Interviewing Rape Victims: Practice and Policy Issues in an International Context PDF
Preview Interviewing Rape Victims: Practice and Policy Issues in an International Context
Interviewing Rape Victims DOI: 10.1057/9781137353238.0001 Other Palgrave Pivot titles Vieten M. Ulrike (editor): Revisiting Iris Marionyoung on Normalisation, Inclusion and Democracy Fuchaka Waswa, Christine Ruth Saru Kilalo, and Dominic Mwambi Mwasaru: Sustainable Community Development: Dilemma of Options in Kenya Giovanni Barone Adesi: Simulating Security Returns: A Filtered Historical Simulation Approach Daniel Briggs and Dorina Dobre: Culture and Immigration in Context: An Ethnography of Romanian Migrant Workers in London Toswell, M.J. : Borges the Unacknowledged Medievalist Anthony Lack: Martin Heidegger on Technology, Ecology, and the Arts Carlos A. Scolari, Paolo Bertetti and Matthew Freeman: Transmedia Archaeology: Storytelling in the Borderlines of Science Fiction, Comics and Pulp Magazines Judy Rohrer: Queering the Biopolitics of Citizenship in the Age of Obama Paul Jackson and Anton Shekhovtsov: The Post-War Anglo-American Far Right: A Special Relationship of Hate Elliot D. 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Douglas Atkins: T.S. Eliot’s Christmas Poems: An Essay in Writing-as-Reading and Other “Impossible Unions” Marsha Berry and Mark Schleser: Mobile Media Making in an Age of Smartphones Isabel Harbaugh: Smallholders and the Non-Farm Transition in Latin America Daniel A. Wagner (editor): Learning and Education in Developing Countries: Research and Policy for the Post-2015 UN Development Goals DOI: 10.1057/9781137353238.0001 Interviewing Rape Victims: Practice and Policy Issues in an International Context Karen Rich University of Marywood, USA DOI: 10.1057/9781137353238.0001 © Karen Rich 2014 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2014 978-1-137-35322-1 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saff ron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. Th e author has asserted her right to be identifi ed as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2014 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndsmill, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG21 6XS Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fift h Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries ISBN 978–1–137–35323–8 PDF ISBN 978–1–349-46960-4 Th is book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. www.palgrave.com/pivot doi: 10.1057/9781137353238 This book is dedicated to Irene, without whom my interest in gender and social justice may never have been ignited DOI: 10.1057/9781137353238.0001 Contents Acknowledgements x Introduction 1 Victims known personally 6 Accused known personally 6 Sexual assault education 6 Usefulness of sexual assault education 7 Number of sexual assault cases 7 Years as a police officer 7 Rank 7 General education 8 Gender 8 Age 8 Agency type 8 Negative comments heard 9 Likelihood to encourage loved ones to report 9 Marital status 9 Number and gender of children 9 Most difficult populations 10 Qualitative data 10 Terminology 11 1 Attitudes Toward Rape and Rape Victims 12 Reactions to rape victims 13 Vulnerable populations 14 Social psychological theories 15 Compliance versus consent 16 Defining rape 17 Reluctance to report 17 vi DOI: 10.1057/9781137353238.0001 Contents vii Victims’ reporting experiences 20 Repeat victims 20 Rape myth acceptance 21 Influence of rape myths acceptance on victims 22 Specific rape myths 23 Rape and racism 25 Rape myth acceptance scales 26 Rape myth acceptance and recidivist victims 26 Legitimate and illegitimate victims 27 Rape myth acceptance among police officers 28 Education and rape myth acceptance 30 Do attitudes matter? 31 Law, symbolism and rape myths 32 Rape myth acceptance measure used in the current study 32 Rape myth acceptance: findings of the current study 33 Caveats 35 Chapter summary 35 2 Skills for Interviewing Rape Reporters 36 Importance of the police response 37 Victim interviews and police culture 38 Secondary victimization of rape reporters 39 Organizational barriers to rape victim interviewing 40 Statistics, terminology, and false reports 41 Police officer characteristics 43 Ineffective interviewing techniques 44 Effective interviewing techniques 45 Individual obstacles to effectiveness 51 Institutional obstacles to implementation 52 Victim perspectives 53 Sworn victim statements 54 Interdisciplinary collaboration 56 Sample excerpts 57 Example A 57 Example B 59 Reporting options 62 Domestic violence cases 63 Sex trafficking cases 63 Psychological effects of sex trafficking 64 DOI: 10.1057/9781137353238.0001 viii Contents Professional responses to sex trafficking 64 Police responses to sex trafficking 66 Campus rape 67 Officer training strategies 67 Knowledge of Interview Techniques (KIT) scale 68 Findings: knowledge of interview techniques 69 Implications for practice 71 Summary 72 3 Victims’ Rights and Victims’ Advocates 73 Why victim services? 74 Police approaches to victim services 74 Interdisciplinary collaboration 75 Victim advocacy and rape crisis centers 77 Values and practices of rape crisis organizations 78 Assistance with criminal justice goals 80 Assistance with special populations 81 International perspectives on ‘victims’ rights 83 Implementation problems 84 Model programs and interventions 86 The future of victim’s rights: victims’ attorneys 88 Criticisms of victim advocates 89 Police officers’ resistance to collaboration 89 Advocates’ perspectives 91 Current study 92 Findings 93 Implications for practice 96 Caveats 97 Chapter summary 97 4 Gender Issues in Rape Victim Interviewing 99 Gender and policing: controversies in the field 100 Gendered organizations and occupational socialization 101 Proportionality and gender balancing 104 Gender and rape processing 104 Gender, organizational support and stress 106 Strengths of successful policewomen 107 Current study 107 Findings 108 DOI: 10.1057/9781137353238.0001 Contents ix Should women or men interview rape victims? 110 Implications for practice 112 Caveats 113 Chapter summary 113 5 Summary and Conclusions 115 Recommendations for police administrators 119 Recommendations for individual police officers 122 Recommendations for researchers and practitioners in other fields 123 Broader questions 124 6 Limitations and Future Directions 126 References 134 Index 148 DOI: 10.1057/9781137353238.0001
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