International Relations: The Key Concepts

416 Pages·2004·1.35 MB·English

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS:
THE KEY CONCEPTS
Featuring 150 entries, International Relations: The Key Concepts is the
essential guide for anyone interested in international affairs. Com-
prehensive and up-to-date, it introduces the most important themes in
international relations, with an emphasis on contemporary issues.
Entries include:
• diplomacy • loose nukes
• global warming • United Nations
• terrorism • security
• human rights • arms control
• rogue state • ethnic cleansing
Offering suggestions for further reading as well as a unique guide to
Internet web sites on international relations, this accessible handbook is
an invaluable guide to a rapidly expanding field, ideal for the student
and non-specialist alike.
Martin Griffiths is Senior Lecturer in the School of Political and
International Studies at Flinders University, Australia. He is the author
of Fifty Key Thinkers in International Relations, also available from
Routledge. Terry O’Callaghan is Lecturer in the School of
International Studies at the University of South Australia.
ROUTLEDGE KEY GUIDES
Routledge Key Guides are accessible, informative, and lucid handbooks, which
define and discuss the central concepts, thinkers, and debates in a broad range of
academic disciplines. All are written by noted experts in their respective subjects.
Clear, concise exposition of complex and stimulating issues and ideas make
Routledge Key Guides the ultimate reference resources for students, teachers,
researchers, and the interested lay person.
Ancient History: Key Themes and Fifty Key Thinkers in International
Approaches Relations
Neville Morley Martin Griffiths
Business: The Key Concepts Fifty Major Economists
Mark Vernon Steven Pressman
Cinema Studies: The Key Concepts Fifty Major Philosophers
(second edition) Diané Collinson
Susan Hayward Fifty Major Thinkers on Education
Joy Palmer
Cultural Theory: The Key Thinkers
Andrew Edgar and Peter Sedgwick Fifty Modern Thinkers on Education
Joy Palmer
Eastern Philosophy: Key Readings
Oliver Leaman International Relations: The Key Concepts
Martin Griffiths and Terry O’Callaghan
Television Studies: The Key Concepts
Neil Casey, Bernadette Casey, Justin Key Concepts in Communication and
Lewis, Ben Calvert and Liam French Cultural Studies (second edition)
Tim O’Sullivan, John Hartley, Danny
Fifty Eastern Thinkers Saunders, Martin Montgomery and
Diané Collinson, Kathryn Plant and John Fiske
Robert Wilkinson
Key Concepts in Cultural Theory
Fifty Contemporary Choreographers Andrew Edgar and Peter Sedgwick
Edited by Martha Bremser
Key Concepts in Eastern Philosophy
Fifty Contemporary Filmmakers Oliver Leaman
Edited by Yvonne Tasker Key Concepts in Language and Linguistics
R. L. Trask
Fifty Key Classical Authors
Alison Sharrock and Rhiannon Ash Key Concepts in the Philosophy of
Education
Fifty Key Contemporary Thinkers
John Gingell and Christopher Winch
John Lechte
Key Concepts in Popular Music
Fifty Key Jewish Thinkers Roy Shuker
Dan Cohn-Sherbok
Post-Colonial Studies: The Key Concepts
Fifty Key Thinkers on the Environment Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and
Edited by Joy Palmer with Peter Blaze Helen Tiffin
Corcoran and David A. Cooper
Social and Cultural Anthropology: The
Fifty Key Thinkers on History Key Concepts
Marnie Hughes-Warrington Nigel Rapport and Joanna Overing
INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONS:
THE KEY CONCEPTS
ffi
Martin Gri ths and
Terry O’Callaghan
London and New York
First published 2002
by Routledge
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2004.
© 2002 Martin Griffiths and Terry O’Callaghan
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Griffiths, Martin, 1961-
International relations : the key concepts / Martin Griffiths &
Terry O’Callaghan.
p. cm.—(Routledge key guides)
Includes bibliographical references.
1. International relations—Encyclopedias. 2. World politics—
Encyclopedias. I. O’Callaghan, Terry, 1956– II. Title. III. Series.
JZ1160 .G75 2002
327′.03—dc21 2001038715
ISBN 0-203-40280-4 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0-203-40923-X (Adobe eReader Format)
ISBN 0–415–22882–4 (hbk)
ISBN 0–415–22883–2 (pbk)
CONTENTS
Preface vii
Acknowledgements ix
List of key concepts xi
Key concepts 1
Appendix: international relations web sites 342
Bibliography 365
Name index 390
Subject index 392
v

PREFACE
The discipline of International Relations (IR) is the academic study of
the origins and consequences (both empirical and normative) of a
world divided among states. So defined, IR is a very broad discipline. It
includes a variety of sub-fields such as diplomatic statecraft and foreign
policy analysis, comparative politics, historical sociology, international
political economy, international history, strategic studies and military
affairs, ethics, and international political theory. In addition to its wide
scope, the study of international relations is shaped by the interplay
between continuity and change in its subject-matter. Accordingly, the
contents of this book reflect both the scope of the discipline as well as
dramatic developments in world politics that have taken place since the
end of the cold war. The book is neither a dictionary nor a textbook;
rather, it combines the strengths of each. It contains 150 key concepts
that we believe all students in the field should be familiar with as they
confront the challenges of understanding our contemporary world.
Within that list, the book includes analyses of the most important
international organisations in world politics.
Each entry comprises a short essay that defines the term and identi-
fies the historical origins and subsequent development of its use in IR.
Where a term is controversial, we explain the reasons why. This book
covers concepts, institutions, and terms that, although well-established
in their use, have been the focus of revision in their meaning or appli-
cation to contemporary international relations. The book also includes
numerous terms that have only recently joined the vocabulary of the
discipline to describe new phenomena in world politics. Although
each entry is self-contained, cross-references to other concepts are fre-
quent, and they are indicated by the use of bold type. At the end of
each essay we explicitly cross-reference the term to complementary
concepts discussed elsewhere in the text. In addition, we provide a
short list of important further readings that can be found in the
vii

bibliography. Finally, this book is unique in the Key Concepts series in
providing its readers with a comprehensive guide to Internet resources
and useful web sites that are indispensable research tools in the study of
international relations.
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We are indebted to Roger Thorp at Routledge for inviting us to write
this book. Along the way we have benefited from the advice and
support of many colleagues in the field, including George Crowder,
Rick DeAngelis, Jessica Ellis, John Hobson, Darryl Jarvis, Anthony
Langlois, Andrew O’Neil, Lionel Orchard, Samuel Makinda, David
Mathieson, and Leonard Seabrooke. We may not have always taken
your advice, but the book is better for it none the less! Martin Griffiths
is particularly grateful to the Faculty of Social Sciences at Flinders
University for providing a vital period of study leave in 2001 to
complete the book, and to Julie Tonkin for her editorial assistance.
Likewise, Terry O’Callaghan acknowledges the support of Angela
Scarino and Ed Carson from the University of South Australia.
Finally, a special mention to our partners, Kylie and Margaret, whose
unfailing support made the task of writing this book much easier than
it otherwise would have been.
Martin Griffiths and Terry O’Callaghan
Adelaide, Australia
November 2001
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