Interactive computer graphics. A top-down approach

778 Pages·2012·7.982 MB·English

by  Angel E., Shreiner D.

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INTERACTIVE COMPUTER GRAPHICS
A TOP-DOWN APPROACH WITH SHADER-BASED OPENGL®
6th Edition
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INTERACTIVE COMPUTER GRAPHICS
A TOP-DOWN APPROACH WITH SHADER-BASED OPENGL®
6th Edition
EDWARD ANGEL
University of New Mexico
•
DAVE SHREINER
ARM, Inc.
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Angel,Edward.
Interactivecomputergraphics:atop-downapproachwithshader-basedOpenGL/
EdwardAngel,DavidShreiner.—6thed.
p. cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN-13:978-0-13-254523-5(alk.paper)
ISBN-10:0-13-254523-3(alk.paper)
1.Computergraphics. 2.OpenGL. I.Shreiner,Dave. II.Title.
T385.A51332012
006.6—dc22 2011004742
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1—EB—15 14 13 12 11
Addison-Wesley
is an imprint of
ISBN10:0-13-254523-3
ISBN13:978-0-13-254523-5
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To Vicki, Bonnie, Bob, and Phantom —D.S.
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CONTENTS
Preface xxi
CHAPTER1 GRAPHICSSYSTEMSANDMODELS 1
1.1 ApplicationsofComputerGraphics 2
1.1.1 DisplayofInformation 2
1.1.2 Design 3
1.1.3 SimulationandAnimation 3
1.1.4 UserInterfaces 4
1.2 AGraphicsSystem 5
1.2.1 PixelsandtheFrameBuffer 5
1.2.2 TheCPUandtheGPU 6
1.2.3 OutputDevices 7
1.2.4 InputDevices 9
1.2.5 PhysicalInputDevices 10
1.2.6 LogicalDevices 12
1.2.7 InputModes 13
1.3 Images:PhysicalandSynthetic 15
1.3.1 ObjectsandViewers 15
1.3.2 LightandImages 16
1.3.3 ImagingModels 18
1.4 ImagingSystems 20
1.4.1 ThePinholeCamera 20
1.4.2 TheHumanVisualSystem 22
1.5 TheSynthetic-CameraModel 23
1.6 TheProgrammer’sInterface 25
1.6.1 ThePen-PlotterModel 27
1.6.2 Three-DimensionalAPIs 28
1.6.3 ASequenceofImages 31
1.6.4 TheModeling–RenderingParadigm 32
1.7 GraphicsArchitectures 33
1.7.1 DisplayProcessors 34
1.7.2 PipelineArchitectures 34
vii
viii Contents
1.7.3 TheGraphicsPipeline 35
1.7.4 VertexProcessing 36
1.7.5 ClippingandPrimitiveAssembly 36
1.7.6 Rasterization 37
1.7.7 FragmentProcessing 37
1.8 ProgrammablePipelines 37
1.9 PerformanceCharacteristics 38
SummaryandNotes 39
SuggestedReadings 40
Exercises 41
CHAPTER2 GRAPHICSPROGRAMMING 43
2.1 TheSierpinskiGasket 43
2.2 ProgrammingTwo-DimensionalApplications 46
2.3 TheOpenGLApplicationProgrammingInterface 50
2.3.1 GraphicsFunctions 51
2.3.2 TheGraphicsPipelineandStateMachines 53
2.3.3 TheOpenGLInterface 53
2.3.4 CoordinateSystems 55
2.4 PrimitivesandAttributes 56
2.4.1 PolygonBasics 58
2.4.2 PolygonsinOpenGL 59
2.4.3 ApproximatingaSphere 60
2.4.4 Triangulation 62
2.4.5 Text 64
2.4.6 CurvedObjects 65
2.4.7 Attributes 65
2.5 Color 67
2.5.1 RGBColor 69
2.5.2 IndexedColor 71
2.5.3 SettingofColorAttributes 72
2.6 Viewing 73
2.6.1 TheOrthographicView 74
2.6.2 Two-DimensionalViewing 77
2.7 ControlFunctions 78
2.7.1 InteractionwiththeWindowSystem 78
2.7.2 AspectRatioandViewports 79
2.7.3 Themain,display,andinitFunctions 80
2.7.4 ProgramStructure 83