Introduction to 80X86 Assembly Language and Computer Architecture

429 Pages·2001·30.25 MB·English

by  Richard C. Detmer

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.
.Introduction to 80x86 Assembly Language and Computer Architecture
by Richard C. Detmer ISBN:0763717738
Jones and Bartlett Publishers © 2001 (499 pages)
This text prepares the student to program effectively in any programming language, to pursue
advanced studies in computer design and architecture, and to learn more about system detail
for specific computers.

Table of Contents
Introduction to 80×86 Assembly Language and Computer Architecture
Preface
Chapter 1 - Representing Data in a Computer
Chapter 2 - Parts of a Computer System
Chapter 3 - Elements of Assembly Language
Chapter 4 - Basic Instructions
Chapter 5 - Branching and Looping
Chapter 6 - Procedures
Chapter 7 - String Operations
Chapter 8 - Bit Manipulation
Chapter 9 - The Assembly Process
Chapter 10 - Floating-Point Arithmetic
Chapter 11 - Decimal Arithmetic
Chapter 12 - Input/Output
Appendix A - Hexadecimal/ASCII conversion
Appendix B - Useful MS-DOS Commands
Appendix C - MASM 6.11 Reserved Words
Appendix D - 80x86 Instructions (by Mnemonic)
Appendix E - 80x86 Instructions (by Opcode)
Index
List of Figures
List of Exercises
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Back Cover
Introduction to 80x86 Assembly Language and Computer Architecture offers students a hands-on introduction to assembly
language and computer architecture. Students learn about architecture in the classic sense, at the assembly language level
of abstraction. The text presents 80x86 assembly language in the same flat 32-bit address environment employed by current
operating systems.
Features:
Highlights 32-bit flat memory model and 32-bit instructions.
Emphasis on architecture; students learn about registers, memory addressing, hardware capabilities, and much
more.
Reinforcement of high-level language concepts.
Early introduction to assembly language programming and Microsoft’s WinDbg debugger.
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Introduction to 80×86 Assembly Language and Computer
Architecture
Richard C. Detmer
Middle Tennessee State University
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Copyright © 2001 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc.
Cover Image © Stone/Peter Poulides
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Detmer, Richard C.
Introduction to 80x86 Assembly Language and Computer Architecture / Richard Detmer.
p. cm.
Includes index.
0-7637-1773-8
1. Computer architecture. 2. Assembler language (Computer program language) I.
Title.
QA76.9.A73 D48 2001
004.2¢2-dc21
00-069028
All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without
written permission from the copyright owner.
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Printing and Binding: Courier Westford
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This book was typeset in Quark 4.1 on a Macintosh G4. The font families used were Serifa, Frutiger, and Courier. The
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05 04 03 02 01 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Dedicated to
my mother, Emma Langenhop Detmer Baldwin Toombs
and my uncle, Carl E. Langenhop
both of whom encouraged me to become a scholar.
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Preface
A computer can be viewed from many different levels. Many people are interested only in using applications such as
word processing or games. A computer programmer, however, often sees the computer as an instrument to create
new applications software. A high-level language programmer's image of the computer is provided by the language
compiler, which gives the impression that the computer stores object types like integer, real, and array of char in named
memory locations, calculates values of expressions, calls procedures, executes while loops, and so forth.
However, an actual computer works at even lower levels. This book emphasizes the architectural level, that is, the
level defined by the machine instructions that the processor can execute. Assembly-language instructions translate
directly into machinelanguage instructions, so that when you write an assembly-language program, you gain an
understanding of how the computer works at the machine-language level.
Although this book emphasizes the assembly-language/machine-language level of computer operations, it also looks
at other levels. For instance, it describes how high-level language concepts such as if statements are realized at the
machine level. It discusses some of the functions of the operating system. It briefly describes the logic gates that are
used at the hardware level. It also looks at how assembly language is translated into machine language.
To program effectively at any level, programmers must understand certain fundamental principles at the machine level.
These apply to most computer architectures. Introduction to 80x86 Assembly Language and Computer Architecture
teaches these fundamental concepts:
memory addressing, CPU registers and their uses
representation of data in a computer in numeric formats and as character strings
instructions to operate on 2's complement integers
instructions to operate on individual bits
instructions to handle strings of characters
instructions for branching and looping
coding of procedures: transfer of control, parameter passing, local variables, and preserving the
environment for the calling program
The primary architecture covered is the Intel 80x86 CPU family used in many personal computers. However, almost
every chapter includes information about other architectures, or about different computer levels. Programming in
assembly language and studying related concepts in Introduction to 80x86 Assembly Language and Computer
Architecture prepares the student to program effectively in any programming language, to pursue advanced studies in
computer design and architecture, or to learn more about system details for specific computers.
Text Organization and Content
Much of the material in this book is based on my previous book, Fundamentals of Assembly Language Programming
Using the IBM PC and Compatibles. While teaching this material through the years, I have increasingly come to the
conclusion that an assembly language course is the best place to introduce computer architecture to most students.
This book reflects a stronger emphasis on architecture than on programming. It also concentrates on general concepts
as opposed to the details of a particular computer system.
The minimal prerequisite for my assembly language class is a good understanding of a structured high-level language.
Chapters 3 through 6 and Chapter 8 form the core of my one-semester course. I normally cover Chapters 1-8
thoroughly, Chapter 9 quickly, and then choose topics from Chapters 10-12 depending on time and resources
available. For instance, I sometimes introduce floating-point operations via in-line assembly statements in a C++
program.
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Style and Pedagogy
The text primarily teaches by example. A complete assembly-language program is presented very early, in Chapter 3,
and its components are carefully examined at a level that the student is able to understand. Subsequent chapters
include many examples of assembly language code along with appropriate explanations of new or difficult concepts.
The text uses numerous figures and examples. Many series of "before" and "after" examples are given for instructions.
Examples are included that illustrate the use of a debugger. These examples give the student a stronger sense of
what is happening inside the computer.
Exercises appear at the end of each section. Short-answer exercises reinforce understanding of the material just
covered, and programming exercises offer an opportunity to apply the material to assembly-language programs.
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Software Environment
The "standard" 80x86 assembler is Microsoft's Macro Assembler (MASM), version 6.11. Although this assembler can
produce code for 32-bit flat memory model programming appropriate to a Windows 95, Windows NT, or other 32-bit
Microsoft operating system environment, the linker and debugger that come with this software package are not
suitable for use in such an environment. This book comes with a CD containing the assembler program from MASM
(ML), a more recent Microsoft linker, the 32-bit fullscreen debugger WinDbg (also from Microsoft), and necessary
supporting files. This software package provides a good environment for producing and debugging console
applications.
The CD included with the book also contains a package designed to simplify input/output for the student, so that the
emphasis remains on architecture rather than operating system details. This I/O package is used extensively through
most of the book. Finally, the CD contains source code for each program that appears as a figure in the book.
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Instructor's Support
Supplementary materials for this book include an Instructor's Guide that contains some teaching tips and solutions to
many exercises. In addition, the author can be contacted at [email protected] with questions or comments.
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