Introduction to Hybrid Vehicle System Modeling and Control

429 Pages·2013·43.11 MB·English

by  Wei Liu

INTRODUCTION TO
HYBRID VEHICLE
SYSTEM MODELING
AND CONTROL

INTRODUCTION TO
HYBRID VEHICLE
SYSTEM MODELING
AND CONTROL
WEI LIU
A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData:
Liu,Wei,1960Aug30-
Introductiontohybridvehiclesystemmodeling&control/WeiLiu.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-118-30840-0
1. Hybridelectricvehicles–Simulationmethods.2.Hybridelectricvehicles–Mathematical
models. I. Title.
TL221.15.L582012
629.22(cid:2)93–dc23
2012009797
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10987654321
To my wife, Mei, and son, Oliver

CONTENTS
Preface xv
Nomenclature xix
Abbreviations xxv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 General Architectures of Hybrid Electric Vehicle, 2
1.1.1 Series Hybrid, 2
1.1.2 Parallel Hybrid, 3
1.1.3 Series–Parallel Hybrid, 3
1.2 Hybrid Vehicle System Components, 5
1.3 Hybrid Vehicle System Analysis, 6
1.3.1 Power Flow of Hybrid Vehicles, 6
1.3.2 Typical Drive Cycles, 7
1.3.3 Vehicle Drivability, 8
1.3.4 Vehicle Fuel Economy and Emissions, 8
1.4 Controls of Hybrid Vehicle, 8
References, 10
2 Basic Components of Hybrid Vehicle 11
2.1 Prime Mover, 11
2.1.1 Gasoline Engine, 11
vii
viii CONTENTS
2.1.2 Diesel Engine, 12
2.1.3 Fuel Cells, 14
2.2 Electric Motor with DC/DC Converter and DC/AC Inverter, 15
2.3 Energy Storage System, 17
2.3.1 Energy Storage System Requirements for Hybrid
Vehicles, 17
2.3.2 Basic Types of Batteries for Hybrid Vehicle System
Application, 19
2.4 Transmission System in Hybrid Vehicle, 24
References, 24
3 Hybrid Vehicle System Modeling 25
3.1 Modeling of Internal Combustion Engine, 25
3.2 Modeling of Electric Motor, 32
3.3 Modeling of Battery System, 37
3.4 Modeling of Transmission System, 42
3.4.1 Modeling of Clutch and Power Split Device, 42
3.4.2 Modeling of Torque Converter, 50
3.4.3 Modeling of Gear Box, 52
3.4.4 Modeling of Transmission Controller, 53
3.5 Modeling of Final Drive and Wheel, 56
3.6 Modeling of Vehicle Body, 58
3.7 PID-Based Driver Model, 59
References, 61
4 Power Electronics and Electric Motor Drives of Hybrid Vehicle 63
4.1 Basic Power Electronic Devices, 63
4.1.1 Diodes, 64
4.1.2 Thyristors, 65
4.1.3 Bipolar Junction Transistors, 67
4.1.4 Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors, 69
4.1.5 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors, 71
4.2 DC/DC Converter, 72
4.2.1 Basic Principle of DC–DC Converter, 72
4.2.2 Step-Down (Buck) Converter, 74
4.2.2.1 Steady-State Operation, 76
4.2.2.2 Output Voltage Ripple, 80
4.2.3 Step-Up (Boost) Converter, 83
4.2.4 Step-Down/Up (Buck–Boost) Converter, 86
4.2.5 DC–DC Converters Applied in Hybrid Vehicle
Systems, 90
4.2.5.1 Isolated Buck DC–DC Converter, 90
4.2.5.2 Four-Quadrant DC–DC Converter, 94