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Intelligent Environmental Data Monitoring for Pollution Management Intelligent Environmental Data Monitoring for Pollution Management Edited by Siddhartha Bhattacharyya CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India Naba Kumar Mondal The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India Jan Platos VSˇB - Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic Va´clav Sna´sˇel VSˇB - Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic € Pavel Kromer VSˇB - Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic Series Editor Fatos Xhafa Universitat Polite`cnica de Catalunya, Spain AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier 125LondonWall,LondonEC2Y5AS,UnitedKingdom 525BStreet,Suite1650,SanDiego,CA92101,UnitedStates 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom ©2021ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. 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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN978-0-12-819671-7 ForinformationonallAcademicPresspublications visitourwebsiteathttps://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher:CandiceJanco AcquisitionsEditor:MarisaLaFleur EditorialProjectManager:LenaSparks ProductionProjectManager:BharatwajVaratharajan CoverDesigner:AlanStudholme TypesetbySPiGlobal,India Dedication SiddharthaBhattacharyyawouldliketodedicatethisbooktoDrFrBennyThomas,Professor, DepartmentofComputerScienceandEngineering&InformationTechnologyandDrFrJoseph Varghese,PersonnelOfficerandProfessor,DepartmentofMathematics,CHRIST(Deemedto beUniversity),India. Naba Kumar Mondal would like to dedicate this book to his sweet and loving father and mother,whoseaffection,love,encouragement,andprayerofdayandnightmadehimachieve suchsuccessandhonor. JanPlatoswouldliketodedicatethisbooktohiswifeDanielaandhisdaughtersEmmaand Margaret. Contributors JinatAktar Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute ofTechnology Guwahati, Guwahati,Assam, India AnindyaBanerjee Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, KalyaniGovernment EngineeringCollege,Kalyani, West Bengal,India Jatindra N.Bhakta Department ofEcological Studies& International Center for Ecological Engineering, University ofKalyani, Kalyani,West Bengal, India Mariem Brahem DAVIDLab,University ofVersailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris-SaclayUniversity,Versailles, France Mohamed Chachoua LASTIG, University GustaveEiffel, EIVP,Paris, France AdrianeChapman University ofSouthampton, Southampton, United Kingdom Soumya ChattorajUniversity Institute ofTechnology, GeneralScience and Humanities, TheUniversity of Burdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal,India PriyankaDebnath Environmental ChemistryLaboratory, Department of Environmental Science,The University ofBurdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal,India T.T. Dhivyaprabha Department of Computer Science,AvinashilingamInstitute for Home Scienceand Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore,India ApurbaRatan GhoshDepartmentofEnvironmentalScience,The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal,India Manash Gope Department ofChemistry, National Instituteof Technology Durgapur (NITD), Durgapur, West Bengal, India Metehan Guzel Department ofComputer Engineering,GaziUniversity, Ankara, Turkey Hafsa E.L. Hafyani DAVID Lab, University ofVersaillesSaint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris-SaclayUniversity,Versailles, France G.JayashreeNortheasternUniversity,Boston,MA, United States ZoubidaKedad DAVIDLab,University ofVersailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris-SaclayUniversity,Versailles, France xiii xiv Contributors Ibrahim Kok Department ofComputer Science,Gazi University,Ankara, Turkey M. Krishnaveni Department of Computer Science,Avinashilingam Institute for HomeScience and HigherEducation for Women, Coimbatore,India AhmadKtaish DAVID Lab, University of VersaillesSaint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris-Saclay University, Versailles, France BradleyMcLaughlin University ofSouthampton, Southampton, United Kingdom Souheir MehannaDAVID Lab, University ofVersaillesSaint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris-Saclay University, Versailles, France Arghadip Mondal Environmental ChemistryLaboratory, Department of EnvironmentalScience,The University ofBurdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal, India NabaKumar Mondal Environmental ChemistryLaboratory, Department of Environmental Science,The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal,India Suat OzdemirDepartment ofComputer Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey Anirudha Paul Department ofEcological Studies & International Center for Ecological Engineering, University ofKalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India Avedananda Ray Department ofAgricultural and Environmental Sciences, TennesseeState University,Nashville,TN, United States Cyril Ray The Naval School, IRENAV,Brest,France MouniRoyDepartmentofChemistry,NationalInstituteofTechnologyDurgapur(NITD), Durgapur,West Bengal; Department of Chemistry, BanasthaliUniversity,Banasthali, Rajasthan, India Ritabrata RoyHydro-Informatics Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala, Tripura, India Rajnarayan Saha DepartmentofChemistry,National Instituteof Technology Durgapur (NITD), Durgapur, West Bengal,India Palas Samanta Department ofEnvironmentalScience,SukantaMahavidyalaya, Dhupguri, West Bengal,India N. Santhi Department ofBioinformatics,Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and HigherEducation for Women, Coimbatore,India TarunSasmal Department of Geography, Panskura Banamali College,Purba Medinipur, West Bengal,India Kamalesh Sen Environmental ChemistryLaboratory, Department of EnvironmentalScience,The University ofBurdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal, India Contributors xv Tarakeshwar Senapati Department ofEnvironmentalScience,Directorate of Distance Education,VidyasagarUniversity,Midnapore,West Bengal,India RameshSivanpillai Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie,WY, United States StephenSnow University ofQueensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia P.Subashini DepartmentofComputer Science,Avinashilingam Institute for Home Scienceand Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore,India Yehia TaherDAVIDLab,University ofVersailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris-SaclayUniversity,Versailles, France LaurentYehDAVIDLab,University ofVersailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris-SaclayUniversity,Versailles, France Karine ZeitouniDAVIDLab, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris-SaclayUniversity,Versailles, France Preface Efficientmonitoringofenvironmentaldataforthepurposeofpollutionmanagementhasbeen attheforefrontofaffairsgiventhevastamountofpollutantsinjectedintotheenvironmentdue toindustrialaffluent.Thestate-of-the-artmethodsrelyontime-intensiveandcostlybatchpro- cedures.Asaresult,environmentalscientistsandresearchersareengagedindevisingnewer, cost-effective methods. The latest additions in this direction are inspired by computational intelligencethatreliesonintelligenttoolslikeneuralnetworksandevolutionaryintelligence. Thisbookfocusesonevolvingnovelintelligentalgorithmsandtheirapplicationsinthearea ofenvironmentaldata-centricsystemsguidedbybatchprocess-orienteddata.Itmaybenoted that there are many potential applications and prototypes in this field, yet very few real-life applicationsareknownsofar.Thisismainlyduetothefactthatmostpollutionmanagement proceduresstillrelyonthetime-consumingbatchprocessesandfieldstudy.Thus,thisbook willusherinaneweraasfarasenvironmentalpollutionmanagementisconcerned.Thisbook reviews the fundamental concepts of gathering, processing, and analyzing data from batch processes, supplemented by a review of intelligent tools and techniques that can be used in this direction. This book also covers novel intelligent algorithms for the purpose of effective environmentalpollutiondatamanagementatparwiththestandardslaiddownbytheWorld HealthOrganization. Thebookisorganizedinto13well-versedchaptersondifferentaspectsofenvironmental datamonitoring,bothtraditionalandintelligent. Thebatchadsorptionprocessremainsoneofthemostpracticalapproachesusedtoadsorb pollutantsfromaliquidsolutionforthepurificationofwater.Chapter1presentsaliterature surveyofdifferentadsorptiontypeswiththeircharacteristics,includinganoverviewofdiffer- entfactorsinfluencingthebatchprocess.Thischapteralsohelpstounderstandtheremoval mechanismofthebatchprocessthroughbulksolutiontransport,filmdiffusiontransport,pore transport,andadsorptiononavailableadsorptionsites. The term “heavy metal” is commonly envisaged to be those whose density surpasses 5g/cm3. An enormous number of elements belong to this group, but Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, As, Pb, Hg, and Zn are those of relevance in the environmental context. Heavy metals cause serious healthissuessuchasorganinjury,nervous systemimpairment,reduced growthanddevelop- ment,cancer,andinextremecases,death.Therefore,itisessentialtotreatmetal-contaminated wastewaterpriortoitsdischargeintotheenvironment.Amongthevarioustypesoftreatment processes in vogue, adsorption is acknowledged a financially cheap practice for heavy metal expulsionfromwastewaterasitiseconomical,simpletodealwith,andexceedinglyproductive. Chapter 2 explains the adsorption technique by using biochar, which is a carbon-rich item obtainedwhenbiomass,forexample,wood,fertilizer,orleaves,isheatedinashutvesselwith next to zero accessible oxygen. In a more methodical term, biochar is obtained by thermal xvii xviii Preface disintegration of organic material under partial or no source of oxygen (O ) and at compara- 2 tively low temperatures (<750°C). The use ofbiochar in industrial wastewatercan potentially diminishtheheavymetal’smobilityduetotheporousassemblage,largesurfacearea,andhigh adsorptioncapacityofbiochar. Nanoscienceisaninterdisciplinarysubjectthathasbeenoneofthemostdynamicdisci- plinesinmaterialscience.Keyfeaturesofnanoparticlesareclustersofatomsinthesizerange of 1–100nm. Metal nanoparticles can be synthesized by physical, chemical, and biological routes. But the green or biological route for nanoparticle synthesis from biological origin is ofmoreinterestthantheothertwowaysbecauseofitsenvironmentalfriendliness,econom- icallycheap,feasibility,andapplicationsinvariousfields.Severalanalyticaltoolsareusedfor structuredeterminationandcharacterizationofsynthesizednanoparticles.Chapter3focuses onthepowerofbiomoleculesforthesynthesisofsilver,gold,zinc,andcoppernanoparticles andtheirapplicationstowardtheeffectonmosquitolarvicidalmortality. Thegenerationofheavymetal(loids)andtheirderivativecompounds(suchasoxides,car- bides,sulfides,etc.)inincreasingratesbyvariousanthropogenicactivitiesisofmajorglobal concern. To control these problems, the removal of metal(loids) from effluents is essential. Although several physicochemical methods (adsorption, electrodialysis, floatation, ion exchange)areavailable,theeffectivenessofthesemethodsarepoorandofhighcost.Therefore, eco-friendly and green technology is required in this regard. Among various green synthesis techniques, biosorption drew great attention for scientific research as a novel method for industrial wastewater treatment to reduce or neutralize metal content. Chapter 4 reviews the state-of-art works carried out in this regard by different scientists. Different parameters ofbiosorbentmaterialsalongwithoptimumtreatmentconditionshavealsobeenconsidered in this chapter. This can be helpful for future studies in exploring novel biosorbents to treat industrialwastewaterusingbiosorptiontechnology. Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] pollution, mainly due to industrial drainage andunnecessarilyusedforweedcontrolofagriculturalandresidentialpurposes,createseco- systemandenvironmentaltoxins.Thereareveryimportantresearchfieldsneededfordecon- taminationinasustainableway.InChapter5,areviewontheadsorptionprocessofglyphosate fromaqueoussolutionisreportedwithinfluencingmechanismslikekinetics,isotherms,and thermodynamics.Reportedresultsaredepictedbyconsequencefactors,namelypH,contact time,initialtakenconcentration,doses,etc. Today,dyes,highlycoloredorganiccompounds,findwidespreadapplicationsinindustries liketextile,foodtechnology,leathertanning,paper,etc.,forcoloringproducts,light-harvesting solar-cells,photoelectrochemicalcells,etc.However,thelargeusageofthesedyesleadstotheir releaseaseffluents,whicheventuallycontaminatedrinkingwatersources,hamperingtheeco- logical system. The contaminated wastewater effluent exhibits detrimental effects related to people and environmental concerns. Thus, a requirement for a suitable, cost-effective treat- mentmethodforcontaminatedwastewaterseemstobeindispensable.Chapter6aimstocom- pose various information about dyes, dye effluents, and existing treatment technologies for wastewater. Waterisanessentialnaturalresourceforthesurvivaloflivingbeingsintheworld.Fresh- waterbodiessignificantlysupportecologicalandeconomicactivitiesineachstateorcountry, especiallyIndia,whichhasalargenumberofrivers,lakes,ponds,andwetlands.Notably,lake