Integrating Emergency Management and Disaster Behavioral Health. One Picture Through Two Lenses PDF
Preview Integrating Emergency Management and Disaster Behavioral Health. One Picture Through Two Lenses
Integrating Emergency Management and Disaster Behavioral Health Integrating Emergency Management and Disaster Behavioral Health One Picture through Two Lenses Edited by Brian W. Flynn Ronald Sherman Butterworth-HeinemannisanimprintofElsevier TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates Copyrightr2017ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. Allopinions,interpretations,conclusions,andrecommendationscontainedhereinarethoseoftheauthorsand shouldnotbeconstruedasrepresentingthepositionsorpoliciesofanauthor’sinstitutionincluding,butnot limitedto,theUniformedServicesUniversityoftheHealthSciences,theVeteransAffairsAdministration, theFederalEmergencyManagementAgency,andtheUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefense. 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Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgeinevaluatingand usinganyinformation,methods,compounds,orexperimentsdescribedherein.Inusingsuchinformationor methodstheyshouldbemindfuloftheirownsafetyandthesafetyofothers,includingpartiesforwhomthey haveaprofessionalresponsibility. Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,oreditors,assumeany liabilityforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofproductsliability,negligenceor otherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods,products,instructions,orideascontainedinthe materialherein. BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress ISBN:978-0-12-803638-9 ForInformationonallButterworth-Heinemannpublications visitourwebsiteathttps://www.elsevier.com Publisher:CandiceJanco AcquisitionEditor:SaraScott EditorialProjectManager:HilaryCarr ProductionProjectManager:PunithavathyGovindaradjane CoverDesigner:MatthewLimbert CoverImageCredits:MichaelRieger/FEMA;SteveZumwalt/FEMA;AndreaBooher/FEMANewsPhoto TypesetbyMPSLimited,Chennai,India This book is dedicated to those who have experienced unthinkable loss in disasters. And to those who help them recover from the unthinkable. List of Contributors AlbertAshwood,B.A. OklahomaDepartmentofEmergencyManagement,OklahomaCity,OK, UnitedStates JohnJ.Brown,Jr.,M.S.,B.S. OfficeofEmergencyManagement,Virginia,VA,UnitedStates ValerieL.Cole,Ph.D. AmericanRedCross,Washington,DC,UnitedStates DanielDodgen,Ph.D. USDeptofHealth&HumanServices,Washington,DC,UnitedStates NancyDragani,B.A.,M.A. FederalEmergencyManagementAgency,Denver,CO,UnitedStates SusanFlanigan,CBCP MissouriDepartmentofMentalHealth,JeffersonCity,MO,UnitedStates BrianW.Flynn,Ed.D. UniformedServicesUniversityoftheHealthSciences,Bethesda,MD,UnitedStates ChanceA.Freeman,B.S. TexasDepartmentofStateHealthServices,Austin,TX,UnitedStates MarianneC.Jackson,B.A.,M.A. FederalEmergencyManagementAgency(Retired),NewYork,NY,UnitedStates; NYCEmergencyManagement,NewYorkCity,NY,UnitedStates GerardA.Jacobs,Ph.D. UniversityofSouthDakota,Vermillion,SD,UnitedStates BerlD.Jones,Jr.,M.P.H.,CEM FederalEmergencyManagementAgency,Washington,DC,UnitedStates RachelE.Kaul,LCSW,CTS U.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices,Washington,DC,UnitedStates DanielW.McGowan,B.A.,M.A. McGowanEnterprises,Inc.,Helena,MT,UnitedStates StevenMoskowitz,M.S.W. NewYorkStateOfficeofMentalHealth,Albany,NY,UnitedStates AprilJ.Naturale,Ph.D.,M.S.W ICFInternational,Fairfax,VA,UnitedStates xvii xviii ListofContributors DianaNordboe,M.Ed. EmergencyManager,IndependentConsultant,CarterLake,IA,UnitedStates JohnP.Philbin,Ph.D. Crisis1,LLC,Reston,VA,UnitedStates LesliA.Rucker CenibarkInternational,Inc.,Richland,WA,UnitedStates RonaldSherman,B.A.,M.A. IndependentConsultant,FEMAFederalCoordinatingOfficer(Retired),UnitedStates JamesM.Shultz,M.S.,Ph.D. UniversityofMiamiMillerSchoolofMedicine,Miami,FL,UnitedStates JamesSiemianowski,M.S.W. CTDeptMentalHealthandAddictionSvcs.,Hartford,CT,UnitedStates AnthonyH.Speier,Ph.D. LouisianaStateUniversityHealthSciencesCenter,NewOrleans,LA,UnitedStates LaurenceW.Zensinger,B.A.,M.S. Director of the Recovery Division for the Federal Emergency Management Agency (Retired),UnitedStates Acknowledgments We are both humbled and gratified by the many people who have given so generously or their time, effort, and expertise to make this book possible. It is only through your good work that these important topics can be shared so widely andcomprehensively. We would like to first thank the many contributors to the book. You were carefully selected for this unique project by virtue of your real-life experiences and your demonstrated ability to conceptualize what you do and to effectively communicate your knowledge and wisdom. Each of you have walked the walk as well as talked the talk. This is a powerful combination that is seldom found. We would like to thank our guardian angels at Elsevier who have sup- ported and guided us through this project from start to finish. Sara Scott was the first to approach us with the idea for such a book. Somehow she knew that neither of us could resist such an opportunity. She cast the line and set the hook. Hilary Carr worked with us throughout the project and was ready at a moment’s notice to guide us, support us, and help us stay organized. She was both ourcoach andcheerleader. Michelle Herman served as research and editorial assistant on the book. Her contributions contributed immeasurably to making the content clear and accurate. We both would like to thank our wives, Donna Flynn and Carol Sherman, for their support, encouragement, and tolerance throughout more than the past year as we poured ourselves into this effort. We realize it dis- tracted both of us from our time with, and attention to, you. We also realize that both of you had every reason to expect that once we gave up direct disaster response leadership roles, we would be more physically and psycho- logically available. Neither of us can say no to an opportunity to support the work of those who help survivors who have suffered so much. We cannot tell youenough how much yourlove and supportcontinuesto mean tous. xix Introduction Preparing for and responding to disasters and large-scale emergencies make for strange bedfellows. These tragic events require that individuals, groups, and governments work in harmony if victims and survivors are to be opti- mally served. As disaster response has become more standardized and for- malized over the past several decades, the complexities, challenges, and promises of integrating critical partners has become clearer. One of the most challenging and promising integrative opportunities is between emergency management (EM) professionals and behavioral health (DBH) professions involved in disaster preparation and response. As the chapters of this book willreveal,thereareimmeasurableadvantagestobegainedfromtheintegra- tion of these two professional domains. At the same time, this is not an easy match. These are two rapidly evolving areas of theoretical, legislative, and practical formalization grounded in conceptual structure, research, and real- life experience. Both the structure and content of this book are designed to guide the reader through key areas of important integration, articulate the challenges and opportunities involved, and provide practical guidance for implementa- tion and application. The structure is designed to model an integrated approach to the topics presented. Chapters will provide perspectives on the topic from both professions as well as case examples or suggestions for accomplishing integration. The editing of this volume is also intended to model integration. Each of us comes from a different profession and has designed the book based on not only our own experiences. We have fully incorporated the suggestions from both EM and disaster behavioral health communities to identify the most relevanttopical areas and contributing authors. Fundamental to the foundation in designing and editing this book, both us have walked the walk. Combined, the two of us have more decades of hands-on involvement in disaster preparedness and response that we like to contemplate. Our experience spans significant governmental, legislative and policy developmentandimplementation,consultationtonationalandinterna- tional leaders, knowledge development and dissemination. Perhaps most important, is our real-time experience in disaster preparation and response in some of the most complex and difficult situations the United States has faced,such asin the aftermath of both natural and human-caused disasters. xxi xxii Introduction I, Brian Flynn, have lived primarily in the DBH and science world. During my 31 years in the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS), in addi- tion to other responsibilities, I worked in, managed, and supervised the federal government’s domestic disaster mental health program. In that role, I served on-site with EM professionals at many, if not most, of the nation’s largest disasters. Since I retired from the USPHS in 2002 at the rank of Rear Admiral/Assistant Surgeon General, I have directed nearly all of my professional efforts toward advancing the field of preparing for and responding to large-scale trauma. I have provided training and consultation to both public and private entities throughout the United States and interna- tionally. I currently serve as Adjunct Professor and Associate Director of the Center for the Studies of Traumatic Stress, in the Department of Psychiatry at the Uniformed Service University of the Health Sciences in Bethesda, Maryland. I, Ron Sherman, spent almost 29 years as an EM specialist with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). I worked on over 200 federal disaster operations, including some of this nation’s most devastating events. Many times I was in the role of Federal Coordinating Officer (FCO), the on-site official in charge of all federal response and recovery efforts. After Hurricane Katrina, I served as the FCO in Alabama before becoming the Senior Housing Official responsible for disaster housing operations for the entire Gulf Coast. After retiring in 2007, I continued EM involvement by starting a Citizen Corps Council in my hometown and am now the leader of a Community Emergency Response Team. I provide EM consulting services to communities and emergency response training for volunteer groups. I suc- cessfully integrated the operations of a Community Emergency Response Team with a new Medical Reserve Corps team and made Psychiatric First Aid a requisite part of the training curriculum. We have both “been there and done that.” We have lived first-hand the enormous opportunities that emerge where EM and DBH professions under- stand each other and integrate our experience and expertise. We have also witnessed situations where this was not the case. Failure to understand, respect, and value the perspectives and responsibilities of the other field have compromised preparedness and response. The stakes are high. In the end, our ability to work together and integrate our professions makes a dif- ference inthe lives of countlessdisastervictims and survivors.We owe them no less than ourbest. Contrary to what the prior few paragraphs may have implied, this book is notallaboutus.We andoursupportersatElsevierareprovidingthegateway for the almost incalculable knowledge and experience represented by the contributors to this volume. An introduction to this book would be incom- plete without a discussion of who they are and what they have so generously broughtto thisbook. Introduction xxiii First, all contributors were selected because of not only their status and credibility in their professional domains. A defining criterion for selection was not only a conceptual grounding on specific topics, but their real-life experiences in operationalizing their expertise. Every contributor has been in a position to prepare for and/or respond to real disasters. This is not just the- ory for them. They too have walked the walk. Think about the magnitude of what this means. It means that you, the reader, hold in your hands almost 400personyearsofcollectiveexperience,wisdom,andadvice.Weareproud to have had their willing andeager participation incrafting this uniquebook. Yet, for us, that is only part of the picture. Both of us know these contri- butors well. Certainly as important as the knowledge they bring are the values they represent. The writers of this book have spent much, if not most, of their careers in service to protecting their national and global neighbors, giving their all in helping others rebuild their lives and communities in the darkest hours, and have brought comfort to the vulnerable, frightened, and displaced. They have healed the broken. For their service, many, if not most, along with their families and colleagues, have paid a price. One does not do this type of work, no matter how noble, without testing the limits of health and relationships. Yet, we know they would tell you, the reader, as they tell us—they would not want to do anything else. In these pages, they serve once again by sharing with you the lessons they have learned trusting that you will continue to build on both their work and their values. We all hope that you will use what you take from these pages to“pay itforward.” TOPIC SELECTION Together, pooling our collective decades of experience, we identified topics that we felt were the most central to facilitating meaningful and practical integration of EM and DBH. To assure that the content reflects the needs and priorities of both fields, we distributed a draft of the book’s content and structure to individuals and groups with credibility in both professional domains, asking for their input both on topic and potential contributors. The topics and contributors identified through that process are contained on these pages. STRUCTURE The format of this book is a bit different than one might be used to. From the start, we were determined to avoid a structure that would keep the two pro- fessions talking only to the reader and not to each other. We have attempted to model integration as not only a goal but as the foundation for this book. We also were driven by a commitment to assure that content was not only theoretical,conceptual,orpractical—butrather,allofthese,combined.
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