Interventional cardiology: principles and practice PDF
Preview Interventional cardiology: principles and practice
Interventional Cardiology Principles and Practice Second Edition Edited by George D. Dangas, MD, PhD, FACC, FSCAI, FESC, FAHA Professor of Medicine Director, Cardiovascular Innovation Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, NY USA Carlo Di Mario, MD, PhD, FRCP, FACC, FSCAI, FESC Consultant Cardiologist Royal Brompton Hospital Professor of Clinical Cardiology National Heart & Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK Nicholas N. Kipshidze, MD, PhD, FACC, FESC, FSCAI Professor of Medicine and Surgery Consultant Cardiologist N. Kipshidze Central University Hospital Tbilisi, Georgia Director, New York Cardiovascular Research, New York, NY USA Associate Editors Peter Barlis and Tayo Addo Foreword by Patrick W. Serruys, MD, PhD This edition first published 2017 © 2011, 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Registered Office John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK 1606 Golden Aspen Drive, Suites 103 and 104, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley‐blackwell. The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. 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No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom. Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data Names: Dangas, George D., editor. | Di Mario, Carlo, editor. | Kipshidze, Nicholas N., editor. Title: Interventional cardiology : principles and practice / edited by George D. Dangas, Carlo Di Mario, Nicholas N. Kipshidze ; foreword by Patrick W. Serruys. Other titles: Interventional cardiology (Di Mario) Description: Second edition. | Chichester, West Sussex ; Ames, Iowa : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016018228 (print) | LCCN 2016018438 (ebook) | ISBN 9781118976036 (cloth) | ISBN 9781118975930 (pdf) | ISBN 9781118976067 (epub) Subjects: | MESH: Cardiovascular Diseases–therapy | Cardiac Surgical Procedures | Cardiovascular Diseases–diagnosis Classification: LCC RD598 (print) | LCC RD598 (ebook) | NLM WG 166 | DDC 617.4/12–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016018228 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Cover image: Courtesy of the Editors and Associate Editors. Set in 9/11pt Minion by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India 1 2017 Contents About the Companion Website vi 12 PCI Strategies in Acute Coronary Syndromes without ST Segment Elevation (NSTEACS) 148 Contributors vii Georgios E. Christakopoulos, Subhash Banerjee, Foreword xvi and Emmanouil S. Brilakis Preface xvii 13 Primary and Rescue PCI in Acute Myocardial Infarction Acknowledgments xviii and Elements of Myocardial Conditioning 155 Tayo Addo, Neil Swanson, and Anthony Gershlick Part I Principles and Techniques 1 14 The Management of Cardiogenic Shock and Hemodynamic Support Devices and Techniques 163 Section I Basic Knowledge 3 Bimmer E.P.M. Claessen, Dagmar Ouweneel, 1 Atherogenesis and Inflammation 3 and José P.S. Henriques Umair Hayat, Vikas Thondapu, Tim Tsay, Section IV PCI in Different Lesion Types 168 and Peter Barlis 15 Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Unprotected 2 The Essentials of Femoral Vascular Access Left Main 168 and Closure 17 Gill Louise Buchanan, Alaide Chieffo, and Antonio Ted Feldman and Mohammad Sarraf Colombo 3 Radial Artery, Alternative Arm Access, and Related 16 Bifurcation Lesion Stenting 175 Techniques 27 Yves Louvard, Thierry Lefevre, Bernard Chevalier, Thomas J. Ford, Martin K.C. Ng, Vikas Thondapu, and Philippe Garot and Peter Barlis 17 Risk Stratification Approach to Multivessel Coronary 4 Optimal Angiographic Views for Coronary Artery Disease 185 Angioplasty 34 Davide Capodanno and Corrado Tamburino Gioel Gabrio Secco and Carlo Di Mario 18 Chronic Total Coronary Occlusion 190 5 Material Selection 44 Gerald S. Werner and Emmanouil S. Brilakis Sahil A. Parikh, Michele Pighi, and Carlo Di Mario 19 Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Arterial Section II Imaging and Physiology 59 and Vein Grafts 201 6 Physiologic Assessment in the Cardiac Catheterization Bimmer E.P.M. Claessen, José P.S. Henriques, and George Laboratory: CFR, FFR, iFR, and Beyond 59 D. Dangas Sukhjinder Nijjer and Justin Davies 20 Interventional Approach in Small Vessel, Diffuse, 7 Intravascular Ultrasound and Virtual Histology: Principles, and Tortuous Coronary Artery Disease 205 Image Interpretation, and Clinical Applications 71 Robert Pyo Adriano Caixeta, Akiko Maehara, and Gary S. Mintz 21 In‐Stent Restenosis in New Generation DES Era 213 8 Optical Coherence Tomography, Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy, Marco G. Mennuni and Patrizia Presbitero and Near‐Infrared Fluorescence Molecular Imaging 91 Section V Special Techniques Ismail Dogu Kilic, Roberta Serdoz, Enrico Fabris, Farouc and Complications 224 Amin Jaffer, and Carlo Di Mario 22 Laser, Rotational, and Orbital Coronary 9 Complementary Imaging Techniques: Multislice Atherectomy 224 Computed Tomography of Coronary Arteries 107 Kaleab N. Asrress, Peter O’Kane, Robert Pyo, Omosalewa O. Lalude, Francesca Pugliese, Pim J. de and Simon R. Redwood Feyter, and Stamatios Lerakis 23 Thrombus‐Containing Lesions 233 10 Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging 126 Giovanni Luigi De Maria and Adrian P. Banning Omosalewa O. Lalude and Stamatios Lerakis 24 Specialized Balloons in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Section III PCI in Different Clinical Settings 138 Cutting, Scoring, Gliding, and Drug‐Eluting Balloons 244 11 Stable Coronary Artery Disease 138 Bimmer E.P.M. Claessen, José P.S. Henriques, Abhiram Prasad and Bernard J. Gersh and George D. Dangas iii iv Contents 25 Coronary Artery Dissections, Perforations, 42 Parenteral Antiplatelet Agents in PCI 415 and the No‐Reflow Phenomenon 248 Piera Capranzano, Giuseppe Gargiulo, Adriano Caixeta, Luiz Fernando Ybarra, Azeem Latib, and Corrado Tamburino Flavio Airoldi, Roxana Mehran, and George D. Dangas 43 Role of Parenteral Agents in PCI for Stable Patients 421 26 Access Site Complications 267 Joanna Ghobrial, David A. Burke, and Duane S. Pinto Jose M. Wiley, Fernando Pastor, and Cristina Sanina 44 Vasoactive and Antiarrhythmic Drugs During PCI 432 27 Renal Insufficiency and the Impact of Contrast Agents 274 Bimmer E.P.M. Claessen and José P.S. Henriques Michael Donahue and Carlo Briguori 45 The Optimal Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy 28 Radiation Management in Interventional Cardiology 282 After PCI 436 Stephen Balter and Charles E. Chambers Mikkel Malby Schoos, Roxana Mehran, and George D. Dangas 29 Concepts of Cell Therapy and Myocardial Regeneration 290 Kevin O’Gallagher, Zoë Astroulakis, Alex Sirker, 46 Triple Antiplatelet Therapy and Combinations and Jonathan M. Hill with Oral Anticoagulants After PCI 443 Jonathan A. Batty, Joseph R. Dunford, Roxana Mehran, Section VI Clinical Trials in Coronary Heart and Vijay Kunadian Disease 296 Section III Pharmacological Testing 453 30 Statistical Essentials in the Design and Analysis of Clinical Trials 296 47 Peri‐procedural Platelet Function Testing in Risk Usman Baber and Stuart J. Pocock Stratification and Clinical Decision Making 453 Paul A. Gurbel, Fang Liu, Gailing Chen, 31 Historical Perspective of Sirolimus and Paclitaxel‐Eluting and Udaya S. Tantry Stent Clinical Studies 301 Adriano Caixeta, Leonardo Guimarães, Philippe 48 Genetics and Pharmacogenetics in Interventional Généreux, and George D. Dangas Cardiology 459 Hillary Johnston‐Cox, Johan L.M. Björkegren, 32 Cobalt‐Chromium Everolimus‐Eluting Stents 313 and Jason C. Kovacic Vikas Thondapu, Yoshinobu Onuma, Bimmer E.P.M. Claessen, Patrick W. Serruys, and Peter Barlis 49 Monitoring and Reversal of Anticoagulation and Antiplatelet Agents 469 33 Platinum‐Chromium Everolimus‐Eluting Stents 326 Gregory W. Yost and Steven R. Steinhubl Vikas Thondapu, Bimmer E.P.M. Claessen, George D. Dangas, Patrick W. Serruys, and Peter Barlis 34 Bioresorbable Stents 335 Part III Hypertension and Structural Gianluca Caiazzo, Alessio Mattesini, Ciro Indolfi, Heart Disease 485 and Carlo Di Mario Section I Systemic and Pulmonary 35 The Biolimus Stent Family 344 Hypertension 487 Anna Franzone, Raffaele Piccolo, and Stephan Windecker 50 Right Heart Catheterization and Pulmonary 36 The Biotronik Stent Family 360 Hemodynamics 487 Anna Franzone, Raffaele Piccolo, and Stephan Windecker P. Christian Schulze 37 Novel Drug‐Eluting Stent Systems 368 51 Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism: Medical, J. Ribamar Costa, Jr., Adriano Caixeta, Surgical, and Percutaneous 491 and Alexandre A.C. Abizaid Ian del Conde and Barry T. Katzen 52 Renal Denervation for Resistant Hypertension 499 Part II Interventional Pharmacology 377 Hitesh C. Patel, Carl Hayward, Sebastian Ewen, Section I Fundamentals of Interventional and Felix Mahfoud Pharmacology 379 Section II Structural Heart Interventions 507 38 Basics of Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Therapy 53 Antithrombotic Strategies in Valvular and Structural for Cardiovascular Disease 379 Heart Disease Interventions 507 Piera Capranzano and Dominick J. Angiolillo Mikkel Malby Schoos, Davide Capodanno, 39 Balance of Ischemia and Bleeding in Selecting and George D. Dangas Antithrombotic Regimens 389 54 Alcohol Septal Ablation for Hypertrophic Bimmer E.P.M. Claessen and José P.S. Henriques Obstructive Cardiomyopathy 517 Section II Pharmacological Agents 397 Amir‐Ali Fassa, George D. Dangas, and Ulrich Sigwart 40 Oral Antiplatelet Agents in PCI 397 55 Left Atrial Appendage Exclusion 525 Jonathan A. Batty, Joseph R. Dunford, George D. Dangas, Jorge G. Panizo and Jacob S. Koruth and Vijay Kunadian 56 Cryptogenic Stroke, Patent Foramen Ovale, and ASD Closure 530 41 Parenteral Anticoagulant Agents in PCI 408 Barry Love Piera Capranzano, Corrado Tamburino, and George D. Dangas Contents v 57 Paravalvular Leak Closure and Ventricular Septal 70 Cerebral Aneurysms: Diagnosis, Indications, Defect Closure 540 and Strategies for Endovascular Treatment 671 Saurabh Sanon, Mackram F. Eleid, Allison K. Cabalka, Gyula Gál and Charanjit S. Rihal Section II Aorta and Branch Diseases 677 Section III Valvular Heart Disease 71 Management of Acute Aortic Syndromes 677 Interventions 546 Christoph A. Nienaber and Rachel E. Clough 58 Aortic Valvuloplasty and Large‐Bore Percutaneous Arterial 72 Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Access 546 Repair 687 Matthew I. Tomey, Annapoorna S. Kini, Samin K. Paul S. Lajos and Michael L. Marin Sharma, and Jason C. Kovacic 73 Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair 692 59 Transfemoral Aortic Valve Implantation: Preparation, William Beckerman, Paul S. Lajos, and Peter L. Faries Implantation, and Complications 558 74 Acute and Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia 698 Brandon M. Jones, Samir R. Kapadia, Amar Robert J. Rosen, Amit Jain, and Jennifer Drury Krishnaswamy, Stephanie Mick, and E. Murat Tuzcu 75 Renal Artery Interventions 705 60 Transthoracic Aortic Valve Implantation 569 Mark Shipeng Yu, Kun Xiang, Steven T. Haller, Giuseppe Bruschi, Kaleab N. Asrress, Paola Colombo, and Christopher J. Cooper and Vinayak N. Bapat 76 Revascularization for Arteries in the Pelvis 713 61 New Aortic Valve Technologies 575 Femi Philip and Jason H. Rogers Dimytri Alexandre Siqueira and Alexandre A.C. Abizaid Section III Peripheral Arterial 62 Transseptal Puncture 582 Disease 721 Alec Vahanian, Dominique Himbert, Fabrice Extramiana, Gregory Ducrocq, and Eric Brochet 77 Iliac Interventions 721 63 Principles of Carpentier’s Reconstructive Surgery Manish Taneja and Apoorva Gogna in Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease 592 78 Superficial Femoral Artery Interventions 726 Farzan Filsoufi and Alain Carpentier Cristina Sanina, Pedro R. Cox‐Alomar, 64 Mitral Valve Repair: MitraClip and Emerging Prakash Krishnan, and Jose M. Wiley Techniques 599 79 Popliteal Artery Interventions 733 Ted Feldman, Mohammad Sarraf, Mayra Guerrero, Karthik Gujja, Gopi Punukollu, Vishal Kapur, and and Francesco Maisano Prakash Krishnan 65 Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty 606 80 Below the Knee Interventions in Critical Limb C.N. Manjunath, Nagaraja Moorthy, and Upendra Kaul Ischemia 738 66 Pulmonary Artery and Valve Catheter‐Based Karthik Gujja, Katarzyna Nasiadko, Arthur Tarricone, Interventions 619 and Prakash Krishnan Kasey Chaszczewski, Damien Kenny, and Ziyad M. Hijazi 81 Subclavian, Vertebral, and Upper Extremity 67 Imaging for Planning and Guidance for Structural Vascular Disease 748 Heart Interventions 629 Ian Del Conde, Cristina Sanina, and Jose M. Wiley Ankit Parikh and Stamatios Lerakis Section IV Venous Disease/Interventions 754 82 Antithrombotic Strategies in Endovascular Interventions: Part IV Vascular Disease for the Current Status and Future Directions 754 Interventionalist 641 Mehdi H. Shishehbor 83 Chronic Venous Insufficiency 759 Section I Cerebrovascular Disease 643 Karthik Gujja, Cristina Sanina, and Jose M. Wiley 68 Acute Stroke Intervention 643 84 Cardiac Vein Anatomy and Transcoronary Sinus Stefan C. Bertog, Iris Q. Grunwald, Anna Luisa Kühn, Catheter Interventions in Myocardial Ischemia 768 Laura Vaskelyte, Ilona Hofmann, Sameer Gafoor, Werner Mohl, Levente Molnár, and Béla Merkely Markus Reinartz, Predrag Matic, and Horst Sievert 69 Carotid Artery Angioplasty and Stenting 653 Alberto Cremonesi, Shane Gieowarsingh, and Fausto Castriota Index 776 About the Companion Website Don’t forget to visit the companion website for this book: www.wiley.com/go/dangas/cardiology There you will find valuable material designed to enhance your learning, including: • 19 procedural videos illustrating key procedures • More than 400 interactive multiple choice questions Scan this QR code to visit the companion website: vi CCoonnttrriibbuuttoorrss Alexandre A.C. Abizaid, MD, PhD Adrian P. Banning, MBBS, MD, FRCP, FESC Director, Invasive Cardiology Department Consultant Cardiologist Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia (IDPC); Oxford Heart Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Hospital do Coração—Associação do Sanatório Sírio (HCor); John Radcliffe Hospital Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein Oxford, UK São Paulo, Brazil Vinayak N. Bapat, MBBS, MS, FRCS.CTh Tayo Addo, MD Department of Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery St Thomas’ Hospital; Associate Professor of Medicine King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas’ Hospital Dallas, TX, USA London, UK Flavio Airoldi, MD Peter Barlis, MBBS, MPH, PHD, FACC, FESC, FRACP Director Professor of Medicine Interventional Cardiology Unit Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences IRCCS Multimedica The University of Melbourne Sesto San Giovanni, Italy Victoria, Australia Dominick J. Angiolillo, MD, PhD Jonathan A. Batty, BSc, MBChB Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology Institute of Cellular Medicine University of Florida College of Medicine—Jacksonville Newcastle University; Jacksonville, FL, USA The Royal Victoria Infirmary Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Kaleab N. Asrress, MA, PhD, MRCP Department of Cardiology William Beckerman, MD St. Thomas’ Hospital; Resident in Vascular Surgery King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Division of Vascular Surgery Excellence Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas’ Hospital New York, NY, USA London, UK Stefan C. Bertog, MD Zoë Astroulakis, MBBS, MRCP, PhD CardioVascular Center Frankfurt Consultant in Interventional Cardiology Frankfurt, Germany Department of Cardiology, St George’s Hospital Johan L.M. Björkegren, MD, PhD London, UK The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute Usman Baber, MD, MS and the Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology Director of Clinical Biometrics Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Cardiovascular Institute Assistant Professor of Medicine New York, NY, USA Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA Carlo Briguori, MD, PhD, FACC, FSCAI Chief of Interventional Cardiology Stephen Balter, PhD Laboratory of Interventional Cardiology and Department of Cardiology Professor of Radiology and Medicine Clinica Mediterranea Columbia University Medical Center Naples, Italy New York, NY, USA Emmanouil S. Brilakis, MD, PhD Subhash Banerjee, MD Minneapolis Heart Institute Chief of Cardiology Minneapolis, MN, USA; VA North Texas Health Care System; Professor of Medicine Professor of Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas VA Medical Center Dallas, TX, USA Dallas, TX, USA vii viii Contributors Eric Brochet, MD Kasey Chaszczewski, MD Cardiologist Rush University Medical Center Echocardiography Laboratory Chicago, IL, USA Department of Cardiology Hôpital Bichat‐Claude Bernard Gailing Chen, MD Paris, France Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Giuseppe Bruschi, MD, FESC Baltimore, MD, USA Department of Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital Bernard Chevalier, FESC Milan, Italy Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud Hôpital Privé Jacques Cartier, Massy; Gill Louise Buchanan, MBChB Hôpital Privé Claude Galien Department of Cardiology Quincy, France North Cumbria University NHS Trust Carlisle, UK Alaide Chieffo, MD David A. Burke, MD Consultant Interventional Cardiologist Interventional Cardiology Unit Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine San Raffaele Scientific Hospital Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Milan, Italy Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA Georgios E. Christakopoulos, MD Allison K. Cabalka, MD Research Fellow Division of Pediatric Cardiology VA North Texas Health Care System; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Rochester, MN, USA Dallas, TX, USA Gianluca Caiazzo, MD, PhD Bimmer E.P.M. Claessen, MD, PhD Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Department of Cardiology Magna Graecia University Academic Medical Center—University of Amsterdam Catanzaro, Italy; Amsterdam, The Netherlands National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Rachel E. Clough, MD Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust London, UK University Heart Center Rostock Department of Internal Medicine Adriano Caixeta, MD, PhD Cardiology, Pulmonology, Intensive Care Medicine Interventional Cardiologist Rostock School of Medicine Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; Rostock, Germany Professor of Medicine Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Antonio Colombo, MD São Paulo, Brazil Interventional Cardiology Unit San Raffaele Scientific Hospital Davide Capodanno, MD, PhD Milan, Italy Associate Professor of Cardiology University of Catania; Paola Colombo, MD, PhD Interventional Cardiologist Department of Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery Ferrarotto Hospital Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital Catania, Italy Milan, Italy Piera Capranzano, MD Christopher J. Cooper, MD Cardiovascular Department Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania University of Toledo Catania, Italy Toledo, OH, USA Alain Carpentier, MD, PhD J. Ribamar Costa, Jr., PhD Hôpital Européen Georges‐Pompidou Paris, France Chief of the Medical Section of Coronary Intervention of the Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia (IDPC); Fausto Castriota, MD Hospital do Coração—Associação do Sanatório Sírio (HCor) Maria Cecilia Hospital São Paulo, Brazil GVM Care & Research Pedro R. Cox‐Alomar, MD, MPH, FACC Cotignola, Italy Interventional Cardiology Fellow Charles E. Chambers, MD Division of Cardiology Professor of Medicine and Radiology University of Florida College of Medicine Penn State Hershey Medical Center UF Health Medical Center Hershey, PA, USA Jacksonville, FL, USA Contributors ix Alberto Cremonesi, MD Fabrice Extramiana, MD Maria Cecilia Hospital Hôpital Bichat‐Claude Bernard GVM Care & Research Paris, France Cotignola, Italy Enrico Fabris, MD George D. Dangas, MD, PhD, FACC, FSCAI, Interventional Cardiologist FESC, FAHA National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Professor of Medicine Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London; Director, Cardiovascular Innovation NHLI Imperial College London Department of Cardiology London, UK; Mount Sinai Medical Center Cardiovascular Department New York, NY Ospedali Riuniti and University of Trieste USA Trieste, Italy Peter L. Faries, MD, FACS Justin Davies, BSc, MBBS, MRCP, PhD The Franz W. Sichel Professor of Surgery Imperial College London Chief, Division of Vascular Surgery London, UK Professor of Surgery & Radiology Giovanni Luigi De Maria, MD Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA Oxford Heart Centre, Oxford University Hospitals John Radcliffe Hospital Amir‐Ali Fassa, MD Oxford, UK La Tour Hospital Ian del Conde, MD, FACC Geneva, Switzerland Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute Ted Feldman, MD, FESC, FACC, MSCAI Miami, FL, USA Director, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories Carlo Di Mario, MD, PhD, FRCP, FACC, Evanston Hospital NorthShore University HealthSystem FSCAI, FESC Evanston, IL, USA Consultant Cardiologist National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Pim J. de Feyter, MD, PhD, FESC, FACC Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London; Professor of Cardiac Imaging Professor of Clinical Cardiology Departments of Cardiology and Radiology National Heart & Lung Institute Imperial College London Erasmus MC University Medical Center London, UK Rotterdam, The Netherlands Michael Donahue, MD Farzan Filsoufi, MD Interventional Cardiologist Professor Laboratory of Interventional Cardiology and Department of Cardiology Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Clinica Mediterranea Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Naples, Italy New York, NY USA Jennifer Drury Physician Assistant Thomas J. Ford, MBChB Lenox Hill Heart and Vascular Institute Department of Cardiology New York, NY St. George Hospital; USA Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales Gregory Ducrocq, MD Sydney, New South Wales Hôpital Bichat‐Claude Bernard Australia Paris, France Anna Franzone, MD Joseph R. Dunford, MRes Department of Cardiology Institute of Cellular Medicine Bern University Hospital Newcastle University Bern, Switzerland Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Sameer Gafoor, MD Mackram F. Eleid, MD CardioVascular Center Frankfurt Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Frankfurt, Germany; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Swedish Medical Center Rochester, MN, USA Seattle, WA, USA Sebastian Ewen, MD Gyula Gál, MD Klinik für Innere Medizin III Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes Odense University Hospital Homburg‐Saar, Germany Odense, Denmark x Contributors Giuseppe Gargiulo, MD Paul A. Gurbel, MD Cardiovascular Department Director, Inova Center for Thrombosis Ferrarotto Hospital Research and Drug Development University of Catania Inova Heart and Vascular Institute Catania, Italy Falls Church, VA, USA Philippe Garot, FESC Steven T. Haller, PhD Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud Department of Medicine Hôpital Privé Jacques Cartier, Massy; Cardiovascular Medicine Hôpital Privé Claude Galien University of Toledo Quincy, France Toledo, OH, USA Philippe Généreux, MD Umair Hayat Clinical Instructor Melbourne Medical School Division of Cardiology Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy The University of Melbourne Columbia University Medical Center Victoria, Australia New York, NY, USA Bernard J. Gersh, MBChB, DPhil, FACC Carl Hayward, MB, BChir, MRCP, MA Professor of Medicine Cardiology Research Fellow Mayo Clinic and Mayo Clinic College of Medicine National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Rochester, MN, USA Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust London, UK Anthony Gershlick, MBBS, BSc, FRCP University of Leicester José P.S. Henriques, MD, PhD Leicester, UK Department of Cardiology Academic Medical Center—University of Amsterdam Joanna Ghobrial, MD, MS Amsterdam, The Netherlands Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Ziyad M. Hijazi, MD, MPH, MSCAI Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Professor of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School Weill Cornell Medicine Boston, MA, USA Chair, Department of Pediatrics Shane Gieowarsingh, MBBS, MET Sidra Medical and Research Center Maria Cecilia Hospital Doha, Qatar GVM Care & Research Cotignola, Italy Jonathan M. Hill, MD Department of Cardiology Apoorva Gogna, MBBS, FRCR King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Consultant, Interventional Radiology London, UK Singapore General Hospital Singapore Dominique Himbert, MD Cardiologist Iris Q. Grunwald, MD, PhD Department of Cardiology Post Graduate Medical Institute Hôpital Bichat‐Claude Bernard Anglia Ruskin University Paris, France Chelmsford, UK; Southend University Hospital Ilona Hofmann, MD Southend‐on‐Sea, UK CardioVascular Center Frankfurt Frankfurt, Germany Mayra Guerrero, MD, FACC, FSCAI NorthShore University HealthSystem Ciro Indolfi, MD Evanston, IL, USA Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Leonardo Guimarães, MD Magna Graecia University Interventional Cardiologist Catanzaro, Italy Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; Universidade Federal de São Paulo Farouc Amin Jaffer, MD, PhD São Paulo, Brazil Associate Professor Karthik Gujja, MD, MPH Cardiology Division Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Assistant Professor of Medicine Boston, MA, USA Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Assistant Director of Endovascular Fellowship Amit Jain, MD The Zeta and Michael A. Weiner Cardiovascular Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Lenox Hill Heart and Vascular Institute New York, NY, USA New York, NY, USA
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