Intelligent Building Control Systems: A Survey of Modern Building Control and Sensing Strategies

321 Pages·2018·11.86 MB·English

by  John T. Wen

Advances in Industrial Control
John T. Wen
Editors
Sandipan Mishra
Intelligent
Building
Control
Systems
A Survey of Modern Building Control
and Sensing Strategies
Advances in Industrial Control
Series editors
Michael J. Grimble, Glasgow, UK
Michael A. Johnson, Kidlington, UK
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/1412
John T. Wen Sandipan Mishra
(cid:129)
Editors
Intelligent Building Control
Systems
A Survey of Modern Building Control
and Sensing Strategies
123
Editors
JohnT. Wen SandipanMishra
Department ofElectrical, Computer, Department ofMechanical, Aerospace,
andSystemsEngineering andNuclearEngineering
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Troy,NY Troy,NY
USA USA
ISSN 1430-9491 ISSN 2193-1577 (electronic)
Advances in IndustrialControl
ISBN978-3-319-68461-1 ISBN978-3-319-68462-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68462-8
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017954468
©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2018
ExceptChapter2:©TheAuthors2018
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To our students and families
’
Series Editors Foreword
TheseriesAdvancesinIndustrialControlaimstoreportandencouragetechnology
transferincontrolengineering.Therapiddevelopmentofcontroltechnologyhasan
impactonallareasofthecontroldiscipline.Newtheory,newcontrollers,actuators,
sensors, new industrial processes, computer methods, new applications, new
philosophies, new challenges, etc. Much of this development work resides in
industrialreports,feasibilitystudypapers,andthereportsofadvancedcollaborative
projects. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended
expositionofsuchnewworkinallaspectsofindustrialcontrolforwiderandrapid
dissemination.
A module on “Building Services” was often an item in the curriculum of the
Electrical Engineering undergraduate degree. It would deal with topics such as the
power supply to commercial and residential buildings and the regulations in force
for the electrical installations for these building types.
However,timeschangeandnewtechnologiesareshapingthefutureofbuilding
constructionandservices.Furthermore,controlsystemstheory,design,simulation,
and implementation are all playing a role in developing this future.
Take building construction, for example. In regions of the world where earth-
quakesareafrequentoccurrence,buildingcontractionengineershaveworkedwith
control engineering specialists to investigate how to make buildings earthquake
proof. This involves considering the “building” as a dynamic system and devising
passiveandactivecontrolmechanismsandschemestoabsorbtheshocksdelivered
by an earthquake. This merger of building science and control engineering is
ongoing in countries like Japan and Chile.
As another example, take the electric power supply to a building. The drive
toward the increased use of renewable sources of energy to mitigate the effects of
climate changeinsomesmallwayhashadanimpacttoo.Rooftopsolarpanelsare
widespread on commercial, public, and domestic residential buildings. Individual
vii
viii SeriesEditors’Foreword
rooftop wind turbine installations are less well used but still a viable option for
localizedpowergeneration.Theelectricalengineeringaspectofthesedevelopments
is how to integrate these intermittent energy supplies with the conventional grid
supplyofelectricpowertopremises.Mostrecentlytherehasbeenconsiderationof
using battery storage to try and make premises complete independent of external
power supplies, depending rather on self-generated supplies from the localized
renewable energy sources. Control systems engineering has a significant role to
play here in devising such a completely independent power supply system.
Development in the control of the interior environment of a building has come
about in a piecemeal way with different environmental aspects being dealt with
separately. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) control is a
well-known and major component of interior environment control; indeed it forms
the key middle part of this edited volume Intelligent Building Control Systems
drawntogetherbyEditorsJohnT.WenandSandipanMishra.Theireditedvolume
openswiththefundamentalideaofasupervisorycontrolstructureforthecontrolof
a building’s interior environment. The middle part of the volume concentrates on
HVAC systems looking at topics such as interior multi-zone modeling, and the
hardware technology of HVAC systems. Model predictive control makes a pre-
dictableappearancehere.ItisinPartIIIthatthe“intelligent”or“smart”integrated
control system concept comes into its own. Smart lighting control and energy
managementsystemsaregiveninonechaptereach.Thusthevolumecloseswitha
forward look at new emerging integrated intelligent building control systems.
The Editors John T. Wen and Sandipan Mishra are both at the Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA and have research and applications interests
in a wide range of control fields including smart building control. The list of
contributors is suitably international and shows there is global interest in devel-
oping intelligent building systems. It is a subject that is capable of exciting new
developments for energy management systems particularly as localized renewable
energy systemsbecomestandardfor commercial,public,and residential buildings;
and control engineers, researchers, and companies will have a significant role to
playindevelopingthisfuture.ThisisaverywelcomecontributiontotheAdvances
inIndustrialControlmonographseriesandtothewidercontrolcommunityandits
literature.
Other volumes in the Advances in Industrial Control series that deal with
applications of control in buildings and the interior environment include the
following:
(cid:129) Control of Traffic Systems in Buildings by Sandor A. Markon, Hajime Kita,
Hiroshi Kise and Thomas Bartz-Beielstein (ISBN 978-1-84628-448-9, 2006);
and
SeriesEditors’Foreword ix
(cid:129) Modeling and Control of Greenhouse Crop Growth by Francisco Rodríguez,
Manuel Berenguel, José Luis Guzmán and Armando Ramírez-Arias (ISBN
978-1-84996-280-3, 2015).
M.J. Grimble
M.A. Johnson
Industrial Control Centre
Glasgow, Scotland, UK
Preface
This book evolved over several years based on discussions and exchanges at
various conferences. The motivation is compelling—commercial and residential
building energy consumption constitutes a staggering percentage of the overall
energyconsumptionintheUnitedStatesandothercountries.Withtheproliferation
of sensors and embedded controllers, building control systems are becoming more
“intelligent”,offeringaripeopportunityforthecontrolcommunitytocontributeto
creating solutions for energy efficiency, occupant comfort, and building manage-
ment. Building control systems also pose challenges as complex interconnected
subsystems, with interactions between human occupants and automation subsys-
tems, and time-varying operating conditions depending on usage and weather
conditions. Attempts to solve these issues in building control have resulted in a
thriving research community. In automation and control conferences, special ses-
sions on intelligent building, smart building, building control, etc., are regular
fixtures in the conference programs. We feel the time is right for a collection of
papersfromleadingacademicandindustrialresearchers,inU.S.,Europe,andAsia,
to capture the current state of building control research and development, ranging
from the overall building management, software architecture, to HVAC, lighting
andhumancomfort,andotherbuilding-relatedissuesincludingintegrationwiththe
smart grid and the so-called Internet-of-Things. This book presents multiple facets
of intelligent building control. Chapters 2–3 present the overall building control
system architecture. Chapters 3–7 focus specifically on the HVAC system from
vapor compression cycle to temperature control. In Chap. 8, the role of human
mediation in buildings is illustrated. Chapters 9–11 go beyond building HVAC to
examine other aspects of intelligent building control, including lighting, power
distribution,andnetwork connectedness.Wehopethatthisbookwillbenefitthose
interested in gaining a broader perspective and contemporary approaches on
intelligent building control systems.
Troy, NY, USA John T. Wen
March 2017 Sandipan Mishra
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