Interface for Decision Appropriate Technology •Prediction and Selection Methodologies •State of ...

789 Pages·2007·23.73 MB·English

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•Interface
for Decision
Appropriate
Technology
•Prediction
and Selection
Methodologies
•State of the Art
Reid* Coffey Editors
';:-
APPROPRIATE METHODS
OF TREATING WATER
AND WASTEWATER
IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA
BUREAU OF WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL RES0URCF0 "'"'""« «?" '
Sponsored by: U.S. AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL D\250 -lXnP"Sl7>
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CONTRIBUTORS
L. W. CANTER KUNG-CHEH GEORGE LI
KAY COFFEY J. F. MALINA
RICHARD DISCENZA MICHAEL I.MUIGA
WILLEM VAN GORKUM GEORGE W. REID
L. HUISMAN SOETIMAN
KEES KEMPENAAR THAILAND MINISTRY
OF PUBLIC HEALTH
SUE LIN LEWIS GAYLE TOWN LEY
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METHODS
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Foreword
V
vi
vii
Y-iii
Abstract
For many years developing countries have been working, with exter
nal assistance, to promote development of water treatment and waste
disposal systems in their cities and towns. Adequate quantities of
safe water and adequate sanitation measures are considered to be a
necessary but not a sufficient condition for social and economic devel
opment; however, up to this time programs simply have not succeeded
in keeping pace with the problem of water and sanitation in LDC's.
A breakdown has occurred where there have been direct technology trans
fers which resulted in the selection of treatment processes too sophis
ticated or costly for in-country construction, maintenance, or opera
tion.
A basic problem, then, relates to site-specific selection of appro
priate technology in LDC's. This volume, in part the result of an
in-depth study sponsored by the United States Agency for International
Development and in part the result of additional and related efforts,
is concerned with this problem. Chapters I and II outline the diffi
culties encountered in donor/client relationships and technology trans
fer. Chapter III explains a methodology for selecting the most appro-
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piriate techriblbgy for water arid wastewater treatment for a particular
LDC site arid at a particular time, according to the material arid man
power resource capabilities' available: Chapter IV presents a mathe
matical model for LDC's in Africa, Asia J arid Latiri America; to predict
water arid wastewater demand, as weli as coristriictiori arid operation
ah'A mairiteriarice cost estimates for slow sarid filters; rapid sarid fil
ters; stabilization lagoons J aerated lagoons; activated sludge systems,
arid trickling filters. The basic technique used in developing this
model was step-wise multiple regression working from LDC iri-cbuhtry
cost data. Chapter V preserits a methodology for setting priorities
among LDC water siippiy programs. Chapters VI, VII, VIII; IX, arid X
constitute state of the art chapters (for application particularly
to LDC'sX ori past, present, arid future technologies for water and
wastewater; including bh-site disposal and treatment concepts.
The purpose of this volume is to support dbribr/client efforts to
reduce health problems through proper selectibh' of processes and pro
jects, realizing that much of the solution is educatiorial in nature.
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