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Interactions of Biochar and Herbicides in the Environment Interactions of Biochar and Herbicides in the Environment Edited by Kassio Ferreira Mendes First edition published 2022 by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487–2742 and by CRC Press 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. 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ISBN: 978-1-032-06397-3 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-032-06375-1 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-20207-3 (ebk) DOI: 10.1201/9781003202073 Typeset in Times by Apex CoVantage, LLC Contents Preface �� vii Editor� �� ix List of Contributors �� xi List of Abbreviations �� xvii Chapter 1 Agricultural Applications of Biochar �� 1 Mingxin Guo and Weiping Song Chapter 2 Biochar Production, Properties, and Its Influencing Factors �� 23 Tiago Guimarães and Renata Pereira Lopes Moreira Chapter 3 Influence of Herbicide Environmental Behavior on Weed Management �� 53 Rafael De Prado, Candelario Palma- Bautista, José Guadalupe Vázquez- García, and Ricardo Alcántara- de la Cruz Chapter 4 Interaction Mechanisms Between Biochar and Herbicides �� 79 Rodrigo Nogueira de Sousa, Matheus Bortolanza Soares, Felipe Hipólito dos Santos, Camille Nunes Leite, and Kassio Ferreira Mendes Chapter 5 Effects of Biochars on Sorption and Desorption of Herbicides in Soil �� 131 Kamila Cabral Mielke, Kassio Ferreira Mendes, and Tiago Guimarães Chapter 6 Effect of Biochar on Soil Herbicide Transport �� 167 Daniel Valadão Silva, Tatiane Severo Silva, Bruno Caio Chaves Fernandes, Taliane Maria da Silva Teófilo, Francisca Daniele da Silva, and Kassio Ferreira Mendes Chapter 7 Effects of Biochar on Degradation Herbicides in the Soil �� 189 Vanessa Takeshita, Fernando Sarmento de Oliveira, Gustavo Vinícios Munhoz- Garcia, Bruno Caio Chaves Fernandes, Taliane Maria da Silva Teófilo, Kassio Ferreira Mendes, and Valdemar Luiz Tornisielo v vi Contents Chapter 8 Impacts of Biochar Addition on Herbicides’ Efficacy for Weed Control in Agriculture ...................................................................... 219 Gabriel da Silva Amaral, Manuel Alejandro Ix-B alam, Kassio Ferreira Mendes, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da Silva, and Ricardo Alcántara-d e la Cruz Chapter 9 Removal of Herbicides from Water Using Biochar .......................... 251 Widad El Bouaidi, Ghizlane Enaime, Mohammed Loudiki, Abdelrani Yaacoubi, Mountasser Douma, and Manfred Lübken Index...................................................................................................................... 273 Preface The use of herbicides is a fundamental part of the current agricultural model, and without the use of these products it would likely be unfeasible to guarantee food security worldwide. On the other hand, these products have a series of environmen tal and social impacts, which demand a constant concern on the part of society. Soil is the final fate of herbicides applied in agriculture in the soil–plant system. When they come into contact with the soil, herbicides are subject to a series of physical– chemical processes that regulate their fate and behavior in the environment, which is extremely complex. The use of biochar in agricultural soils as fertilizer and soil con ditioner has been further explored; however, little is known about the effect of this material on soils contaminated with herbicides, and little is known about its effect on weed control as well. The fate and environmental behavior of certain herbicides, as well as their efficacy when applied directly to the soil, such as pre- emergent her bicides with residual action, are strongly influenced by the retention bond with soil particles and organic carbon content. Therefore, the addition of biochar to the soil can easily potentiate the herbicide retention process, which, in addition to contrib uting positively to the reduction of chemical contaminants in the environment, can exert negative effects on herbicide behavior and effectiveness of these products in weed control. Thus, this book highlights the physical and chemical characteristics of biochar, which can impact on the sorption–desorption, runoff, leaching, and hence efficacy and degradation of herbicides. Furthermore, the removal of herbicides in water is also evidenced with the addition of biochar. vii Editor Dr. Kassio Ferreira Mendes is Professor of Biology and Integrated Management of Weed, Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Brazil; Post-D octor (2019) and Doctor (2017) in Science – Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (Chemistry in Agriculture and Environment) by Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Brazil with interuniversity exchange doctorate University of Minnesota, USA (2016), Twin Cities Campus – College of Food and Agricultural Sciences in the Department of Soil, Water, and Climate. Master in Agronomy (Crop Science) by Federal University of Viçosa (2013); Agronomist by University of State Mato Grosso (2011); Member of Brazilian Society of Weed Science. ix