Introduction to Landscape Design PDF
Preview Introduction to Landscape Design
Introduction to LANDSCAPE DESIGN John L. Motloch What is the meaning of landscape? How do people relate to the landscapes surrounding them? What are the forces that order and give meaning to the designed landscape? How do buildings relate to their sites? What are design paradigms? Introduction to Landscape Design presents a thoughtful and provocative analysis of these and many other questions that are at the heart of landscape architecture and that affect landscape and environmental design. John Motloch sees landscape design as more than just an artistic endeavor; he presents it as a synergism of art and seten£@Tor creatively managing human and ecological systems, and for enhancing quality of life. The author explores the concept of landscape and offers an overview of the forces that must come together to create and manage landscapes. He looks closely at people’s perceptions of and attitudes to landscape, as well as the range of ecological, technological, and cultural influences to which the designer must respond. The book contains a number of major features not found in other basic books on landscape design, including: \ • a survey of architecture in the (landscape, addressing building form and (the interplay between buildings and landscapes b-- • a systems approach, covering the ^“"■diversity of design influences and models for synthesizing them ssions of natural processes and the appropriateness of designed form in a natural condition nalyses of the spatial and temporal aspects of perception and their implications for design a summary of ordering mechanisms used in landscape design, including the visual arts, geometry, and circulation a review of differing value systems and the ways in which they influence landscape design The book also contains an important and original analysis of design (Continued on back flap) A VAN NOSTRAND REINHOLD BOOK . ■ Introduction to Landscape Design Introduction to Landscape Design John L. Motloch Department of Landscape Architecture Texas A&M University VAN NOSTRAND REINHOLD _New York To Cindy for her untiring psychological support and to Pam for her understanding Copyright © 1991 by Van Nostrand Reinhold Library of Congress Catalog Number 90-32585 ISBN 0-442-23688-3 All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems—without written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Van Nostrand Reinhold 115 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10003 Chapman and Hall 2-6 Boundary Row London SE1 8HN, England Thomas Nelson Australia 102 Dodds Street South Melbourne 3205 Victoria, Australia Nelson Canada 1120 Birchmount Road Scarborough, Ontario M1K 5G4, Canada 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 987654 3 21 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Motloch, John. Introduction to landscape design / John L. Motloch. p. cm. Contents: Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-442-23688-3 1. Landscape architecture. I. Title. SB472.M68 1990 712—dc20 90-32585 CIP Contents Soil-Forming Processes 51 Preface vii Biologic Processes 52 Form as Expression of Force, Material, and Time Introduction I 53 Landscape 1 Regional Landscapes 53 Design 1 Spirit of Place 53 Landscape Design 2 Place as System and Infrastructure 54 Forces 2 Resource Availability 3 Looking Forward 3 Chapter 5 Resources and Technology 55 Land and Landform 55 Water 65 PART 1 CONCEPTS AND OVERVIEW 5 Plants 73 Chapter I Landscape Meanings 7 Construction Materials and Technology 86 Method of Study 7 Meanings 8 Chapter 6 Sensual Aspects of Axioms for Reading the Landscape 9 Perception 106 Landscape Interpretations 10 The Perceptual-Cognitive Process 106 Simple and Complex (Interactive) Chapter 2 People, Attitudes, and Perception 106 Perceptions 22 Stimuli and Mental Patterns 106 The Basis of Attitudes 22 Visual and Spatial Perception 107 Recurring Traditions of Expression 25 Stimuli, Human Interaction, and Security 110 Landscape Implications 30 Stimuli and Symbolic Meanings 113 Landscape Design in the Twenty-First Century Stimuli and Social Conditioning 114 32 Comfort-Physiological Perception 114 Designing Appropriate Stimuli 114 Chapter 3 Education and Design Thinking 34 Chapter 7 Temporal Aspects of Thinking and Education 34 Perception 116 Mechanics of the Mind 36 Temporal Aspects of Landscapes 116 Feeling 36 Time-Space Relationships 117 Whole-Brain Knowing 37 Cultural Attitudes Concerning Time 117 Design Thinking 37 Time and Perception 118 Time and Distance 119 Movement and Perception 119 PART II DESIGN INFLUENCES 43 Temporal Paradox 121 Chapter 4 Landscape Process 45 Design as an Expression of Time 123 Ecological Forces 45 Design as a Response to Rate of Movement 124 Landscape Form and Pattern Recognition 45 Design as Temporal Networks 124 Geologic Processes 45 Design Approaches 125 vi Contents Chapter 8 Visual Arts as Ordering PART 3 DESIGN PARADIGMS 237 Mechanism 126 Chapter 13 Design as Creative Problem- Elements and Principles of Visual Form 126 Solving 239 Commonality of Design Processes 239 Chapter 9 Geometry as Ordering Design Processes and Landscape Architecture Mechanism 139 242 Euclidean Geometry 139 Geometry in Nature 144 Chapter 14 Changing Paradigms and Processes 257 Chapter 10 Circulation as Ordering Paradigms 257 Mechanism 150 The Emerging Role of the Landscape Designer Pedestrian Circulation 150 263 Truck and Automobile Circulation 163 Bus Transit 175 Chapter 15 Ecological Health and Rail Transport 175 Sustainability 267 Air and Water Transport 176 Systems Theory and Landscape Design 267 Sustainability 270 Chapter 11 Spatial Development 177 State of the Art 274 Spatial Perception 177 Computers and Sustainability 276 Sense of Place 188 Spatial Development 189 Chapter 16 Psychological Health and Placemaking 278 Chapter 12 Architecture and Site Place Perception 278 Placemaking 285 Development 214 Site Design Intent 214 Glossary 291 Influences of Architectural Morphology 214 Built-Site Synergisms 224 Index 299
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