Integration of Fundamental Polymer Science and Technology—4

409 Pages·1990·9.444 MB·English

by  Walter H. Stockmayer (auth.), P. J. Lemstra, L. A. Kleintjens (eds.)

INTEGRATION OF FUNDAMENTAL POLYMER
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-4
The proceedings of the international meeting on polymer science and
technology, Rolduc Polymer Meeting-4 held at Rolduc Abbey, Limburg,
The Netherlands, 23-27 April 1989
INTEGRATION OF
FUNDAMENTAL
POLYMER SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY-4
Edited by
P. l. LEMSTRA
Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
and
L. A. KLEINTl ENS
DSM-Research, Geleen, The Netherlands
ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE
LONDON and NEW YORK
ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD
Crown House, Linton Road, Barking, Essex IGll 8JU, England
Sole Distributor in the USA and Canada
ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHING CO., INC.
655 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10010, USA
WITH 49 TABLES AND 187 ILLUSTRATIONS
© 1990 ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Rolduc Polymer Meeting (4th, 1989)
Integration of fundamental polymer science
and technology-4
1. Polymer science
I. Title II. Lemstra, P. 1. II. Kleintjens, L. A.
547.7
ISBN-13: 978-94-010-6831-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-0767-6
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-0767-6
Library of Congress CIP data applied for
No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or
property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or
operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein.
Special regulations for readers in the USA
This publication has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center Inc. (Ccq, Salem,
Massachusetts. Information can be obtained from the CCC about conditions under which
photocopies of parts of this publication may be made in the USA. All other copyright
questions, including photocopying outside the USA, should be referred to the publisher.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording,
or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
v
PREFACE
The aim of the Rolduc Polymer Meetings is to stimulate interdisciplinary
discussions between academic and industrial polymer scientists and
engineers. Experts are invited to review selected topics and to initiate
discussions relating to future trends and developments.
The general theme of these meetings is 'Integration of Fundamental
Polymer Science and Technology'. In order to serve this goal, all
participants are accommodated in Rolduc Abbey, a well-preserved
medieval monument in Limburg (The Netherlands) to provide an optimum
atmosphere for the exchange of ideas.
About 350 participants took part in the 4th Rolduc Polymer Meeting,
which was held from 23 to 27 April 1989. This volume contains invited
and selected contributed papers on topics such as solution properties,
chemistry, emulsion polymerization, liquid crystalline polymers, structure/
morphology and blends/composites.
We are fully aware of the fact that the reader will not find an integrated
presentation of lectures in this volume. Unfortunately, it is impossible to
put down in writing the atmosphere of this and previous meetings.
However, we hope that the reader will be stimulated to present his own
views in forthcoming meetings after reading these proceedings.
We wish to thank all contributors to this volume.
P.l.L.
L.A.K.
Vll
CONTENTS
Preface v
Part 1: Solution Properties
Bridging Treatment of Polymer Solutions in Good Solvents 3
W. H. Stockmayer
Chain Structure and Solvent Quality: Key Factors in the Thermo-
reversible Gelation of Solutions of Vinyl Polymers 11
H. Berghmans, Ph. Van Den Broecke and S. Thijs
Flow Induced Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in High Molecular
Weight Polymer Solutions 20
P. J. Barham
Light Scattering Measurements in the System Polystyrene-
Cyclohexane Near the Miscibility Gap 25
Th. Philipps and W. Borchard
Part 2: Chemistry
Network Formation in Free Radical Polymerization 33
H. Tobita and A. E. Hamielec
Problems of Micro mixing Effects and Reactor Performance in Free
Radical Polymerization of Binary and Ternary Systems 43
G. Schmidt-Naake, H. Schmidt and W. Pippel
Vlll
Polymer Design in the Anionic Polymerisation of Butadiene and
Styrene 54
T. Graafiand and H. van Ballegooijen
Free Radical Techniques of Deriving 0:, w End Functional Polymers
and Block Copolymers via Thermal Iniferters 60
C. P. Reghunadhan Nair and G. Clouet
Branching Kinetics of Epoxy Polymerization of 1,4-Butanediol
Diglycidyl Ether with cis-l ,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic Anhydride 65
B. Chu and C. Wu
Segmented Block Copolymers Based on Polyamide-4,6 and
Poly(Propylene Oxide) . 70
P. F. van Hutten, E. Walch, A. H. M. Veeken and R. J. Gaymans
Study of the Polyurethane Reactions by Differential Scanning
Calorimetry . 75
T. Malavasic, I. Aniur and U. Osredkar
Crosslinked Polypropylene and Related Materials 80
I. Chodak
The Elucidation of the Crosslinking and Scission Processes
Relations During Photochemical Modification of Polyolefines 90
P. Zamotaev
Part 3: Emulsion Polymerization
Introduction to Emulsion Polymerization 97
M. S. El-Aasser
Radical Capture Efficiencies in Emulsion Polymerization Kinetics 116
I. A. Maxwell, B. R. Morrison, R. G. Gilbert and D. H. Napper
The Effect of Emulsifier-Polymer Complex Formation on Particle
Nucleation in Emulsion Polymerization 126
W. A. B. Donners and B. Midgley
Emulsion Polymerization of Butadiene 131
P. Weerts, J. van der Loos and A. German
IX
Polymerization at the Surface of Submicron Ti0 Particles in
2
Emulsion-like Systems . 141
C. H. M. Caris, A. M. van Herk and A. L. German
Rubber-Toughening ofPoly(Methyl Methacrylate) by Inclusion of
Multiple-Phase Particles Prepared by Emulsion Polymerisation. 154
P. A. Lovell, J. McDonald, D. E: J. Saunders and R. J. Young
Surfactant and Protein Adsorption at Surface Modified Polystyrene
Latices . 159
W. M. Brouwer
Characterization ofIonic Oligomers Formed During the Emulsion
Polymerization of Butadiene by Means of Isotachophoresis 164
J. L. Ammerdorffer, C. G. Pijls, A. A. Lemmen~ and A. L. German
Flow Behaviour and Visco-elastic Properties of Emulsions, Stains
and Paints 172
C. A. J. J. van Rossum and W. van Gerresheim
Continuous Emulsion Polymerisation in a Pulsed Packed Column 182
G. F. M. Hoedemakers and D. Thoenes
Part 4: Liquid Crystalline Polymers
Biphasic Behavior of Melts of Liquid Crystalline Co polyesters
Containing Both Mesogenic and Non-Mesogenic Units 197
S. Bhatacharya and R. W. Lenz
Polymerized Discotic Liquid Crystals 215
J. F. van der Pol, E. Neeleman, R. J. M. Nolte, J. W. Zwikker and
W. Drenth
Synthesis and Thermal Properties of Polyurethanes with Mesogenic
Units and Silicon Containing Flexible Spacers in the Main Chain 220
L. Willner, F. Braun, M. Hess and R. Kosfeld
Mixtures of Thermotropic Nematic Liquid Crystals: Coexistence
Curves and Cloud Point Curves 225
M. Ballauff
x
Theoretical and Experimental Aspects of the Reinforcement of
Thermoplastics by Liquid Crystalline Polymers . 232
S. Classen, U. Gallenkamp, M. Wolf and J. H. Wendorff
Molecular Order, Morphology and Phase Separation in Blends of
Isotropic and Liquid-Crystalline Polymers . 242
H. G. Zachmann, D. Chen, J. Nowacki, E. Olbrich and C. Schulze
X-Ray Diffraction Study of Networks Formed by Liquid Crys-
talline Diacrylates 261
R. A. M. Hikmet and D. J. Broer
Time Scales of Structural Changes During Flow in Liquid
Crystalline Polymers 267
J. Mewis and P. Moldenaers
Part 5: Structure/Morphology
Biaxial-Drawing of Dried Gel Films of Ultra-High-Molecular-
Weight Polyethylene 277
Y. Sakai, K. Umetsu, P. D. Hong and K. Miyasaka
Largely Unrecognized Features of Polymer Crystallization under
Conditions of Heat Transfer and Flow 282
H. Janeschitz-Kriegl
An Electron Microscopic Study on the Formation of Polyethylene
Fibrils . 287
M. Kunz, R. E. De Micheli and M. Moller
Structure of Drawn Fibres as Revealed by Neutron Scattering
Studies 304
D. M. Sadler and P. J. Barham
Formation and Application of Highly Oriented Semicrystalline
~~~ ~
M. Raab, V. Hnat, M. Krejci and E. Schulz
Xl
Part 6: Blends/Composites
Structuring Copolymeric Blends via Composition Variation and
Temperature Jump Experiments . 321
S. Klotz, C. Wendland, V. Krieger and H.-J. Cantow
Polymer Blends from EPDM, PP and Inorganic Filler 326
R. Kosfeld, K. Schaefer, E. A. Hemmer and M. Hess
Investigation of the Transcrystallised Interphase III Fibre-
Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites 335
J. L. Thomason and A. A. van Rooyen
The Molecular Mechanism of Adhesion Improvement of 3-
Aminopropyltriethoxysilane in Glass Reinforced Nylon Model
Composites . 343
L. W. Jenneskens, H. Angad Gaur, A. Venema, H. E. C. Schuurs,
W. G. B. Huysmans, T. P. Huijgen, T. L. Weeding and W. S.
Veeman
Part 7: Miscellaneous
Extensional Flow Predictions of Some Differential Models 351
P. Moldenaers and J. Mewis
Plateau Modulus and Entanglements in Styrenics Copolymers 356
P. Lomellini and A. G. Rossi
Processing of Thermotropic Co polyesters 361
J. A. Kingma and H. Geijselaers
Cure Monitoring by Simultaneous Dielectric and Dynamic
Mechanical Measurements . 366
R. E. Wetton, G. M. Foster and M. de Blok
Moisture Sorption Mechanism of Kevlar Fibers 371
H. Kawai, M. Fukuda, M. Miyagawa and M. Ochi
Mobile Charge Carriers in Pulse Irradiated Polyethylene 376
M. P. de Haas and A. Hummel