Introducing Bertrand Russell: A Graphic Guide PDF
Preview Introducing Bertrand Russell: A Graphic Guide
Published by Icon Books Ltd, Omnibus Business Centre, 39–41 North Road, London N7 9DP Email: [email protected] www.introducingbooks.com ISBN: 978-178578-008-0 Text copyright © 2012 Icon Books Ltd Illustrations copyright © 2012 Icon Books Ltd The author and illustrator has asserted their moral rights Originating editor: Richard Appignanesi No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, or by any means, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Contents Cover Title Page Copyright Russell, the Militant Philosopher Russell’s Upbringing Fear of Madness The Geometry Lesson A Pure and Perfect World The Quest For Reason Free at Last… The Platonist View of Mathematics The Reality of Numbers The Formalist View Three Kinds of Knowledge Against Idealism G.E. Moore and Propositions The Foundations of Mathematics What is Mathematics? The Breakthrough The Logic of Classes The Eureka Moment Mathematics as an Escape Russell’s Devastating Paradox A Sense of Disillusionment Principia Mathematica Types, Functions and Levels How Certain is Certainty? Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorem Conclusions Thus Far The Strange World of Logic Analytic Questions of Logic What is Logic? Lady Ottoline Morell Empiricism and British Empiricists Descartes, Locke and Empirical Truth Berkeley, the Idealist Sceptic Hume on Impressions Mill’s Phenomenalism Russell’s Theory of Knowledge A Logical Hypothesis On Denoting Language and Reality Definite Descriptions Paradoxes and Puzzles Russell’s Solution The Conclusion About Words and Referring Grammatical Existence Logical Atomism as a System What Can be Referred to? Russell and Berkeley A Pure Logical Language Analytic Philosophy Wittgenstein: Benign or Malign Influence? The Mystery of Names and Objects But is it True? Russell’s Theories of Meaning The Ideational or Mentalist Theory The Atomist Theory Behavioural Theory Frege’s Sense and Reference Wittgenstein’s “Ghost” of Meaning The Problems of Philosophy Two Kinds of Knowledge The Other Problems of Philosophy Universals and Particulars Are Universals Real? What is Truth? Seeing as God Might See Wittgenstein, the Prodigal Son The Ferocious Student Parting of the Ways Joseph Conrad The First World War The Conscription Issue The Pacifist Russell Prison Theories of Mind The Idealist Theory of Mind The Materialist Answer Double Aspect Theory Russell’s Neutral Monism Evaluation of Russell’s Theory A Satisfactory War A Bitter Turn Dora and the Russian Revolution Experience of Bolshevism A Visit to China Failure and Renewal Russell and Science The New Physics Philosophy and Science After Russell The Beacon Hill Experiment Sexual Freedom, Almost Russell’s Politics The Anarchist View of Power Socialism and the State The Threat of Nationalism World Government Naïve About Politics Not Completely a Goose The Prophet’s Blind Spot Scandal in America Russell and Religion No Proof or Disproof of God The Enemy of Christianity Russell in the Nuclear Age The Peril of Nuclear Holocaust The Nobel Prize Pugwash and CND Committee of 100 Schoenman and the Prophet The Viper The Closing Years The End Assessments of Russell’s Work Philosophical Descendants The Linguistic Analysis School The Deeper Aim of Philosophy The Failure of Empiricism Russell, the Intellectual Icon Further Reading About the Author and Artist Acknowledgements Index Russell, the Militant Philosopher Everyone has heard of Bertrand Russell. He was a great thinker, an agitator imprisoned for his beliefs, and a man who changed Western philosophy for ever. He was a profound sceptic who refused to take anything for granted and protested all his life – against the senseless slaughter of the First World War, against the evils of all kinds of totalitarian dictatorship, and against nuclear weapons which he thought would eventually destroy us all. He wrote on a huge range of subjects and his work has influenced large numbers of people – from stuffy academics to scruffy anarchists. “I 20 F A MAJORITY IN EVERY CIVILIZED COUNTRY SO DESIRED, WE COULD, WITHIN YEARS, ABOLISH ALL ABJECT POVERTY, QUITE HALF THE ILLNESS IN THE WORLD, THE WHOLE ECONOMIC SLAVERY WHICH BINDS DOWN NINE TENTHS OF OUR POPULATION; WE COULD ” FILL THE WORLD WITH BEAUTY AND JOY, AND SECURE THE REIGN OF UNIVERSAL PEACE.
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