International Manufacturing Strategies: Context, Content and Change PDF
Preview International Manufacturing Strategies: Context, Content and Change
International Manufacturing Strategies International Manufacturing Strategies Context, Content and Change Edited by Per Lindberg Chalmers University Christopher A. Voss London Business School and Kathryn L. Blackmon London Business School Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V. A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 0-7923-8061-4 ISBN 978-1-4419-5020-8 ISBN 978-1-4757-2795-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-2795-1 Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by K1uwer Academic Publishers in 1998 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1998 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface IX Contributors xiii Part 1 -Introduction 1. INTRODUCTION: INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURING STRATEGY: CONTEXT, CULTURE, AND CHANGE 3 Part II -Country Studies 2. MANUFACTURING STRATEGY PUT IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT 21 3. MANUFACTURING STRATEGY IN ARGENTINA: THE CHALLENGE OF CHANGE, Marcelo Paladino, Roberto Luchi, and Eduardo Remolins, IAE, Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina 45 4. MANUFACTURING MODERNISATION IN BRAZIL: SCOPE AND DIRECTION IN THE METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY, P. Fernando Fleury and Rebecca Arkader, COPPEADIUFRJ, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 63 5. DENMARK: HORSE SENSE MANUFACTURING, Frank Gertsen & Jens 0. Riis, Institut for Produktion, Aalborg Universitetscenter, Aalborg, Denmark. 81 6. FINLAND: CHANGING FROM TECHNOLOGY- BASED TOWARDS PROCESS-BASED MANUFACTURING STRATEGY, Magnus Simons, Kari PietiHiinen, and Raimo Hyotylainen, VTT Automation, Industrial Automation, Espoo, Finland 103 7. MANUFACTURING STRATEGY IN THE NETHERLANDS: CONTEXT AND PERSPECTIVE, Harry Boer and Domien Draaijer, University ofTwente School of Management Studies, Enschede, Netherlands. 121 8. ITALIAN ASSEMBLY INDUSTRY: CHALLENGES AND RESPONSES TO GLOBALISATION AND INNOVATION, Emilio Bartezzaghi and Gianluca Spina, Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Economia e Produzione, Milano, Italy 145 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS 9. JAPANESE MANUFACTURING STRATEGY: TO COMPETE WITH THE TIGERS, H. Yamashina, Kyoto University, Japan 163 10. THE JAPANESE MODEL-WHAT IS IT AND TO WHAT EXTENT HAS IT DIFFUSED TO THE WEST?, C.A. Voss, Centre for Operations Management, London Business School, London, England 179 11. MANUFACTURING STRATEGY OF NORWEGIAN ISIC 38 INDUSTRY: A SYSTEMATIC PERSPECTIVE, Hongyi Sun, Jan Frick and Roar Hjulstad, Department of Management, Stavanger College, Norway 193 12. THE NEW STRATEGY FOR THE PORTUGUESE INDUSTRY, J. B. Gouveia, Universidade Cat6lica Portuguesa, C.R. Porto, DEEC, FEUP, Universidade do Porto, and R. Sousa,, Universidade Cat6lica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal 215 13. MANAGING MANUFACTURING IN AN ECONOMY IN TRANSITION: SPAIN'S CHALLENGES AND RESPONSES, Gustavo A. Vargas, lnstituto de Empresa, Madrid, Spain, and California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA 235 14. LEAD TIME REDUCTION-MANUFACTURING STRATEGY IN SWEDEN, Per Lindberg, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden 259 15. MANUFACTURING COMPETITIVENESS IN BRITAIN-FROM DECLINE TO RENEWAL?, Chris Voss and Kate Blackmon, Centre for Operations Management, London Business School, London, England 275 Part III -Patterns of Change 16. REGIONAL TRADING BLOCS AND MANUFACTURING STRATEGIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION, MERCOSUR, AND NAFTA, Chris Voss, Centre for Operations Management, London Business School, London 295 17. NAFTA: AN EMPIRICAL OPERATIONS PERSPECTIVE, F. Johnson, J. Kamauff, N. Schein, A.R. Wood, Richard lvey School of Business, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada 313 18. TRAJECTORIES OF CHANGE 323 TABLE OF CONTENTS Vll 19. ENVIRONMENT AND MANUFACTURING STRATEGY: COMPARING MODERNISATION PATHS AND PERFORMANCE IN BRAZIL AND ARGENTINA, Paulo Fernando Fleury and Rebecca Arkader, COPPEAD/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Marcelo Paladino, Roberto Luchi, and Eduardo Remoulins, IAE, Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina 333 20. A STUDY OF TECHNOLOGICAL-ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND MARKET DYNAMICS IN DENMARK AND NORWAY, Jan Frick, 1 Frank Gertsen/ Poul H. K. Hansen/ Jens 0. Riis,2 & Hongyi Sun/ 1Dept. of Business Administration, Heyskolen i Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway and 2Dept. of Production, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark 345 Part IV-New Ideas in Manufacturing Strategy 21. NEW IDEAS IN MANUFACTURING STRATEGY 365 22. THE NETWORK CELL AS A STEP TO THE NETWORK FACTORY, Raimo Hyotylainen and Magnus Simons, VTT Automation, Industrial Automation, Espoo, Finland 369 23. QUALITY, TECHNOLOGY, AND GLOBAL MANUFACTURING, John E. Ettlie, School of Business Administration, University of Michigan 385 24. US MANUFACTURING IN THE 1990S: THE CHASE AND THE CHALLENGE, John Ettlie, School of Business Administration, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA and Peter T. Ward, Fisher College of Business, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 401 25. MANUFACTURING STRATEGIES, PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE IN KOREA, B.-H. Rho, Sogang University, Y.-M. Yu, Dankook University, D.-S. Chang, Kyungki University, and S.-H. Chung, Hansung University, Korea 417 26. THE MULTI-FOCUSED MANUFACTURING PARADIGM: ADOPTION AND PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS WITIDN THE ASSEMBLY INDUSTRY, Gianluca Spina, Emilio Bartezzaghi, Andrea Bert, Raffaella Cagliano, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy, Domien Draaijer, Philips Semiconductors, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Harry Boer, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands 435 Appendix -Tables 463 Index 497 PREFACE Over the past 20 years, an increasing number of factors have placed the manufacturing strategies of companies and countries in a global context. These include: • The development and diffusion around the globe of new practices such as 'Lean Production'; • The increasing opening of domestic markets to foreign competition; • The increasing globalisation of manufacturing by formerly domestic companies; • The increasing role of offshore manufacturing within the host country, both as a competitor and as a source of new and improved ways of manufacturing; • The move to global rather than local supply chains; • The rapid political development of new and old economies, from the opening of Eastern Europe to the growth of the EC, and the development of Mercosur and NAFT A. This study focuses on a single industry, the manufacturing of fabricated/assembled metal products, electrical/non-electrical machinery and equipment, transportation equipment, and scientific/control instruments. Within these industrial segments, companies are on the one hand being faced with new flexible technologies, lean production paradigms, time-based competition, and outsourcing; on the other, they are also being faced with strong industry and national pressures to change the way in which work is organised and managed. In their efforts to change and improve, companies are finding that their manufacturing strategies and trajectories for improvement have been shaped in the past, and constrained in the future-by their country's history and socio-economic context, by factors such as culture, legislation, the strength or weakness of the domestic currency, and so on. CONTENTS This book seeks out to review and address the global manufacturing strategy area through research in the four major economic areas of the world: Europe, North America, Latin America, and Asia. The manufacturing strategies, practices, and performance of 600 manufacturing sites have been examined in twenty countries around the globe. The book sets out to review the strategies in some of the key countries and to examine in detail the relationship between national context and these strategies. There are a number of manufacturing practices that any company must address if it is to reach world class standards of performance. These include investment in X PREFACE information systems and advanced manufacturing technologies, new forms of work organisation, the broad set of practices known as 'Lean Production', and linking manufacturing strategy to business strategy. However, as Gustavo Vargas points out in Chapter 13, 'best practices' can hardly claim to be neutral and therefore unaffected by the specific macroeconomic and sociocultural environment in which firms operate. Government policies, work rules, social attitudes, factor costs, and competition intensity all play a vital role in shaping what constitute 'best practices'. Included in these chapters are examples of all of these: • the impact of very different macroeconomic climates in two neighbours, Argentina and Brazil; • the impact of the changing economic background, for example, the strong yen's effect on Japanese companies; • a review of the postulated short-termism in the UK; • the effect of distinctive cultural and trading context in countries such as Denmark; and • the role of supranational economic trading blocs such as NAFTA on manufacturing strategies in Canada and Mexico. A second focus is the difference in practices between Japan and the US, and other Western countries. The research builds a clear picture of these differences and some of the underlying reasons for them. The book also explores how, in changing from traditional to leading-edge practice, there are a range of choices open to an organisation. The research has identified strong differences in the trajectories for change found in different countries and in companies within a country. The drivers and consequences of these differences are explored. Finally, the richness of a database of 600 sites from 20 countries has led to the opportunity to build on existing research and explore new aspects of manufacturing strategy theory. UNDERLYING RESEARCH PROJECT This book is based on a single major research project undertaken in 20 countries around the globe, including Japan, the US, the UK, Sweden, Italy, Brazil, and Argentina. It focuses on manufacturing strategies and practices in each, and uses the research data to focus on factors specific to industrial countries or regions, and those that are common across a group of countries or the entire sample. THE BOOK The core of the book is a set of chapters each reviewing an individual country. An overall common approach was applied to understanding the country's socio-economic PREFACE XI background, the distinctive results for that country from the research, and the links between the two. Most chapters are illustrated by a small case study of a company. Differences between the country chapters reflect both the individual perspectives of the authors and the differences between individual countries. In some cases, such as Japan, the observations and analysis are spread over a number of chapters. A second set of chapters compares countries or looks at country-based issues in greater depth. The following set of chapters integrates the findings from the various countries, the different trajectories that have been followed, and the impact of external variables and socioeconomic context on these. The final part of the book is devoted to new ideas and developments in functional areas and in manufacturing strategy that have been developed from the analysis conducted during the research. The appendices present a description of the research methodology and the results of the research project. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC) provided funding for this project at London Business School.
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