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IntensIve IntermedIate LatIn Intensive Intermediate Latin: A Grammar and Workbook comprises an accessible grammar and related exercises in a single volume. It outlines every major grammatical point usually taught in an intermediate college Latin course, as well as other grammatical topics which may be introduced in the first semester of reading prose or poetry. Features include: ● Careful management and repetition of vocabulary used to encourage sole focus on the grammar ● A variety of exercises to enable students to recognize and isolate the grammatical structures in English, helping them to translate into Latin with greater ease ● Frequent Latin-to-English and full English-to-Latin translations ● Exercises requiring students to modify aspects of Latin sentences in order to enable improved grammar acquisition. Written by an experienced instructor, Intensive Intermediate Latin: A Grammar and Workbook is an ideal resource for students who want to build on their foundations of Latin. The title can be used as a textbook, grammar reference and practice resource for students and independent learners with some knowledge of the language. Intensive Intermediate Latin, with its sister volume Intensive Basic Latin, forms a compendium of essentials of Latin grammar. Jean-François R. Mondon trained as an Indo-Europeanist/Historical Linguist at the University of Pennsylvania and received his PhD in 2009. He is currently an Assistant Professor of Foreign Languages (German and Latin) at Minot State University in North Dakota. His major research interests are tracing the phonological developments of Indo-European languages such as Classical Armenian as well as language pedagogy and vocabulary acquisition. Other titles available in the Grammar Workbooks series are: Basic Arabic Basic Cantonese Intermediate Cantonese Basic Chinese Intermediate Chinese Basic German Intermediate German Basic Irish Intermediate Irish Basic Italian Basic Japanese Intermediate Japanese Basic Korean Intermediate Korean Basic Latin Basic Persian Basic Polish Intermediate Polish Basic Portuguese Basic Russian Intermediate Russian Basic Spanish Intermediate Spanish Basic Welsh Intermediate Welsh Basic Yiddish IntensIve IntermedIate LatIn: a Grammar and Workbook Jean-François r. mondon First published 2016 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2016 Jean-François R. Mondon The right of Jean-François R. Mondon to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mondon, Jean-François R., author. Intensive Intermediate Latin : A Grammar and Workbook / Jean-François R. Mondon. pages cm 1. Latin language–Grammar. I. Title. PA2087.5.M584 2015 478.2′421–dc23 2015005341 ISBN: 978-0-415-72365-7 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-415-72366-4 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-68352-2 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong meō frātrī sorōrīque This page intentionally left blank Contents Introduction ix Latin sources xii 1 Deponent verbs 1 2 Fīō 10 3 Infinitives 17 4 Indirect statement 27 5 Present and imperfect subjunctives 34 6 Subjunctive of irregular verbs 44 7 Purpose clauses 50 8 Indirect commands 58 9 Perfect and pluperfect subjunctives 64 10 Sequence of tenses 70 11 Indirect questions 76 12 Potential and optative subjunctives 84 13 Result clauses I 90 14 Result clauses II 97 15 Quod substantive clauses 105 16 Impersonal verbs 110 17 Indirect reflexives 118 18 Hortatory and jussive subjunctives 124 19 Causal clauses 129 20 Concessive clauses 134 21 Temporal clauses I – when(ever) 140 22 Temporal clauses II – before and after 146 23 Dum clauses 151 24 Conditional sentences 157 vii Contents 25 Doubting clauses 164 26 Fearing clauses 170 27 Clauses of prevention 176 28 Gerunds 182 29 Gerundives 189 30 Periphrastics 194 31 Fore 201 32 Supine 207 33 Subjunctive by attraction 212 34 Syncopated verbal forms 218 35 Numerals 224 36 Greek nouns 232 37 Meter I: weight and feet 238 38 Meter II: elision and synizesis 245 39 Archaic Latin 251 40 Late Latin 257 Key to exercises 264 Dictionaries Latin–English 319 English–Latin 352 viii IntrodUCtIon This book is intended as a synopsis of every major grammatical point usually taught in the final semester or two of a Latin program before students begin taking courses on individual authors or works. This book could easily be extended throughout two 15-week semesters or within a single 20-week semester/term which meets for 5+ hours a week, covering two units per week. The two overarching grammatical points which run throughout a large part of this book are the subjunctive mood and subordinate clauses. A mastery of both is essential in not only understanding the fine points of reading Latin authors but also in improving fluency in reading in general. This book shares many similarities with the first volume, Intensive Basic Latin, including each unit’s focus on one grammatical topic. Units whose topics share similarities were grouped together, forming unofficial “superunits” which a teacher could certainly use as the foundations of a course. Not all units fit easily into “superunits,” though the majority do and it seems useful to highlight the more natural classes here: Units 1–2 verbs which break the normal mode of active/passive formation Units 3–4 infinitives and their primary use Units 5–8 present and imperfect subjunctives and two uses which require knowledge of only these two subjunctives Units 9–14 perfect and pluperfect subjunctive and uses which require knowledge of all four subjunctives Units 19–23 cum clauses and temporal clauses Units 25–27 clauses whose introductory conjunctions are determined by the verb of the dominating clause Units 28–30 gerunds, gerundives and their uses Units 37–38 meter Units 39–40 stages of Latin. Most of units 1 through 36 contain ten excerpts from various Latin authors for translation. These very brief excerpts are intended to give students practice in reading a variety of authors. Many of the passages are left unedited, while others have been simplified by deleting subordinate clauses or other words from ix