Internet of Things Applications - From Research and Innovation to

374 Pages·2014·31.62 MB·English

River Publishers Series in Communication
Internet of Things –
From Research and Innovation to
Market Deployment
Editors
Ovidiu Vermesan
Peter Friess
River Publishers
Internet ofThings –
From Research and Innovation to
Market Deployment
RIVER PUBLISHERS SERIES IN COMMUNICATIONS
ConsultingSeriesEditors
MARINARUGGIERI HOMAYOUNNIKOOKAR
UniversityofRoma“TorVergata” DelftUniversityofTechnology
Italy TheNetherlands
This series focuses on communications science and technology. This includes the
theory and use of systems involving all terminals, computers, and information
processors; wired and wireless networks; and network layouts, procontentsols,
architectures,andimplementations.
Furthermore, developments toward newmarket demands in systems, products,
and technologies such as personal communications services, multimedia systems,
enterprisenetworks,andopticalcommunicationssystems.
• WirelessCommunications
• Networks
• Security
• Antennas&Propagation
• Microwaves
• SoftwareDefinedRadio
Foralistofotherbooksinthisseries,visitwww.riverpublishers.com
http://riverpublishers.com/riverpublisher/series.php?msg=Communications
Internet of Things –
From Research and Innovation to
Market Deployment
Editors
Dr. OvidiuVermesan
SINTEF,Norway
Dr. Peter Friess
EU,Belgium
Aalborg
Published,soldanddistributedby:
RiverPublishers
NielsJernesVej10
9220AalborgØ
Denmark
ISBN:978-87-93102-94-1(Hardcopy)
978-87-93102-95-8(Ebook)
©2014RiverPublishers
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin
aretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,mechanical,
photocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutpriorwrittenpermissionof
thepublishers.
Dedication
“Creativityisinventing,experimenting,growing,takingrisks,breakingrules,
makingmistakes,andhavingfun.”
—MaryLouCook
“Around here, however, we don’t look backwards for very long. We keep
movingforward,openingupnewdoorsanddoingnewthings,becausewe’re
curious...andcuriositykeepsleadingusdownnewpaths.”
—WaltDisney
Acknowledgement
TheeditorswouldliketothanktheEuropeanCommissionfortheirsupportin
theplanningandpreparationofthisbook.Therecommendationsandopinions
expressed in the book are those of the editors and contributors, and do not
necessarilyrepresentthoseoftheEuropeanCommission.
OvidiuVermesan
PeterFriess
Contents
Preface xiii
EditorsBiography xv
1 Introduction 1
2 PuttingtheInternetofThingsForwardtotheNextLevel 3
2.1 TheInternetofThingsToday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 TheInternetofThingsTomorrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.3 PotentialSuccessFactors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3 InternetofThingsStrategicResearchandInnovation
Agenda 7
3.1 InternetofThingsVision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.1.1 InternetofThingsCommonDefinition. . . . . . . . 11
3.2 IoTStrategicResearchandInnovationDirections . . . . . . 16
3.2.1 IoTApplicationsandUseCaseScenarios . . . . . . 22
3.2.2 IoTFunctionalView . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.2.3 ApplicationAreas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.3 IoTSmart-XApplications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.3.1 SmartCities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.3.2 SmartEnergyandtheSmartGrid . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.3.3 SmartMobilityandTransport . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.3.4 SmartHome,SmartBuildingsandInfrastructure . . 55
3.3.5 SmartFactoryandSmartManufacturing . . . . . . . 60
3.3.6 SmartHealth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
3.3.7 FoodandWaterTrackingandSecurity . . . . . . . . 65
3.3.8 ParticipatorySensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3.3.9 SmartLogisticsandRetail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3.4 InternetofThingsandRelatedFutureInternetTechnologies 70
3.4.1 CloudComputing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
vii
viii Contents
3.4.2 IoTandSemanticTechnologies . . . . . . . . . . . 73
3.5 NetworksandCommunication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
3.5.1 NetworkingTechnology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.5.2 CommunicationTechnology . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
3.6 Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
3.6.1 AdaptiveandEvent-DrivenProcesses . . . . . . . . 79
3.6.2 ProcessesDealingwithUnreliableData . . . . . . . 80
3.6.3 Processesdealingwithunreliableresources . . . . . 81
3.6.4 HighlyDistributedProcesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
3.7 DataManagement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
3.7.1 DataCollectionandAnalysis(DCA) . . . . . . . . . 83
3.7.2 BigData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
3.7.3 SemanticSensorNetworksandSemantic
Annotationofdata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
3.7.4 VirtualSensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
3.8 Security,Privacy&Trust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
3.8.1 TrustforIoT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
3.8.2 SecurityforIoT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
3.8.3 PrivacyforIoT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
3.9 DeviceLevelEnergyIssues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
3.9.1 LowPowerCommunication . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
3.9.2 EnergyHarvesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
3.9.3 FutureTrendsandRecommendations . . . . . . . . 95
3.10 IoTRelatedStandardization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
3.10.1 TheRoleofStandardizationActivities . . . . . . . . 97
3.10.2 CurrentSituation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
3.10.3 AreasforAdditionalConsideration . . . . . . . . . 102
3.10.4 InteroperabilityintheInternet-of-Things . . . . . . 103
3.11 IoTProtocolsConvergence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
3.11.1 MessageQueueTelemetryTransport(MQTT) . . . . 109
3.11.2 ConstrainedApplicationsProtocol(CoAP) . . . . . 109
3.11.3 AdvancedMessageQueuingProtocol(AMQP) . . . 110
3.11.4 JavaMessageServiceAPI(JMS) . . . . . . . . . . 111
3.11.5 DataDistributionService(DDS) . . . . . . . . . . . 111
3.11.6 RepresentationalStateTransfer(REST) . . . . . . . 112
3.11.7 ExtensibleMessagingandPresence
Protocol(XMPP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
3.12 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Contents ix
4 InternetofThingsGlobalStandardisation-StateofPlay 143
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
4.1.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
4.2 IoTVision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
4.2.1 IoTDrivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
4.2.2 IoTDefinition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
4.3 IoTStandardisationLandscape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
4.3.1 CEN/ISOandCENELEC/IEC . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
4.3.2 ETSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
4.3.3 IEEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
4.3.4 IETF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
4.3.5 ITU-T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
4.3.6 OASIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
4.3.7 OGC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
4.3.8 oneM2M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
4.3.9 GS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
4.4 IERCResearchProjectsPositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
4.4.1 BETaaSAdvisoryBoardExpertsPosition . . . . . . 191
4.4.2 IoT6Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
4.5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
5 DynamicContext-AwareScalableandTrust-basedIoT
Security,PrivacyFramework 199
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
5.2 BackgroundWork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
5.3 MainConceptsandMotivationoftheFramework . . . . . . 203
5.3.1 IdentityManagement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
5.3.2 SizeandHeterogeneityoftheSystem . . . . . . . . 206
5.3.3 AnonymizationofUserDataandMetadata . . . . . 206
5.3.4 Action’sControl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
5.3.5 PrivacybyDesign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
5.3.6 ContextAwareness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
5.3.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
5.4 APolicy-basedFrameworkforSecurityandPrivacy
inInternetofThings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
5.4.1 DeploymentinaScenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
5.4.2 PoliciesandContextSwitching . . . . . . . . . . . 214
5.4.3 FrameworkArchitectureandEnforcement . . . . . . 219
x Contents
5.5 ConclusionandFutureDevelopments . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
5.6 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
6 ScalableIntegrationFrameworkforHeterogeneous
SmartObjects,ApplicationsandServices 225
6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
6.2 IPv6Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
6.3 IoT6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
6.4 IPv6forIoT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
6.5 AdaptingIPv6toIoTRequirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
6.6 IoT6Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
6.7 DigCovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
6.8 IoT6IntegrationwiththeCloudandEPICS . . . . . . . . . 233
6.9 EnablingHeterogeneousIntegration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
6.10 IoT6SmartOfficeUse-case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
6.11 ScalabilityPerspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
6.12 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
7 InternetofThingsApplications-FromResearch
andInnovationtoMarketDeployment 243
7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
7.2 OpenIoT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
7.2.1 ProjectDesignandImplementation . . . . . . . . . 245
7.2.2 ExecutionandImplementationIssues . . . . . . . . 246
7.2.3 ProjectResults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
7.2.4 AcceptanceandSustainability . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
7.2.5 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
7.3 iCORE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
7.3.1 Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
7.3.2 ProjectExecution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
7.3.3 ResultsAchieved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
7.3.4 AcceptanceandSustainability . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
7.4 Compose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
7.4.1 ProjectDesignandImplementation . . . . . . . . . 259
7.4.2 TheIoTCommunicationTechnologies. . . . . . . . 261
7.4.3 ExecutionandImplementationIssues . . . . . . . . 261
7.4.4 ExpectedProjectresults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262