Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in exercise and sport

393 Pages·2007·1.776 MB·English

by  Martin Hagger, Nikos Chatzisarantis

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Intrinsic Motivation and
Self-Determination in
Exercise and Sport
Martin S. Hagger, PhD
University of Nottingham
Nikos L.D. Chatzisarantis, PhD
University of Plymouth
Note: This e-book reproduces the text of the printed book, but it may not include images, tables, or
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HumHaUnM KAinNetics
KINETICS
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in exercise and sport / [edited by] Martin
Hagger, Nikos Chatzisarantis.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-7360-6250-3 (hard cover)
ISBN-10: 0-7360-6250-5 (hard cover)
1. Sports--Psychological aspects. 2. Exercise--Psychological aspects. 3. Intrinsic
motivation. I. Hagger, Martin. II. Chatzisarantis, Nikos.
[DNLM: 1. Exercise--psychology. 2. Physical Fitness--psychology. 3. Motivation. 4.
Sports--psychology. QT 255 1618 2007]
GV7006.4.I592 2007
796'.01--dc22
2006038971
ISBN-10: 0-7360-6250-5 (print) ISBN-10: 0-7360-8767-2 (Adobe PDF)
ISBN-13: 978-0-7360-6250-3 (print) ISBN-13: 978-0-7360-8767-4 (Adobe PDF)
Copyright © 2007 by Martin S. Hagger and Nikos L.D. Chatzisarantis
All rights reserved. Except for use in a review, the reproduction or utilization of this work
in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including xerography, photocopying, and recording, and in any information
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Designer: Nancy Rasmus; Photographer (interior): Photo on page 21 © Digital Vision;
photo on page 141 © StockByte; Art Manager: Kelly Hendren; Illustrator: Al Wilborn;
Illustration on inside front cover courtesy of Martin S. Hagger; Printer: Edwards Brothers
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To my parents, Lazaros and Despoina Chatzisarantis;
my grandparents, Dimitris and Evanthia Chatzisaranti;
my wife, Madalina Cruceru; and Marika and Nikos
Syriopoulou.
Nikos Chatzisarantis
To the Hagger clan: Elinor, Mike, Damian, and Mary-
Jane.
Martin Hagger

C O N T E N T S
Contributors ix
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xv
Introduction Active Human Nature: Self-Determination Theory and
the Promotion and Maintenance of Sport, Exercise, and Health 1
Richard M. Ryan, PhD; and Edward L. Deci, PhD
Intrinsic Motivation and Our Active Nature 2 (cid:129) Beyond
Intrinsic Motivation: Internalization and Extrinsic Forms
of Motivation 6 (cid:129) Basic Needs Theory: Self- Determination
Theory and the Facilitating Environment 13 (cid:129) Motivation,
Vitality, and Health: When Self-Regulation Is Not
Depleting 16 (cid:129) Conclusions, Musings, and Future
Directions 17
PART I Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Exercise 21
1 Exercise Participation Motives: A Self-Determination
Theory Perspective 23
David Markland, PhD; and David K. Ingledew, PhD
The Theoretical Status of Participation Motives 24 (cid:129) Measurement
of Participation Motives 25 (cid:129) Participation Motives and Engage-
ment in Various Types of Activity 26 (cid:129) Participation Motives and
Exercise Behavior 27 (cid:129) Participation Motives and Well-Being 29 (cid:129)
Participation Motives and Body Image 30 (cid:129) Participation Motives
and Autonomy: Beyond the Intrinsic–Extrinsic Dichotomy 31 (cid:129)
Conclusions and Implications for Exercise Promotion 32
2 Perceived Autonomy Support and Psychological
Need Satisfaction in Exercise 35
Jemma K. Edmunds, PhD; Nikos Ntoumanis, PhD; and
Joan L. Duda, PhD
The Self-Determination Perspective in Exercise 35 (cid:129) Autonomy
Support, Psychological Needs, and Autonomous Regulation 36 (cid:129)
Psychological Needs, Autonomous Regulation, and Exercise
Behavior 38 (cid:129) Predicting Maladaptive Exercise Engagement 40 (cid:129)
Ethnic and Cultural Group Considerations 42 (cid:129) Promoting
Autonomy Support in the Exercise Domain 44 (cid:129) Summary and
Avenues for Future Research 48
v
vi Contents
3 The Trans-Contextual Model of Motivation 53
Martin S. Hagger, PhD; and Nikos L.D. Chatzisarantis, PhD
The Trans-Contextual Model: Component Theories 54 (cid:129) The
Trans-Contextual Model: Three Premises for Theoretical
Integration 56 (cid:129) Perceived Autonomy Support 59 (cid:129) Testing the
Trans-Contextual Model 60 (cid:129) Conclusions, Recommendations for
Future Research, and Practical Considerations 68
4 Self-Determination and Motivation in Physical Education 71
Martyn Standage, PhD; Fiona Gillison, MSc; and
Darren C. Treasure, PhD
Autonomy Support in Physical Education 73 (cid:129) Other Influen-
cial Social Context Factors 74 (cid:129) Basic Psychological Needs 77 (cid:129)
Motivational Regulations and Related Consequences 79 (cid:129) Tests of
the Motivational Sequence 80 (cid:129) Practical Implications in Physical
Education 80 (cid:129) Avenues for Future Self-Determination Theory Work
in Physical Education 82 (cid:129) Conclusion 83
5 Self-Determination Theory and Motivational Interviewing
in Exercise 87
David Markland, PhD; and Maarten Vansteenkiste, PhD
The Principles of Motivational Interviewing 89 (cid:129) Intrinsic Motivation
in Motivational Interviewing: A Conceptual Refinement 94 (cid:129)
Conclusions and Applied Implications 96
6 Self-Determination Theory, Exercise, and Well-Being 101
Philip M. Wilson, PhD; and Wendy M. Rodgers, PhD
The Self and Well-Being 102 (cid:129) A Self-Determination Perspective on
the Self and Well-Being 103 (cid:129) Is the Evidence Consistent With
Theory? 104 (cid:129) Summary and Recommendations 109
7 The Flow State and Physical Activity Behavior Change as
Motivational Outcomes: A Self-Determination Theory
Perspective 113
Michelle Fortier, PhD; and John Kowal, PhD
Self-Determination Theory and Flow 114 (cid:129) Self-Determination Theory
and Physical Activity Behavior Change 118 (cid:129) Conclusion 124
8 Perceived Feedback and Motivation in Physical Education
and Physical Activity 127
Vello Hein, PhD; and Andre Koka, PhD
Perceived Feedback as a Source of Competence 128 (cid:129) M easurement
of Types of Perceived Feedback 130 (cid:129) Relationship Between
Perceived Feedback and Motivation in Physical Education 132 (cid:129)
Practical Recommendations and Future Directions for Research 138
Contents vii
PART II Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Sport 141
9 Measurement Issues in Self-Determination Theory and Sport 143
Luc G. Pelletier, PhD; and Philippe Sarrazin, PhD
Versions of the Sport Motivation Scale 144 (cid:129) Construct Measurement
Issues 146 (cid:129) Future Research and Applications 150
10 Motivation in Elite-Level Sport: A Self-Determination Perspective 153
Darren C. Treasure, PhD; Pierre-Nicolas Lemyre, PhD;
Kendy K. Kuczka, PhD; and Martyn Standage, PhD
Motivation Types 154 (cid:129) Self-Determination and Training 156 (cid:129)
Self-Determination and Performance 159 (cid:129) Basic Needs 161 (cid:129)
Practical Applications 162
11 Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Goal Promotion in Exercise and
Sport: Understanding the Differential Impacts on
Performance and Persistence 167
Maarten Vansteenkiste, PhD; Bart Soenens, MSc; and Willy Lens, PhD
Individual Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Goal Pursuit 168 (cid:129) Intrinsic
Versus Extrinsic Goal Promotion 169 (cid:129) Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic
Goal Promotion in Exercising 170 (cid:129) Obesity, Healthy Lifestyle
Change, and Weight Loss 172 (cid:129) Macro-Mediational and Micro-
Mediational Mechanisms 173 (cid:129) Future Research 176 (cid:129) Practical
Implications and Conclusion 178
12 Competence Motivation in Sport and Exercise: The
Hierarchical Model of Achievement Motivation and
Self-Determination Theory 181
David E. Conroy, PhD; Andrew J. Elliot, PhD; and
J. Douglas Coatsworth, PhD
Three Eras of Achievement Motivation 182 (cid:129) Key Concepts in
Self-Determination Theory 186 (cid:129) Linking the Hierarchical Model
of Achievement Motivation and Self-Determination Theory 188 (cid:129)
Future Research Directions 190 (cid:129) Implications for Practice 191
13 Understanding Young People’s Motivation Toward Exercise:
An Integration of Sport Ability Beliefs, Achievement Goal
Theory, and Self-Determination Theory 193
Chee Keng John Wang, PhD; and Stuart J.H. Biddle, PhD
The Context of Physical Activity 194 (cid:129) Achievement Goal Theory
195 (cid:129) Self Theories of Ability 196 (cid:129) Self-Determination Theory 197 (cid:129)
An Intraindividual Approach to Motivation 198 (cid:129) Research
Findings 199 (cid:129) Practical Implications of Research Findings 205 (cid:129)
Future Directions 207
viii Contents
14 Coaching Effectiveness: Exploring the Relationship Between
Coaching Behavior and Self-Determined Motivation 209
Anthony J. Amorose, PhD
The Nature and Determinants of Self-Determined Motivation 210 (cid:129)
Research on Coaching Behavior and Motivation 212 (cid:129) Future
Research Directions 221 (cid:129) Practical Implications 224
15 A Self-Determination Theory Approach to Dropout in Athletes 229
Philippe Sarrazin, PhD; Julie C.S. Boiché, PhD; and
Luc G. Pelletier, PhD
A Four-Stage Causal Sequence 230 (cid:129) Review of the Studies 232 (cid:129)
Research Perspectives and Future Directions 238 (cid:129) Conclusion and
Practical Implications 239
16 Self-Determination Theory and Well-Being in Athletes:
It’s the Situation That Counts 243
Marylène Gagné, PhD; and Céline Blanchard, PhD
Well-Being According to Self-Determination Theory 244 (cid:129) Well-
Being in Sport 245 (cid:129) Self-Determination and Well-Being in Sport
245 (cid:129) Diary Studies 249 (cid:129) Future Directions 251 (cid:129) Implications for
Coaching 252
17 A Hierarchical Model of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
for Sport and Physical Activity 255
Robert J. Vallerand, PhD
The Hierarchical Model of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation 256 (cid:129)
Integrative Studies 272 (cid:129) Future Directions 274 (cid:129) Practical Implica-
tions and Conclusion 277
Conclusion Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Exercise and
Sport: Reflecting on the Past and Sketching the Future 281
Nikos L.D. Chatzisarantis, PhD; and Martin S. Hagger, PhD
Methodological Issues 282 (cid:129) Self-Determination Theory and
the Antecedents of Motivation 286 (cid:129) Self-D etermination
Theory and Psychological Outcomes 287 (cid:129) Self-
Determination Theory and Exercise and Sport Behavior 290 (cid:129)
Theoretical Integration and Advancement 292 (cid:129) Conclusions
295
References 297
Index 367
About the Editors 375
C O N T R I B U T O R S
Anthony J. Amorose, PhD John Kowal, PhD
Illinois State University Ottawa Hospital General Campus
Stuart J.H. Biddle, PhD Kendy K. Kuczka, PhD
Loughborough University AIA Academy
Julie C.S. Boiché, PhD Pierre-Nicolas Lemyre, PhD
Université Joseph Fourier Norwegian University of Sport and
Physical Education
Céline Blanchard, PhD
University of Ottawa Willy Lens, PhD
University of Leuven
Nikos L.D. Chatzisarantis, PhD
University of Plymouth David Markland, PhD
University of Wales, Bangor
J. Douglas Coatsworth, PhD
Pennsylvania State University Nikos Ntoumanis, PhD
University of Birmingham
David E. Conroy, PhD
Pennsylvania State University Luc G. Pelletier, PhD
University of Ottawa
Edward L. Deci, PhD
University of Rochester Wendy M. Rodgers, PhD
University of Alberta
Joan L. Duda, PhD
University of Birmingham Richard M. Ryan, PhD
University of Rochester
Jemma K. Edmunds, PhD
University of Birmingham Philippe Sarrazin, PhD
Université Joseph Fourier
Andrew J. Elliot, PhD
University of Rochester Bart Soenens, MSc
University of Leuven
Michelle Fortier, PhD
University of Ottawa Martyn Standage, PhD
University of Bath
Marylène Gagné, PhD
Concordia University Darren C. Treasure, PhD
Competitive Advantage International
Fiona Gillison, MSc
Performance Systems
University of Bath
Robert J. Vallerand, PhD
Martin S. Hagger, PhD
Université du Québec à Montréal
University of Nottingham
Maarten Vansteenkiste, PhD
Vello Hein, PhD
University of Leuven
University of Tartu
Chee Keng John Wang, PhD
David K. Ingledew, PhD
Nanyang Technological University
University of Wales, Bangor
Philip M. Wilson, PhD
Andre Koka, PhD
Brock University
University of Tartu
ix