Introduction to Logic and Theory of Knowledge: Lectures 1906/07

497 Pages·2008·1.86 MB·English

by  Edmund Husserl

INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC
AND THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE
LECTURES 1906/07
EDMUND HUSSERL
COLLECTED WORKS
EDITOR:
ULLRICH MELLE
VOLUME XIII
INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC
AND THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE
LECTURES 1906/07
TRANSLATIONS
PREPARED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF
THE HUSSERL-ARCHIVES (LEUVEN)
For other titles published in this series, go to
www.springer.com/series/6059.
EDMUND HUSSERL
INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC
AND THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE
Lectures 1906/07
TRANSLATED BY
CLAIRE ORTIZ HILL
Library of Congress Control Number: 2008930156
ISBN 978-1-4020-6726-6 (PB)
ISBN 978-1-4020-6725-9 (HB)
ISBN 978-1-4020-6727-3 (e-Book)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TRANSLATOR’S INTRODUCTION ..................................... xi
PART I. T HE IDEA OF PURE LOGIC AS A FORMAL THEORY
OF SCIENCE
Chapter 1. The Characterization of What Is Logical
Taking the Exact Sciences as Point
of Departure .......................................................... 3
§1. First Distinction Between Logic and
Psychology ......................................................................... 3
§2. The Idea of a Science of What Is Logical as
That of the Essence of Science in General......................... 5
§3. Science Aims for Perspicuous Foundations ....................... 7
§4. Presumptive Conviction and Substantiating
Probability .......................................................................... 11
§5. Constructing Indirect Substantiation as the
Task of the Sciences ........................................................... 13
§6. All Substantiation Is Subject to a Law of
Substantiation ..................................................................... 17
§7. The Significance of Substantiation Forms in
Making Science in General and a Theory of
Science Possible .................................................................. 22
§8. All Scientific Methods That Are Not Themselves
Substantiating Are Auxiliary Tools for
Substantiating ..................................................................... 24
§9. Logic as Normative Art of Judging and as
the Theory of an Art ........................................................... 26
Chapter 2. Pure Logic as Theoretical Science ........................ 33
§10. The Formal Laws of Substantiation as
Theoretical Truths ............................................................... 33
§11. The Supratemporality of the Proposition as
Identically Ideal Meaning, Science as a
System of Propositions ....................................................... 35
§12. Logic as Science of Ideal Propositions
and Proposition Forms ....................................................... 40
v
vi TABLE OF CONTENTS
§13. The Science of Meanings Is Not a Part
of Psychology ..................................................................... 42
§14. The Correlation of Theory of Meaning and
Formal Ontology ................................................................. 50
§15. Fitting Formal Mathematics into the Theory
of Science ........................................................................... 54
§16. Mathematics and Logic as a Supply of Truths
That Each Science Can Freely Use .................................... 57
§17. The Theory of Science’s Self-referential Nature.
The Ideal for the Constructing of Pure Logic .................... 62
§18. The Natural Ordering of the Formal Disciplines ............... 66
§19. The Theory of Manifolds as Science
of Theory Forms ................................................................ 76
Chapter 3. Formal and Real Logic .......................................... 93
§20. The Natural Sciences as Merely Relative
Sciences of Being, Metaphysics as Ultimate
Science of Being ................................................................. 93
§21. The A priori Metaphysics of Reality in General
as Necessary Foundation of the Empirically
Grounded Metaphysics of Actual Reality .......................... 97
§22. The Relationship of A priori Metaphysics to
Logico-formal Ontology ..................................................... 99
§23. Formal Logic as Theory of Theory in General,
Real Logic as Theory of Knowledge of Reality ................ 104
§24. A priori Metaphysics as a Foundation for Logic
in the Sense of the Theory of the Art of
Scientific Knowledge ......................................................... 110
Part II. NOETICS, THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE, AND
PHENOMENOLOGY
Chapter 4. Noetics as Theory of Justification of
Knowledge ............................................................ 115
§25. The Role of Subjectivity in the Sciences ........................... 115
§26. Formal Logic Is Not the Science of
Subjective Sources of Justification .................................... 122
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
§27. Noetics as Investigation and Evaluation of
Intellective Position-takings with Respect to
Their Claims to Legitimacy ............................................... 127
§28. N oetics in Relation to Kant’s Critique
of Reason ............................................................................ 132
§29. T he External, Morphological Treatment of
Noetical Problems .............................................................. 134
§30. T he Deeper Layers of Problems of Noetics and
the Epistemological Problems ............................................ 137
Chapter 5. Theory of Knowledge as First Philosophy............. 155
§31. The Position of Theory of Knowledge vis-à-vis
the Logical Disciplines and Natural Sciences .................... 155
§32. The Problem of the Relationship Between
Theory of Knowledge and Psychology .............................. 164
§33. Epistemological Skepticism ............................................... 176
§34. About the Possibility of Theory of Knowledge
After Performing the Epoché .............................................. 189
§35. The Radical Difference Between Epistemological
and Psychological Orientations of Inquiry ........................ 197
Chapter 6. Phenomenology as Science of
Pure Consciousness .............................................. 213
§36. The Relationship Between Phenomenology
and Theory of Knowledge .................................................. 213
§37. On the Possibility of a Science of
Pure Phenomena ................................................................. 216
§38. The Transcendent Object as Theme of
Phenomenological Investigation of Essences .................... 226
§39. The Independence of the Laws of Essence
from Any Positing of Existence and the Only
Genuine Sense of the A priori ............................................ 229
§40. The Ideal of Absolute Rationality and Its
Attainability by Way of Phenomenology ........................... 232
§41. The Meaning of Phenomenology for the
A priori Disciplines and Psychology ................................. 235
viii TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part III. THE FORMS OF OBJECTIFICATION
Chapter 7. The Lower Forms of Objectification...................... 241
§42. Concepts of Consciousness ................................................ 241
§43. Time Consciousness and Constitution of Time ................. 250
Chapter 8. The Higher Forms of Objectification .................... 273
§44. The Main Types of Concrete Objectification
and the Fundamental Contrasts Within the
Sphere of Objectification as a Whole ................................ 273
§45. The Function of Identity ..................................................... 277
§46. The Difference Between Objects of Thought and
Sensorial Objects, Forms of Thought and
Sensorial Forms .................................................................. 287
§47. The Function of Universality ............................................. 291
§48. Further Functions ............................................................... 301
§49. Existential States of Affairs ................................................ 306
§50. The Phenomenological Theory of Mind ............................ 322
§51. The Phenomenological Elucidation of
Natural Scientific Knowledge ............................................ 330
Appendix A .............................................................................................. 351
APPENDIX I (to §1 and §2): Content of the
Lectures on Logic and Theory of Knowledge 1906/07 .............. 351
APPENDIX II (to §1 and §2): Philosophy
On the Relationship Between Science in the
Usual Sense and Philosophy ....................................................... 356
APPENDIX III (to §8): Note to the Concept of Logic .................... 357
APPENDIX IV (to §22): Ultimate Particulars................................. 357
APPENDIX V (to §24): A priori Ontology and A priori
Metaphysics ................................................................................. 358
APPENDIX VI (to §30d ff.): Psychological and
Phenomenological Subjectivity ................................................... 358
APPENDIX VII (to §31b and §32): The Completion of the
Natural Sciences Through the Epistemological
Elucidation of the Logical and Ontological Disciplines ............. 359
APPENDIX VIII (to §33a): The Meaning of Skepticism
for Theory of Knowledge ............................................................ 361
TABLE OF CONTENTS ix
APPENDIX IX (to §34b): The Presuppositionlessness of
Theory of Knowledge. Not All Knowledge Is
Burdened with the Problem of Transcendence ........................... 362
APPENDIX X (to §35d): Critical and Phenomenological
Position-Takings .......................................................................... 364
APPENDIX XI (to §35d): External, Inner, and
Phenomenological Perception ..................................................... 365
APPENDIX XII (to Chapter 6): Phenomenology as
Essence Analysis of the Consciousness.
Its Relationship to the Other A priori Disciplines ...................... 367
APPENDIX XIII (to Chapter 6): Phenomenology and
Psychology. Phenomenology and Theory of
Knowledge. Phenomenological Description
vis-à-vis Empirical Description................................................... 376
APPENDIX XIV (to §37b): On Phenomenology’s
Method and the Meaning of Its Scientific
Intentions ..................................................................................... 385
APPENDIX XV (Variation of 47b): Higher-Level
Generalities. The Universal as Object and as Property .............. 386
APPENDIX XVI (to §50a): The Objectivity of
Knowledge. The Ideally Legitimated
Fulfilment-Relationships ............................................................. 389
APPENDIX XVII (to §51d): On the Theory of
Probabilities ................................................................................. 393
APPENDIX XVIII (to §51d): Memory’s Attainment
of Fulfilment ................................................................................ 394
Appendix B ............................................................................. 397
APPENDIX I: Theory of Knowledge as an Absolute
Theory of the Essence of Knowledge ......................................... 397
APPENDIX II: The Task of Theory of Knowledge ......................... 404
APPENDIX III: Phenomenology ..................................................... 407
APPENDIX IV: A priori Ontology and
Phenomenology ........................................................................... 428
APPENDIX V: Transcendental Phenomenology <as the>
Science of Transcendental Subjectivity and of the
Constitution of All Objectivity of Knowledge
and Values in It ............................................................................ 431