Table Of Content

Contents Cover Copyright Preface to the Third Edition Abbreviations 1 What Is Intelligence? Towards a Definition of Intelligence The Evolution of Intelligence Organizing Our Thinking about Intelligence: Beyond the Intelligence Cycle The Nature of Intelligence Studies Conclusion Notes 2 How Do We Understand Intelligence? Introduction Critical Realism The Critique of Positivism and Challenge of Postmodernism Intelligence as Surveillance: Knowledge and Power Explaining Intelligence Levels of Surveillance Conclusion: A Map for Theorizing and Researching Intelligence Notes 3 Who Does Intelligence? Introduction: Security Intelligence Networks State Sector Corporate Sector Non-State Sovereignty Sector Intelligence Networks Making Security Intelligence Networks Work Conclusion Notes 4 How Do They Gather Information? Introduction OSINT: Open Source Intelligence IMINT: Imagery Intelligence HUMINT: Human Intelligence SIGINT: Signals Intelligence Conclusion Notes 5 How Is Information Turned into Intelligence? Introduction Analysis Dissemination: Security versus Sharing Conclusion Notes 6 What Do They Do with Intelligence? Introduction When Intelligence Becomes Action: The Intensification of Surveillance Intelligence and Military Action Policing and Covert Action Intelligence Action in the Cyber Realm Assassination Use of Armed Drones Conclusion Notes 7 Why Does Intelligence Fail? Introduction The Limits of Intelligence Approaches to Identifying the Causes of Intelligence Failure The Policymaker–Intelligence Interface as a Site of Intelligence Failure Politicization of Intelligence The 9/11 Commission Report: Explaining Intelligence Failure? The Iraq WMD Failure Terrorist Attacks and Intelligence Failure Conclusion Notes 8 How Democratic Can Intelligence Be? Introduction Defining Control and Oversight The Legal and Ethical Bases for Democratic Control and Oversight Organizing Oversight, Internally and Externally Extra-parliamentary Oversight Ad Hoc Inquiries Media and Civil Society The Challenge of Controlling and Overseeing Intelligence Networks Conclusion Notes 9 Intelligence for a More Secure World? Notes Selected Further Reading Journals Books Index End User License Agreement Figures 1.1 The intelligence cycle 1.2 Five eyes slide: new collection posture 1.3 The intelligence web 4.1 Sources of information (the ‘ints’) 4.2 PRISM collection details 4.3 NSA computer network exploitation 5.1 Estimating probability and levels of confidence 6.1 The intensification of surveillance 7.1 Betts’s sources of intelligence failure Tables 2.1 Explaining intelligence 2.2 A map for theorizing and researching intelligence Boxes 4.1 Illegals 4.2 Radio radicalization 4.3 Types of CNE/EI that might be used by GCHQ 4.4 From identification to action: the three stages of security and intelligence work 5.1 The problem of warning 6.1 Intelligence community assessment: assessing Russian activities and intentions in recent US elections 7.1 6 August 2001 PDB: ‘Bin Laden determined to strike US’ Peter Gill: for Pen Mark Phythian: for Di Intelligence in an Insecure World Third Edition PETER GILL AND MARK PHYTHIAN polity Copyright © Peter Gill, Mark Phythian 2018 The right of Peter Gill, Mark Phythian to be identified as Authors of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First edition published in 2006 by Polity Press This third edition published in 2018 by Polity Press Polity Press 65 Bridge Street Cambridge CB2 1UR, UK Polity Press 101 Station Landing Suite 300 Medford, MA 02155, USA All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISBN-13: 978-1-5095-2523-2 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Gill, Peter, 1947- author. | Phythian, Mark, author. Title: Intelligence in an insecure world / Peter Gill, Mark Phythian.Description: Third edition. | Cambridge ; Medford, MA : Polity Press, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017058569 (print) | LCCN 2018000697 (ebook) | ISBN 9781509525232 (Epub) | ISBN 9781509525195 (hardback) | ISBN 9781509525201 (pbk.)Subjects: LCSH: Intelligence service. | Espionage. Classification: LCC JF1525.I6 (ebook) | LCC JF1525.I6 G55 2018 (print) | DDC 327.12--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017058569 The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that the URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. However, the publisher has no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the content is or will remain appropriate. Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publisher will be pleased to include any necessary credits in any subsequent reprint or edition. For further information on Polity, visit our website: politybooks.com