RONALD MUNSON BASIC ISSUES IN MEDICAL ETHICS EIGHTH EDITION 4/ ( Intervention and Reflection Basic Issues in Medical Ethics Eighth Edition THOMSON -*- WADSWORTH Production Service: International Typesetting Philosophy Editor: Worth Hawes and Composition Assistant Editors: Lee McCracken, Barbara Hillaker Text Designer: Harry Voigt Editorial Assistant: Patrick Stockstill Copy Editor: Margaret C.Tropp Technology Project Manager: Julie Aguilar Cover Designer: Yvo Riezebos Design/Matt Calkins Marketing Manager: Christina Shea Cover Photo Collage: Getty Image/Ryan McVay Marketing Assistant: Mary Anne Payumo Corbis/Burke/Triolo Productions Marketing Communications Manager: Stacey Compositor: International Typesetting Purviance and Composition Creative Director: Rob Hugel Text and Cover Printer: R.R. Donnelley, Executive Art Director: Maria Epes Crawfordsville Print Buyer: Judy Inouye Permissions Editor: Roberta Broyer COPYRIGHT © 2008, 2004 Ronald Munson. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, information storage and retrieval systems, or in any other manner— without the written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 11 10 09 08 07 For more information about our products, contact us at: Thomson Learning Academic Resource Center 1 800 423-0563 - - For permission to use material from this text or product, submit a request online at http://www.thomsonrights.com. Any additional questions about permissions can be submitted by e-mail to [email protected]. Thomson Higher Education 10 Davis Drive Belmont, CA 94002-3098 USA Library of Congress Control Number: 2006938500 ISBN-13: 978-0-495-09502-6 ISBN-10: 0-495-09502-8 To Miriam "Giver of bright rings" V Ronald Munson is Professor of the Philosophy of Science and Medicine at the University of Missouri-St. Louis. He received his Ph.D. from Columbia University and was a Postdoctoral Fellow in Biology at Harvard University. He has been a Visiting Professor at University of California, San Diego, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, and Harvard Medical School. A nationally acclaimed bioethicist, Munson is a medical ethicist for the National Eye Institute and a consultant for the National Cancer Insti¬ tute. He is also a member of the Washington University School of Medicine Human Studies Committee. His other books include Raising the Dead: Organ Transplants, Ethics, and Society (named one of the "Best Science and Medicine Books of 2002" by the National Library Association), Reasoning in Medicine (with Daniel Albert and Michael Resnik), Elements of Reasoning and Basics of Rea¬ soning (both with David Conway), and Outcome Uncertain: Cases and Contexts in Bioethics. He is also author of the novels Nothing Human, Fan Mail, and Night Vision.