Introduction to Electronic Defense Systems

603 Pages·2018·68.6 MB·English

by  Filippo Neri

Introduction to
Electronic Defense Systems
Third Edition
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For a listing of recent titles in the
Artech House Electronic Warfare Library,
turn to the back of this book.
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Introduction to
Electronic Defense Systems
Third Edition
Filippo Neri
artechhouse.com
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the U.S. Library of Congress
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 13: 978-1-63081-534-9
Cover design by John Gomes
© 2018 Artech House
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Norwood, MA
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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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To my wife Lidia, with love
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Contents
Foreword xiii
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
CHAPTER 1
Electronic Defense 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Systems in Use in the Armed Forces 2
1.2.1 Air Force Assets and Operations 3
1.2.2 Navy Assets and Operations 10
1.2.3 Army Assets and Operations 16
1.2.4 UAVs 17
1.3 Main Weapon Systems 21
1.4 Objectives of Electronic Defense 22
1.4.1 Organization of Electronic Defense 22
1.5 Electronic Defense Systems and Their Operational Objective 23
1.5.1 SIGINT 23
1.5.2 ELINT 24
1.5.3 COMINT 24
1.5.4 Electronic Support 25
1.5.5 ESM-COM 26
1.5.6 Infrared Warning 26
1.5.7 Laser Warning Receivers 27
1.5.8 ECMs 27
1.5.9 ECM-COM 29
1.5.10 Infrared Countermeasures 29
1.5.11 ECM-Lasers 29
1.5.12 ECCMs 30
1.5.13 Command, Control, Communication, Computer and
Surveillance, and Reconnaissance 30
1.6 Information and Cyberspace 30
1.6.1 Information Operation 30
1.6.2 Information Warfare 31
1.6.3 Cyberspace and Cyber Warfare 31
1.6.4 Cyber Intelligence 33
1.6.5 Cyberattacks 34
vii
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viii Contents
1.6.6 Cyber Protection 35
1.6.7 Cyber Electromagnetic Activities 35
1.7 Need for the Study of Weapon Systems 36
References 36
CHAPTER 2
Sensors 37
2.1 Introduction 37
2.2 Radar Sensors 38
2.2.1 Review of Electromagnetic Signal Transmission 38
2.2.2 Main Radar Components and the Radar Equation 43
2.2.3 Radar Equation in the Operational Environment 66
2.2.4 Radar Techniques 81
2.2.5 Search Radar 104
2.2.6 SAR 118
2.2.7 Tracking Radars 125
2.2.8 Airborne Radars (Interceptors) 152
2.2.9 Multifunction Radars 172
2.3 Infrared Sensors 185
2.3.1 Review of Radiant Energy 185
2.3.2 Infrared Radiation Produced by Targets of Interest 191
2.3.3 IR Range Equation 196
2.3.4 Suppression of Background Effects 201
2.3.5 IR Systems 201
References 203
CHAPTER 3
Weapon Systems 207
3.1 Introduction 207
3.2 Artillery Systems 208
3.2.1 Firing Accuracy 209
3.2.2 Susceptibility to Jamming of an Artillery System 212
3.3 Missile Systems 212
3.3.1 Command Missiles 214
3.3.2 Beam-Riding Missiles 215
3.3.3 Semiactive Homing Missiles 216
3.3.4 Active Homing Missiles 220
3.3.5 Track-Via-Missile Systems 221
3.3.6 Passive IR-Guided Missiles 221
3.3.7 Sea-Skimming Missiles 227
3.4 Passive Antiradiation Missiles 228
3.5 Laser Weapon Systems 231
3.5.1 The Laser 231
3.5.2 The Laser Equation 233
3.5.3 Laser Applications 233
3.6 Stealth Aircraft 234
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Contents ix
3.7 Communications Systems 236
3.7.1 Networks 237
3.7.2 Types of Transmission (Links) 238
3.7.3 The Message 242
3.7.4 Examples of Communications Systems 244
3.7.5 Software Radio 248
3.7.6 Civilian Communication Networks 250
3.8 Information Operations 250
3.8.1 Information Cycle: The OODA Loop 251
3.8.2 Information Processes and Tools 252
3.8.3 Information Contents (on Subjects or Events) 254
3.8.4 Parameters Defining Information Value 254
3.8.5 Information in War Operations 255
3.8.6 Network Centric Warfare 256
References 257
CHAPTER 4
Electronic Intercept Systems 259
4.1 Introduction 259
4.2 RF Passive Systems 260
4.2.1 The Equation of RF Passive Systems 260
4.2.2 Radar Warning Receivers 262
4.2.3 ESM Systems 268
4.2.4 ELINT 301
4.2.5 Digital Receiver for Modern Intercept Systems 304
4.2.6 RWR/ESM Architectures with DRX 336
4.2.7 Typical Performances of a Modern Naval ESM System 347
4.2.8 Airborne Advanced Intercept Systems and Location
Techniques 351
4.2.9 Passive Surveillance System Networks 357
4.3 Infrared Intercept Systems 360
4.3.1 MLW/Missile Approach Warner 362
4.3.2 FLIRs 362
4.4 Communication ESM and COMINT 362
4.4.1 Communication ESM 363
4.4.2 COMINT 366
References 366
CHAPTER 5
Electronic Countermeasure Systems 369
5.1 Introduction 369
5.2 Onboard ECM Systems 369
5.2.1 Passive Systems 369
5.2.2 Active Onboard Systems 373
5.2.3 Jammer Equations 388
5.2.4 Digital Radio-Frequency Memory 394
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