Introduction to middleware : web services, object components, and cloud computing

689 Pages·2017·21.05 MB·English

by  Letha Hughes Etzkorn

INTRODUCTION
TO
MIDDLEWARE
Web Services, Object Components,
and Cloud Computing

INTRODUCTION
TO
MIDDLEWARE
Web Services, Object
Components, and
Cloud Computing
Letha Hughes Etzkorn
CRCPress
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Dedication
To my husband and sweetheart, Dave, who always does so much for me
(he did most of the review of the proofs for this textbook), to the other centers
of my heart: Tricia and Chris, and to the memory of Daddy and Mama.
Mama always wanted one of her kids to write a book, although I don't think
a textbook was what she had in mind.

Contents
OnlineResources............................................................................................................................xix
Preface.............................................................................................................................................xxi
Author............................................................................................................................................xxv
SECTION I The Different Paradigms
Chapter1 Introduction..................................................................................................................3
1.1 WhatIsMiddleware?........................................................................................4
1.2 TechnologyReview:Sockets............................................................................5
1.2.1 SocketDataStructures.........................................................................5
1.2.2 SocketLibraryCalls ...........................................................................7
1.2.3 NetworkByteOrderandHowItIsUsedwithSockets .....................8
1.2.4 GeneralSocketOperation....................................................................9
1.2.5 SimpleSocketExample.....................................................................10
1.2.6 SendingDataOtherthanCharData—ProblemswithEndianness......17
1.3 BriefIntroductiontoOtherMiddlewares........................................................18
1.3.1 WhatAreRemoteProcedureCalls?—AlsoIntroductionto
SynchronousandAsynchronousOperation......................................18
1.3.2 WhatAreDistributedObject-OrientedComponents?.......................20
1.3.3 WhatIsMessage-OrientedMiddleware?..........................................20
1.3.4 WhatAreService-OrientedArchitectures?.......................................21
1.3.5 WhatAreWebServices?...................................................................22
1.3.6 WhatIsCloudComputing?...............................................................23
1.4 EnvironmentalMonitoringProject..................................................................23
1.5 SailboatMarinaManagementProject.............................................................25
Exercises....................................................................................................................26
ConceptualQuestions................................................................................................27
Bibliography...............................................................................................................27
Chapter2 SoftwareArchitecturalStyles/PatternsforMiddleware.............................................31
2.1 JustWhatIsa“SoftwareArchitecture,”Anyway?.........................................31
2.2 ArchitecturalStyles/Patterns...........................................................................33
2.3 ArchitecturalStyles/PatternsforMiddleware.................................................35
2.3.1 Gomaa’sArchitecturalPatterns.........................................................35
2.3.2 Fielding’sArchitecturalStyles..........................................................37
2.3.3 Fielding’sArchitecturalProperties....................................................39
2.4 ArchitecturalStyles/PatternsforDistributedObject-OrientedComponents......43
2.5 ArchitecturalStyles/PatternsforService-OrientedArchitectures...................44
2.6 ArchitecturalStyles/PatternsforWebServices..............................................46
2.7 ArchitecturalStyles/PatternsforCloudComputing........................................46
Exercises....................................................................................................................48
ConceptualQuestions................................................................................................48
Bibliography...............................................................................................................48
vii
viii Contents
SECTION II Enabling Technologies for Middleware
Chapter3 IntroductiontoInternetTechnologies........................................................................55
3.1 JustWhatIstheInternet,Anyway?................................................................55
3.2 BriefIntroductiontoTCP/IPandUDP...........................................................55
3.3 IPAddresses(IPv4andIPv6)andSubnetting................................................57
3.3.1 IPv4Addresses..................................................................................57
3.3.1.1 PrivateIPAddressesandNetworkAddressTranslation.....58
3.3.2 IPv6Addresses..................................................................................58
3.3.3 Subnetting .........................................................................................59
3.4 PortNumbers..................................................................................................60
3.5 OtherImportantNetworkInformation............................................................61
3.5.1 InternetControlMessageProtocol....................................................61
3.5.2 LANProtocols:EthernetandWi-Fi..................................................61
3.5.3 MediaAccessControlAddresses......................................................62
3.5.4 Hubs,Bridges,Switches,andRouters...............................................62
3.5.5 AutoconfigurationforIPv4:DynamicHost
ConfigurationProtocol......................................................................63
3.5.6 AutoconfigurationforIPv6................................................................64
3.5.6.1 DHCPforIPv6 ..................................................................65
3.5.7 VirtualLocalAreaNetwork..............................................................65
3.6 UniversallyUniqueIdentifiers........................................................................66
Exercises....................................................................................................................68
ConceptualQuestions................................................................................................68
Bibliography...............................................................................................................69
Chapter4 IntroductiontoWorldWideWebTechnologies........................................................71
4.1 JustWhatIstheWeb,Anyway?.....................................................................71
4.2 HypertextTransferProtocol............................................................................71
4.3 HTML,XML,andHTMLForms...................................................................72
4.4 XMLSchemaBasics.......................................................................................79
4.5 JavaScriptObjectNotation(JSON)................................................................81
4.6 InternetMediaTypes(MIMETypes).............................................................82
4.7 Base64Encoding...........................................................................................82
4.8 URLEncoding(PercentEncoding)andURLBase64Encoding..................85
4.9 DomainNamesandDomainNameServers...................................................85
4.10 DocumentObjectModelandBrowserObjectModel....................................87
4.11 PopularWebServers.......................................................................................88
4.11.1 Web/ApplicationServers:LAMPversusWindows/ASP
versusJava.........................................................................................89
4.11.1.1 MySQL—TheMinLAMP................................................89
4.11.1.2 UsingJavaDatabaseConnectivity(JDBC)withMySQL....91
4.11.1.3 UsingMySQLiinPHPwithMySQL................................93
4.11.2 GlassFishApplicationServer............................................................95
4.11.2.1 HowtoStartGlassFishandRunanApplication
onGlassFish.......................................................................95
4.12 cURL...............................................................................................................99
Exercises..................................................................................................................101
Contents ix
ConceptualQuestions..............................................................................................101
Bibliography.............................................................................................................102
Chapter5 SecurityBasics.........................................................................................................105
5.1 JustWhyShouldAnyoneCareAboutSecurity,Anyway?..........................105
5.2 SymmetricKeyCryptographyandAsymmetricKey/Public
KeyCryptography ........................................................................................105
5.3 Hash(MessageDigest)Functions................................................................105
5.4 DigitalSignaturesandMessageAuthenticationCodes................................106
5.5 PublicKeyInfrastructureandCertificateAuthorities...................................107
5.6 TransportLayerSecurityandSecureSocketsLayer....................................108
5.6.1 ButHowDoesTLSWork?.............................................................108
5.7 CryptographicMessageSyntax.....................................................................110
Exercises..................................................................................................................112
ConceptualQuestions..............................................................................................112
Bibliography.............................................................................................................112
Chapter6 MicrosoftTechnologiesBasics................................................................................115
6.1 Microsoft“World”versustheRestoftheWorld.........................................115
6.2 DynamicLinkLibraryFilesandWindowsSidebySide.............................115
6.3 CommonLanguageRuntime(CLR).............................................................116
6.4 GlobalAssembliesCache.............................................................................117
6.5 NamedPipesinWindows.............................................................................118
Exercises..................................................................................................................119
ConceptualQuestions..............................................................................................120
Bibliography.............................................................................................................120
Chapter7 CloudTechnologiesBasics......................................................................................121
7.1 WhatYouNeedtoKnowfortheCloud.......................................................121
7.2 JustWhatAreDiskImagesandVirtualMachineImages,Anyway?...........121
7.2.1 VariousKindsofDiskImagesandVirtualMachineImages..........121
7.3 JustWhatAreHypervisorsandVirtualMachines,Anyway?......................123
7.3.1 SomeExamplesofType2Hypervisors..........................................124
7.3.1.1 SomeVirtualBoxInstallationHints.................................125
7.3.2 SomeExamplesofType1Hypervisors..........................................125
7.3.2.1 libvirt................................................................................126
7.4 Software-DefinedNetworkingandNetworkVirtualization.........................126
7.4.1 OpenvSwitch/OpenFlowandLinuxBridge...................................128
7.4.1.1 OpenFlow.........................................................................129
7.4.1.2 HowOpenvSwitchWorks...............................................130
7.5 VirtualizationSecurity..................................................................................130
7.5.1 HypervisorSecurity.........................................................................131
7.6 CloudSecurity...............................................................................................134
7.6.1 PhysicalDataCenterSecurity.........................................................136
Exercises..................................................................................................................137
ConceptualQuestions..............................................................................................137
Bibliography.............................................................................................................137