The Decade of the Brain" in the U.S., Europe, and many other parts of the world. Interest in the effects of exposure to drugs and chemicals on the development and functional integrity of the brain is on the rise. This book deals with the effects of chemicals on the central and peripheral nervous system and the subsequent changes in behavior. It provides an introduction to neurobehavioral toxicology. The book contains essential information for students in neurotoxicology, psychiatry, and (neuro)psychology and for those professionally involved in the field of management of risk-assessment. Neurobehavioral toxicology is the scientific study of unintended behavioral changes due to toxic agents. In this context, behavior is considered to form the ultimate integration of nervous functions at the level of the intact organism. Initially, neurobehavioral toxicology was primarily practiced within occupational toxicology. Especially within this discipline, tests and methods have been developed to detect the undesired effects of toxicants on behavior. Meanwhile, it has also become clear that food components and environmental contaminants can influence our behavior. Neurobehavioral toxicology is important in studying the mechanisms underlying important Western diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this book, the neurobehavioral toxicity of food components and the behavioral effects of environmental toxicants will be discussed in particular. Emphasis will be on acute and chronic effects, reversible and irreversible consequences, functional disorders of the nervous system, neurobehavioral dysfunctions, and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. The book deals with the entire range of neurobehavioral toxicology in humans and animals, using a multidisciplinary approach to discuss all areas of the neuro- and behavioral sciences involved. Biological (physiological and biochemical), psychological, and social aspects of undesirable behavioral changes caused by toxicants will be reviewed. This book is divided into three major sections. Part I provides the necessary background to understand the various topics. Relevant basic principles and processes stemming from different disciplines are described. These include: neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology, testing methods in humans and animals, basic neuroanatomical and neurophysiological functions, basic neuropathology, and genetic aspects of neurobehavioral toxicology and addiction. Parts II and III are devoted primarily to the neurobehavioral effects of natural food components, food contaminants, and food additives and to the effects of environmental chemicals such as metals, pesticides, and organic solvents on the nervous system. An extensive glossary that contains terms and concepts from the different disciplines, a list of commonly used abbreviations, and a list of tests used in neurobehavioral toxicology are provided at the end of the book. Acknowledgments The editors gratefully acknowledge the many people who helped organizing the original manuscript. A special thanks goes to Dr. Susan Boobis, for the editing, and Evelin Karsten, for typewriting and layout assistance for figures and tables. Jack Jamar and Vivian Rompelberg are greatly acknowledged for preparing the illustrations.
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