Published by Icon Books Ltd, Omnibus Business Centre, 39–41 North Road, London N7 9DP Email: [email protected] www.introducingbooks.com ISBN: 978-178578-015-8 Text copyright © 2012 Icon Books Ltd Illustrations copyright © 2012 Icon Books Ltd The author and illustrator has asserted their moral rights Originating editor: Richard Appignanesi No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, or by any means, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Contents Cover Title Page Copyright A Radical Change in Philosophy The Fork The Father The Paterfamilias The Mother The Doomed Family The Curse of God The Prophecy Relief Student Life The Holy Alliance Futility Reconciliation Father and Son The Irony of Socrates Regine Olsen A Dreadful Mistake The Broken Engagement Strange Deceiver Escape to Berlin Finding a Way The Lectures The Hegelian Dialectic Objects and Thoughts Individuals and Communities The Individual Submerged Kierkegaard’s Criticism of Hegel The Future and the Past Humanity Is Not an Idea Truth and Commitment Fictional and Real People Is this Fair? The Outsider The Philistines The Crowd The Writer’s Existence Either/Or Against Consensus The Reader’s Choice The Aesthete Don Juan “Diary of a Seducer” The Aesthetic Life and Despair Emptiness Disillusionment Escape from Life Judge Wilhelm Marriage and Commitment Choose Despair Ethics, the Individual and the Eternal Who is Judge Wilhelm? The Religious Life Stages and Leaps The Religious Stage Freedom Is a Choice Books, Books, Books … The Swelling Mind The Imagined Future Indecision “Being Present to Oneself” Repetition is in the Present What is Existence? No Guide to Choice Dread, Despair and Guilt The Eccentric Dane Beliefs and Uncertainty A Faith Based on Reason? Natural Theology Religion and Philosophy Incompatibilists Negative Theology Pascal’s Wager The Ultimate Incompatibilist State Christianity Rational Christendom True Christians Demonstrating Existence The Ontological Argument The Reasoning Irrationalist Hans Lassen Martensen Hegel’s Christ The Folk Religion Kierkegaard’s Christ The Transcendent God Objective and Subjective Truth The Leap of Faith Faith and Proof A Way of Life Fear and Trembling The Divine Command The Ethical and Religious Spheres The Religious Sphere Beyond Civic Duties The Reader’s Choice The Knight of Faith The Concept of Dread The Meaning of Dread Adam’s Temptation The Fear of Freedom Inheriting Original Sin Sex and Sin The Age of Anxiety Further Stages The Nightmares The Sickness Unto Death Our Task of Therapy Willpower and the Self Neglect of the Self What is the Sickness? Being a True Christian The Monastery in the World The Applicant Pastor The Wild and the Tame Bishop Mynster The Instant The Corsair Incident “The Present Age” The Modern Public Last Years Sickness and Death The Deathbed The Legacy Kierkegaard the Aesthete The Production Line How to Approach Kierkegaard The Father of Existentialism? Who is an Existentialist? The Anonymous Crowd Indifference to Choice The Objectively Subjective Passionate Belief Existence and Human Presence Responsibility and Commitment Cowardice Existentialist Key Words What Does He Mean? Subjective Truth Are We Really “Free”? The Issue of Determinism Is the Mind Transparent? The Uncertainty of Freedom Social Products The Abstraction of Freedom Kierkegaard’s Grandchildren Modern Theology Existentialist Theologians Postmodern Anti-Philosopher Is There a “True Self”? Adorno, Irigaray, Derrida The Open Reading Further Reading About the Author and Artist Acknowledgements Index A Radical Change in Philosophy For over 2,000 years, philosophers had insisted that their primary task was to establish what counted as certain and reliable knowledge. Søren Kierkegaard violently disagreed. The job of philosophy wasn’t to tell us what we could know. It had to tell us what we should do.