Inter-organizational Cooperation with SAP Systems: Perspectives on Logistics and Service Management

197 Pages·2000·5.699 MB·English

by  Prof. Dr. Peter Buxmann, Prof. Dr. Wolfgang König (auth.)

SAP Excellence
Series editors:
Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Peter Mertens
Universitat Erlangen -Niirnberg
Dr. Peter Zencke,
SAP AG, Walldorf
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Peter Buxmann
Wolfgang Konig
Inter-organizational
Cooperation
with SAP Systems
Perspectives on Logistics
and Service
Mana~ement
With 92 Figures
and 1 Table
, Springer
Prof. Dr. Peter Buxmann
Technical University of Freiberg
Chair of Information Management
Lessingstrasse 45
09599 Freiberg
Germany
[email protected]
prof. Dr. Wolfgang Konig
University of Frankfurt
Institute of Information Systems
Mertonstrasse 17
D-60054 Frankfurt
Germany
[email protected]
ISBN 978-3-662-04220-5 ISBN 978-3-662-04218-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-04218-2
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme
Buxmann, Peter: Inter-organizational Cooperation with SAP Systems: Perspectives on
Logistics and Service Management; with 1 table 1 Peter Buxmann; Wolfgang Konig. -
Berlin; Heidelberg; New York; Barcelona; Hong Kong; London; Milan; Paris; Singapore;
Tokyo: Springer, 2000
(SAP Excellence)
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000
Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2000
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 2000
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Preface
The formation of inter-organizational cooperation is increasingly used to improve
the partners' competitive position in a global world economy. This tendency in
logistics occurs when members of a supply chain become partners: suppliers,
manufacturers, logistics service providers, and finally the end-customers. Supply
chain management attempts to optimize the flows of goods and information
between companies.
Logistics service companies play an increasingly important role in the supply
chain. Their task here is no longer restricted to just providing basic logistics
services such as transport, warehousing and transshipment. Rather, logistics
service providers are increasingly becoming complete providers of service and
information. For example, they provide basic services, such as financing for
inventory or offer after-sales services. Because of the fundamental importance of
the exchange of information for the coordination of the supply chain, logistics
service companies are also increasingly becoming information and
communications systems specialists.
To support logistics processes, SAP provides various systems for the parties in the
supply chain. These include modules for the logistics functions in the Rl3 System,
such as sales and distribution (SD module) and materials management (MM
module), and EDI and Workflow Management to link companies using the
Internet. In addition, SAP provides various components to optimize the supply
chain.
This book concentrates on the business processes linking companies and
investigates the opportunities and limits on the use of SAP systems. This book
compares the known task requirements to the SAP methodology. Special attention
is paid to how SAP supports the function oflogistics service providers.
Although this book aims to provide a practical presentation of these concepts and
solutions, it does not ignore the scientific foundation. Whereas Chapters I and 2
concentrate on providing a compact representation of the available method
VI Preface
knowledge, Chapters 3 to 6 show solutions based on SAP systems. The practical
orientation is enhanced by the inclusion of case studies: The Schenker Logistics
case shows how logistics service providers are increasingly changing to become
complete service providers and specialists in the provision and use of information
and communications systems (Chapter 7). We use the example of Goodyear to
show how modern information and communications systems can support the
coordination of logistics between companies (Chapter 8). The use of SAP Rl3 and
the Supply Chain Management Initiative are discussed in both cases.
This book belongs to the SAP Excellence series, which initially contains the
following works:
• Appelrath, Hans-Jiirgen; Ritter, Jorg: SAP Rl3 Implementation. Methods and
Tools
• Becker, Jorg; Uhr, Wolfgang; Vering, Oliver: Retail Information Systems
Based on SAP Products
• Buxmann, Peter; Konig, Wolfgang: Inter-organizational Cooperation with
SAP Systems. Perspectives on Logistics and Service Management
• Knolmayer, Gerhard; Mertens, Peter; Zeier, Alexander: Supply Chain
Management Based on SAP Systems. Order Processing in Manufacturing
Companies
A feature of all these works, and thus also this book, is that employees of SAP
have recently validated all statements made about the software. We have created
under www.wiwi.uni-frankfurt.de/sap a discussion forum to exchange experience
gained with the use of SAP systems for the cooperation between companies and,
in particular, for the supply chain management. We hope that our readers actively
participate in the discussion forum.
Finally, we would like to express our thanks to a number of people who supported
us in many ways in the production of this book. These include Prof Peter Mertens
and Dr. Peter Zencke, the initiators of the SAP Excellence series, and Dr. Franz
Hollich, our central contact partner at SAP AG. We also thank our partners for the
practical examples, Dr. Joachim Klein and Bernhard Oymann at Schenker
Logistics, Jiirgen Herb at Goodyear, and many employees from SAP for their
exemplary cooperation. Last but not least, Markus Fricke, Sven Grolik and Claus
Hittmeyer, all employees at the Institute for Information Management, earn our
grateful thanks for their valuable support in preparing notes for this book.
Moreover, we would like to thank Anthony Rudd for translating the manuscript.
Peter Buxmann Wolfgang Konig
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 The Use of Information and Communications Technology to
Support Cooperation Between Organizations in Logistics ____________ l
1.1 Forms and Motives of Building Cooperation _____________________________ )
1.2 Inter-Organizational cooperation in Logistics ____________________________ )
1.3 Development Stages in Information and Communication
Technology ___________________________________________________________________________ 3
1.4 Development Phases in Logistics ______________________________________________ 7
Chapter 2 Inter-Organizational Processes and Cooperation in Logistics
Networks 9
2.1 Principles of Materials Logistics _______________________________________________ 10
2.1.1 Subfunctions for Procurement Logistics and Distribution
Logistics_ _________________________________________________________________________ 11
2.1.2 Transport Chains and Transport Networks. ___________________________ 13
2.1.3 Planning and Optimization Concepts in Materials Logistics ____ 14
2.2 Principles of the Information Logistics ______________________________________ 25
2.2.1 The Connection between Information and Materials
Logistics _________________________________________________________________________ 26
2.2.2 Information-logistical Infrastructure ____________________________________ 30
2.2.3 Electronic Commerce in the Supply Chain __________________________ )4
VIII Table of Contents
2.2.4 Security in Information and Communications Networks ......... 39
2.2.5 Standardization and Network Effects 44
2.3 Supply Chain Management - Specification and Monitoring of
Logistics Networks .................................................................4 5
2.3.1 Principles of the Supply Chain Management ........................ 45
2.3.2 Concepts and Instruments of the Supply Chain Management .. 46
2.3.3 Problems with the Control of Supply Chains ........................ 50
2.3.4 Problems with the "Coopetition" of Companies .................... 52
2.4 Modem Tasks for Logistics Service Providers in the Supply
Chain. ................................................................................... 52
2.4.1 From Logistics Service to Logistics System Service .............. 52
2.4.2 Service Management as Modem Task Area for Logistics
Service Providers ............................................................. 54
2.4.3 The Logistics Service Provider as Supply Chain Manager ...... 56
2.5 Supply Chain Management Systems. ......................................... 57
Chapter 3 mySAP.com .......................................................................... 59
3.1 mySAP.com Marketplace ........................................................ 59
3.2 mySAP.com Workplaces ......................................................... 63
3.3 mySAP.com Components and Business Scenarios. ...................... 65
3.4 mySAP.com Application Hosting ............................................. 66
3.5 mySAP.com Internet Business Framework. ................................ 67
Chapter 4 Support of Inter-Organizational Logistics Processes with the SAP
R13 System ............................................................................ 69
4.1 SAP R13 in the Logistics: Overview .......................................... 69
4.2 MM Module Functions ........................................................... 70
4.3 SD Module Functions ............................................................. 72
Table of Contents IX
4.4 SM Module Functions_ ____________________________________________________________ 74
4_5 The Customer Relationship Management-Initiative of SAP __________ 76
4_5_1 SAP Marketing ________________________________________________________________ 76
4_5_2 SAP Sales _______________________________________________________________________ 76
4_5_3 SAP Service_ ____________________________________________________________________ 78
4.5.4 Architecture and Connection of Mobile Components _____________ 78
4_6 Electronic Data Interchange _____________________________________________________ 79
4_6_1 Principles and Potential Use _______________________________________________ 79
4_6_2 ED! with SAP R/3: Possibilities and Limitations ___________________ 81
Chapter 5 Internet Basic Technologies with SAP Systems. __________________________ 83
5 _1 Principles of the SAP Business Framework: Business
Components, Business Objects and BAPIs _________________________________ 84
5_2 SAP R/3 Internet Application Components ________________________________ 85
5_2_1 The Internet Application Components Concept. ____________________ 86
5.2.2 Applications on the Basis of the SAP R/3 Internet
Application Components ___________________________________________________ 86
5.2.3 Electronic Commerce with SAP R/3: The FAG Kugelfischer
Sample Application __________________________________________________________ 89
5.2.4 Internet Application Components - An Assessment. ______________ 92
5.3 ED! over the Internet ______________________________________________________________ 95
Chapter 6 New SAP Systems to Support Supply Chain Management ___________ 99
6_1 SAP Advanced Planner and Optimizer (APO) ____________________________ 99
6_1.1 Overview ________________________________________________________________________ 99
6.1_2 APO Solver _____________________________________________________________________ 101
6_ 1.3 The Supply Chain Cockpit. ________________________________________________ 101