Interactive Transformations for Visual Models - Christian-Albrechts

189 Pages·2011·3.74 MB·English

Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
Bachelor Thesis
Interactive Transformations
for Visual Models
Ulf Rüegg
March 11, 2011
Department of Computer Science
Real-Time and Embedded Systems Group
Prof. Dr. Reinhard von Hanxleden
Advised by:
Dipl.-Inf. Christian Motika
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Eidesstattliche Erklärung
Hiermit erkläre ich an Eides statt, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit selbstständig
verfasst und keine anderen als die angegebenen Hilfsmittel verwendet habe.
Kiel,
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Abstract
Model transformations are an integral part of Model Driven Engineering (MDE). But
these transformations are mostly executed silently and at once in the background.
The user does not gain any insight into the process of the transformation, and the
concrete coherences between the input model and its transformed version do not
become clear. In this thesis, an approach to visualize a transformation is presented.
The overall transformation is broken down into steps of a certain granularity. As
a result the transformation can be executed step-wise by successively performing
single steps. Each intermediate step is illustrated visually in order to improve the
overall comprehensibility. Erroneous transformations can be examined easier as it is
possible to locate the part of the transformation where the error is introduced more
precisely.
SyncCharts and Esterel are graphical and textual programming languages, re-
spectively, used for the design of reactive systems. A transformation between the
two languages is desirable in order to utilize each representation’s advantages. A
graphical representation improves comprehension while it is faster to edit a textual
representation. An implementation of a transformation that transforms an Esterel
program into a SyncChart and which is executable in steps is presented in the con-
text of the Kiel Integrated Environment for Layout Eclipse Rich Client (KIELER)
project.
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Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 KIELER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Structure of this Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 Esterel v5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.5 SyncCharts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2 Related Work 9
2.1 Esterel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1.1 Statecharts to Esterel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1.2 Synthesizing SyncCharts from Esterel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2 Model Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2.1 Transformation Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2.2 KIELER Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2.3 Triple Graph Grammars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.2.4 Visual Debugging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.2.5 Integrating Textual and Graphical Modeling . . . . . . . . . 13
3 Used Technologies 15
3.1 Eclipse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.1.1 Plug-in Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.1.2 Eclipse Modeling Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.1.3 Xtext . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.1.4 Xtend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.2 JUnit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.3 KIELER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.3.1 KIELER Execution Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.3.2 KIELER Viewmanagement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.3.3 Thin KIELER SyncCharts Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4 Adaption of the Esterel Grammar in KIELER 31
4.1 Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.1.1 KExpressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.2 Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.2.1 Obstacles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.2.2 Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
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5 Visual Transformation 39
5.1 A Generic Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5.1.1 Graphical User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5.2 Esterel to SyncCharts Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
5.2.1 nothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
5.2.2 pause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
5.2.3 halt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
5.2.4 abort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.2.5 assign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.2.6 await . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5.2.7 do-upto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.2.8 do-watching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5.2.9 emit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
5.2.10 every . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
5.2.11 if . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
5.2.12 local-signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
5.2.13 local-variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
5.2.14 loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
5.2.15 loop-each . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
5.2.16 parallel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
5.2.17 present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
5.2.18 call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
5.2.19 sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
5.2.20 suspend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
5.2.21 sustain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
5.2.22 trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
5.2.23 exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
5.3 Optimization of SyncCharts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
5.3.1 Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
5.3.2 Removal of Unessential Conditional Pseudostates . . . . . . . 94
5.3.3 Removal of Unessential Simple States (1) . . . . . . . . . . . 96
5.3.4 Removal of Unessential Simple States (2) . . . . . . . . . . . 98
5.3.5 Merging of Simple Final States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
5.3.6 Removal of Unessential Normal Terminations . . . . . . . . . 102
5.3.7 Removal of Unessential Macro States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
5.3.8 Removal of Macro States with Only One Sub-State . . . . . . 106
5.3.9 Checking of a State’s Final Character . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
6 Implementation 111
6.0.10 Creation of a TransformationContext . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
6.0.11 Generic Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
6.1 Implementation of the Esterel to SyncCharts Transformation . . . . 116
6.1.1 Initial Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
6.1.2 Xtend Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
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6.1.3 Java Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
6.2 Implementation of the SyncCharts Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . 122
6.2.1 Xtend Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
6.2.2 Java Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
6.3 Implementation of the Controlling Combination . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
7 Validation and Experimental Results 129
7.1 Testing the Esterel Grammar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
7.2 Testing the Transformation Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
7.3 Experimental Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
7.3.1 Transformation Durations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
7.3.2 Optimization Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
8 Concluding Results 137
8.1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
8.2 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
8.3 Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
A Sources 143
Bibliography 165
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