Interface Controlled Materials, Volume 9

338 Pages·2000·15.101 MB·English

M. Rühle, H. Gleiter (Editors)
Interface Controlled Materials
EUROMAT 99 – Volume 9
InterfaceControlledMaterials.EditedbyM.Ru¨hleandH.Gleiter
Copyright2000Wiley-VCHVerlagGmbH,Weinheim.
ISBN:3-527-30191-7
EUROMAT 99 was the biannual meeting of the Federation of European Materials
Societies (FEMS) with its 21 member societies across Europe.
The program of the EUROMAT 99 congress was divided into 12 topics. The scientific
coordination was managed by topic coordinators. The responsible experts for the
individual topics were:
Topic A – Materials for Information Technology
K. Grassie, Philips GmbH, Aachen (D)
Topic B – Materials for Transportation Technology
P. J. Winkler, DaimlerChrysler AG, München (D)
Topic C – Materials for Electrical Power Generation and Energy Conversion
E. Tenckhoff, Siemens AG, Erlangen (D)
Topic D – Materials for Medical Engineering
H. Stallforth, Aesculap AG, Tuttlingen (D)
P. Revell, University College London (UK)
Topic E – Materials for Buildings and Structures
F. H. Wittmann, ETH Zürich (CH)
Topic F1 – Characterization Methods and Procedures
Y. Bréchet, INPG, Grenoble (F)
Topic F2 – Metals
R. Wagner, FZ. Jülich (D)
Topic F3 – Ceramics
G. Müller, Fraunhofer-Inst. f. Silicatforschung ISC, Würzburg (D)
Topic F4 – Polymers
G. Wegner, MPI für Polymerforschung, Mainz (D)
P. J. Lemstra, Univ. of Eindhoven (NL)
Topic F5 – Interface Controlled Materials
M. Rühle, MPI für Metallforschung, Stuttgart (D)
Topic G – Surface Technology
H. Dimigen, Fraunhofer-Inst. f. Schicht- und Oberflächentechnik IST, Braunschweig (D)
Topic H – Nano- and Microtechnology
J. Haußelt, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (D)
M. Rühle, H. Gleiter (Editors)
Interface Controlled Materials
EUROMAT 99 – Volume 9
Deutsche Gesellschaft Weinheim · New York · Chichester
für Materialkunde e.V. Brisbane · Singapore · Toronto
Editor:
Prof. Dr. M. Rühle Prof. Dr. H. Gleiter
Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe
Seestraße 92 Postfach 3640
70174 Stuttgart 76021 Karlsruhe
Germany Germany
This book was carefully procuced. Nevertheless, authors, editors and publisher do not warrant the information
contained therein to be free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements, data, illustrations,
procedural details or other items may inadvertently be inaccurate.
Library of Congress Card No. applied for.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Deutsche Bibliothek Cataloguing-in-Publication Data:
A catalogue record for this publication is available from Die Deutsche Bibliothek
ISBN 3-527-30191-7
© WILEY-VCH Verlag Gmbh, D-69469 Weinheim (Federal Republic of Germany), 2000
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Preface
Engineering progress essentially depends on the availability and the intelligent use of materials.
For many key industry areas, Europe constitutes a premier place for the development of new
materials and their applications. EUROMAT 99, the biannual meeting of the Federation of
European Materials Societies with its 21 member societies across Europe set out to become the
most comprehensive European event to demonstrate the wide range of the interdisciplinary per-
formance of materials.
EUROMAT was essentially focused on applications of materials with high innovation
potential. At the same time, fundamental approaches and processing related aspects for uncon-
ventional materials were addressed. In the frame of the 12 conference topics, 1650 papers were
originally submitted to the 52 symposia. A total of 655 have been selected as oral presentation by
the international group of chairpersons and were presented in 161 sessions. Further, the chair-
persons have selected 65 renowned experts for keynote lectures in the frame of their symposium.
Roughly 700 papers were displayed as posters.
The scope of EUROMAT was truly international. Papers originated from 57 countries.
Among them the major industrial countries of the world have contributed considerably to the
wealth of the programme. An overwhelming Eastern European contingent shows that there is a
strong interest of these countries in international cooperation.
EUROMAT 99 represents a showcase of the competence of the European materials societies.
Various European sister societies and federations act as cosponsors of the event. Joining with
FEMS, they are about to establish the network MatNet in order to promote and facilitate their
communication and cooperation. They have started a dialogue with the European Commission
in order to discuss programme goals and priorities for maintaining Europe´s global competitive-
ness. In view of this promising international perspective, the European Community has agreed
to sponsor EUROMAT 99 generously for which we are very grateful. EUROMAT 99 was focused
to a large extent on the aims of the closing 4th Framework Programme many projects of which
were presented.
EUROMAT 99 was hosted by WERKSTOFFWOCHE, a multisociety joint conference
project established in Germany in 1996. Among its initiators is the Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Materialkunde, one of the founding member societies of FEMS and technical organiser of this
year´s EUROMAT.
EUROMAT 99 represented an outstanding success. As the President of FEMS, I would
hope that it will serve as a model for future meetings, both in terms of organisation and international
cooperation. I would like to extend my gratitude to the scientists, chairpersons and coordinators
as well as to the various organisations and particularly to the Messe München who have made
this success possible.
Dr. Paul Costa
President of the Federation of European Materials Societies
Contents
I. Growth and Properties of Thin Films and Layered Structures
Structure and Ordering Process in Epitaxial ultra-thin Films of Metallic Alloys : in-situ
Temperature X-ray Diffraction of AuNi Llayers
I. Schuster, A. Marty, CEA/Grenoble (F);
B. Gilles, CNRS (F);
G. Abadias, Université de Poitiers (F).......................................................................................3
Thickness Distribution of Nitride Coatings Deposited by Cathodic Arc Evaporation and the
Effect of Increased Working Gas Pressure
M. Balzer, H. A. Jehn, FEM, Schwäbisch Gmünd (D);
C. Davies, P. Hatto, Multi-Arc Ltd., Durham (UK);
F. Passaretti, CNR Te.M.P.E., Milano (I)................................................................................11
Comparison of FTO coatings produced by Spray Pyrolysis and Aerosol Assisted CVD
(AACVD)
H. Bisht, A. Mehrtens, M. A. Aegerter, Institut für Neue Materialien - INM,
Saarbrücken (D).......................................................................................................................18
Controlled Nucleation and Growth of Noble Metals on Polymers
V. Zaporojtchenko, T. Strunskus, K. Behnke, F. Faupel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität
zu Kiel (D)................................................................................................................................24
Growth kinetics of iron carbide layers during gas carburization
A. Schneider, G. Inden, H. J. Grabke, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH,
Düsseldorf (D)..........................................................................................................................30
Creation and properties of thin-film multilayer structures Nb/Al O -Al/Nb for Josephson
2 3
junctions
T. Lebedeva, P. Shpilevoy, I. Voytovytch, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kyiv (UA)..........38
Correlation Between Growth Induced Structure, Stress and Relaxation in Thin Films
F. Hubenthal, T. Conradi, K. Röll, Universität Gh Kassel (D);
T. Stobiecki, University of Mining and Metallurgy, Kraków (PL)...........................................44
Magnetic Properties of FeCr S : Cu, In, Semiconductors
2 4
V. Tsurkan, D. Samusi, Institute of Applied Physics, Chisinau (MD);
E. Burzo, V. Pop, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca (RO);
M. Neumann, M. Demeter, Universitaet Osnabrueck (D);
M. Baran, R. Szymczak, H. Szymczak, Institute of Physics, Warsaw (PL)...............................50
Hard Ferrite Films Prepared by Electron Beam Evaporation for Microwave Applications
I. Wane, F. Cosset, A. Bessaudou, A. Célérier, C. Girault, J. L. Decossas, J. C. Vareille,
Laboratoire IRCOM (UMR 6615) / Equipe Capteur Microélectronique et
Microoptiques 123, Limoges Cedex (F)...................................................................................54
VIII
HREM of High-Tc Bi-2212 Superconducting Films on Vicinal Substrates
E. Connolly, V. L. Svetchnikov, H. W. Zandbergen, Technische Universiteit Delft (NL);
J. Pedarnig, R. Rössler, D. Bäuerle, Johannes-Kepler-Universität, Linz (A)..........................62
IV-VI and V-VI Materials for Thermoelectric Nanostructures
A. Lambrecht, J. Nurnus, H. Beyer, H. Böttner, Fraunhofer Institut Physikalische
Messtechnik, Freiburg (D).......................................................................................................68
Growth and Optical Characterization of InN Thin Films Synthesized by Low Temperature
Plasma Enhanced Reactionary Sputtering
V. Y. Malakhov, Institute for Problems of Materials Science, Kiev (UA)................................75
Influence of Growth Parameters on the Electrical and Optical Properties of GexSiyOz
Sputtered Thin Films
M. Clement, E. Iborra, J. Sangrador, I. Barberán, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (E)..80
Chemical Purity of Chemically Sprayed Thin Films
O. Bijakina, M. Krunks, E. Mellikov, Tallinn Technical University (EST)..............................85
Optoelectronic Properties of CdTe Thin Films
V. Valdna, Tallinn Technical University (EST)........................................................................90
On the Physical Nature of Traps in Polycrystalline Sb2O3
D. Toma, N. Tigau, L. Moraru, University of Galatzi (RO).....................................................96
Multilayer TiAlN/CrN and Multicomponent TiAlCrN Coatings for Improved
Wear Resistance
Q. Luo, W. M. Rainforth, University of Sheffield (UK);
W.-D. Münz, Sheffield Hallam University (UK).....................................................................100
Microstructural Evolution During Crystallization in Indium Tin Oxide Thin Films
C. W. Ow-Yang, Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Stuttgart (D);
D. C. Paine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (USA).........................................106
Characterisation of High Strength TiN/TiBx Multilayered Ceramic Coatings
T. J. Steer, B. J. Inkson, University of Oxford (UK)...............................................................112
II. Nanomaterials
Mechanomaking of Nanophased Materials
P. Matteazzi, CSGI, Firenze (I)..............................................................................................119
Atomic Scale Analysis of Electrodeposited Nanocrystalline Nickel Alloys
M. Thuvander, M. Abraham, H. M. Lane, A. Cerezo, G. D. W. Smith,
Oxford University (UK)..........................................................................................................126
Synthesis and Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol Based Composites, Containing Iron
Oxide Nanoparticles
G.A. Kapustin, D.Y. Godovsky, A.V. Varfolomeev, G.D. Efremova, V.M. Cherepanov,
V. Volkov, M.A. Moskvina, Moscow State University (RUS).................................................131
IX
Dielectric Properties of W-SiO Nanocomposites
2
S. Berger , T. Tepper, Technion, Haifa (IL)...........................................................................137
Creep Behavior of Pressureless Sintered Alumina/Silicon Carbide Nanocomposites
M. Sternitzke, T. Zhang, F. Meschke, H. Hübner, Technische Universität
Hamburg-Harburg (D)...........................................................................................................143
Nanoscaled Tin Oxide-Silica Particles
C. Gellermann, H. Wolter, W. Storch, Fraunhofer Institut für Silicatforschung,
Würzburg (D)..........................................................................................................................149
Molecular Sieves with Encapsulated TiO Clusters: Materials for the Optical Sensing of
2
Reductive Gas Atmospheres
M. Wark, G. Grubert, University of Bremen (D)....................................................................154
Formation of Metal Nanoclusters in Polymers by a Vapor Deposition Technique
T. Strunskus, K. Behnke, V. Zaporojtchenko, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (D)..160
Development of Al O - ZrO Nanostructured Composites Using Pulsed
2 3 2
Power Technologies
V. Ivanov, Y. Kotov, V. Khrustov, O. Samatov, S. Ivin, A. Murzakaev, O Osipov,
M. Ivanov, Institute of Electrophysics UD RAS, Ekaterinburg (RUS);
A. Medvedev, A. Shtol‘ts, Ural State Technical University, Ekaterinburg (RUS)..................166
Fine Transition Metals Carbonitride Powders for Preparation of Cermets
I. Zalite, Riga Technical University, Salaspils (LV);
V. Maslyuk, Institute for Problems of Materials Science, NASUUkraine, Kiew (UA);
S. Ordanyan, St. Petersburg State Technological University, St. Petersburg (RUS).............172
Silica Supporting Nickel Nanoparticles Prepared by a Sol-Gel Method
G. Ennas , G. Marongiu, G. Paschina, G. Piccaluga, S. Solinas, Università degli
Studi di Cagliari (I)................................................................................................................178
Aqueous Suspensions of Plasma-Prepared Fine Alumina – A Study by
Electrokinetic Measurements
M. Berzins, L. Chera, T. Millers, Riga Technical University, Salaspils (LV)........................184
Nanocomposites of the Polyolefine Clay Type – New Products Using a Novel
Compounding Technique
D. Wolf, U. Wagenknecht, B. Kretzschmar, Institute of Polymer Research, Dresden (D).....189
Physical Characterisation of Some Semiconductor Clusters Encapsulated in Zeolites
F. Iacomi, Faculty of Physics, Al.I.Cuza University, Iasi (RO).............................................194
Nanocrystallisation of Finemet Alloys with Different Composition
T. Pradell, ESAB, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Barcelona (E)
J. Zhu, M. Clavaguera-Mora, Dept. de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona,
Bellaterra (E)
N. Clavaguera, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona (E)
D. Crespo, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Barcelona (E).........................................201
X
III. Structures and Compositions of Interfaces
Bonding at Metal-Ceramic Interfaces Studied with High Resolution Transmission
Electron Microscopy
J. De Hosson, H. H.B. Groen, B. B.J. Kooi, H. H. Haarsma, University of
Groningen (NL)......................................................................................................................209
Theoretical Investigations of Interfaces in Electroceramic Materials
P. Bristowe, H. Domingos, University of Cambridge (GB)...................................................221
Joined Numerical and Observational Study of Complex Tilt Grain Boundaries
Structures at the Atomic Level in Nickel
O. Hardouin Duparc, LSI, CEA-CNRS, Palaiseau (F);
A. Larere, S. Poulat, L. Priester, LEMHE, UPS, Orsay (F);
J. Thibault, SPMM, CEA, Grenoble (F).................................................................................231
New Nano-Scale Characterization Techniques for Interphases
E. Mäder, Institute of Polymer-Research, Dresden (D);
S.-L. Gao, J.-K. Kim, University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong (RC)...................237
Atomistic Structure and Chemical Composition of Grain Boundaries in Strontium Titanate
O. Kienzle, M. Rühle, Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Stuttgart (D).....................243
Influence of the Misfit on the Interface Roughness in SrTiO3 Based cuprate
Heterostructures and Superlattices
J. Ayache, CSNSM, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay (F);
J.-P. Contour, C. Chenu, Unité Mixte de Physique C.N.R.S. Thomson-CSF, Orsay (F);
M. Drouet, O. Durand, M. Magis, Thomson-CSF, LCR, Domaine de Corbeville,
Orsay (F)................................................................................................................................249
PVD Interface Design of Niobium Coatings on Steel Substrates by Cathodic arc
Generated High Energy Ion Bombardment
H. Paritong, C. Schoenjahn, L. Donohue, W.-D. Münz, Material Research Institute,
Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield (GB)...........................................................................255
Structure and Morphology of Al-Matrix-Al2CuMg -Precipitate Interface
V. V. Radmilovic, University of Belgrade, Belgrade (YU);
R. R. Kilaas, U. U. Dahmen, LBNL, University of California, Berkeley (USA).....................261
Nanosize Nitride-Based Composite Powders Produced by ICP Technique
J. Grabis, Riga Technical University, Salaspils (LV).............................................................267
Process-Induced Modification to the Surface of Crystalline Silicon Measured by Precise
Chemical Analysis
T. Briantseva, Z. Lebedeva, D. Lioubtchenko, Institute of Radioengineering and
Electronics, Moscow (RUS);
M. Nolan, T. Perova, A. Moore, Trinity College, Dublin (IRL);
H. Gamble, The Queen’s University of Belfast (GB)..............................................................273
XI
Simulation of Shape Memory Alloy Reinforced Material: Dynamic Control Concepts
C. Kober, University of Technology Munich (D)...................................................................279
Interface Interaction in Metal-C Nanostructured Thin Films
60
A. Devenyi, A. Belu-Marian, R. Popescu, D. Macovei, R. Manaila, National Institute
for Physics of Materials, Bucharest-Magurele (RO);
P. Barna, J. Labar, Research Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science,
Budapest (HU)........................................................................................................................285
IV. Nanotechnology
Synthesis of Nanostructured Carbon Films Deposited by Supersonic Cluster Beam
E. Barborini, P. Piseri, L. Diederich, A. Podesta’, C. Lenardi, P. Milani, Universita’
di Milano (I)............................................................................................................................293
Preparation and Characterisation of Nanocomposites for Optical Applications: Laser-
Synthesized Si-Nonocrystals Embedded in Dielectric Hosts by Sol-Gel-Processing
E. Borsella, Unita’ INFM di Padova (I);
L. Sangaletti, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Brescia (I);
S. Botti, S. Martelli, M. Falconieri, ENEA, Div. INN/NUMA, Rome (I),;
L. Costa, F. Bignoli, S. Grandi, G.D.E. S.r.l., Novara (I);
L. Depero, B. Allieri, Universita' di Brescia (I).....................................................................299
Nanocrystalline Hydrogen Storage Alloys Formed by Mechanical Alloying
M. Jurczyk, W. Rajewski, University of Poznan (PL).............................................................304
Nanotribology: Heat Production and Dissipative Processes in "Friction"
R. Bassani, M. D’Acunto, Università di Pisa (I)....................................................................310
Structure and properties of centrifugal casting of AlSi12-SiC and AlSi12-Al O particle
2 3
composites
J. Sleziona, J. Myalski, Silesian University of Technology, Katowice (PL)...........................316
Titanium Flake-Reinforced aluminum Matrix Composite Prepared from Multilayered Foils by
Cold Pressure Welding
Y. Okumura, Toyama University, Toyama (J)
S. Saji, H. Aanada, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama University, Toyama (J).......................321
Author Index.........................................................................................................................327
Subject Index.........................................................................................................................331