Integrated Nanophotonic Resonators: Fundamentals, Devices, and Applications

306 Pages·2015·11.732 MB·English

by  Ya Sha Yi

“This unique book introduces readers to the rapid advancement in a variety of active areas in
coupled and integrated nanophotonics. All the chapters represent the latest cutting-edge research
in this emerging field. Readers from both academia and industry who are interested in integrated
nanophotonic resonators and devices will definitely benefit from this timely book.”
Dr. Terry L. Smith
3M Co., USA
I
n
“This is a leading book in the field of nanophotonic resonators and devices and presents the latest
t Integrated Nanophotonic
developments. Integrated nanophotonics will play a pivotal role in future semiconductor chips, e
and this text provides scientists, engineers, and professionals with invaluable resources in this g
cutting-edge field.” r
a
Dr. Xiaoman Duan
t
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA e
d Resonators

N
The rapid advancement of integrated optoelectronics has been driven considerably by a
miniaturization. Following the path taken in electronics of reducing devices to their ultimately n
fundamental forms, for instance single-electron transistors, now optical devices have also o
been scaled down, creating the increasingly active research fields of integrated and coupled p
photonic systems. The interactions between the coupled integrated micro- and nanostructures h Fundamentals, Devices, and Applications
o
can provide us with a fundamental understanding of the engineering of complex systems for
t
a variety of applications. o
n
This book aims to bring to the readers the latest developments in the rapidly emerging i
c
field of integrated nanophotonic resonators and devices. It compiles cutting-edge research
R
from leading experts who form an interdisciplinary team around the world. The book
e
also introduces the fundamental knowledge of coupled integrated photonic/electronic/
s
mechanical micro- and nanoresonators and their interactions, as well as advanced research o
in the field. n
a
t edited by Ya Sha Yi
o
Ya Sha Yi is an associate professor with the Department of Electrical and r
Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Dearborn campus, and the s
Energy Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor campus. He received
his PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and was a
postdoctoral associate with the Electronic Materials Processing Center,
MIT, where he was involved in research on integrated nano-optoelectronic
materials and devices. He has had extensive research experience with the
Los Alamos National Laboratory and the 3M Corporate Research Laboratory.
Dr. Yi is also a research affiliate with the Microsystems Technology/Microphotonics Center at
the MIT. He has authored more than 60 journal papers, has edited 1 book and written 3 book
chapters, and holds 11 US patents and 1 international patent. He has led several government/
Y
industry-funded projects, has been on the review panel for the US Department of Energy and
i
the National Science Foundation, and has been a reviewer for leading journals. His research
interests are solid-state electronics, semiconducting devices, photovoltaics and energy-related
optoelectronic devices, solid-state lighting (LEDs), bioinspired nano-optoelectronic structures,
nanoelectronics/MEMS, and intelligent vehicle and transportation systems. Dr. Yi currently
serves as the vice chair of the IEEE Southeast Michigan Section.
V465
ISBN 978-981-4613-78-1
Integrated Nanophotonic
Resonators
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(cid:49)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:52)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:52)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:66)(cid:67)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:137)(cid:1)(cid:55)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:86)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:19)
Integrated Nanophotonic
Resonators
Fundamentals, Devices, and Applications
editors
PrebenMaegaard
AnnaKrenz
WolfgangPalz
edited by
Ya Sha Yi
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Contents
Preface
xiii
1. Hybrid and Coupled Photonic System between
Nanoparticle and Integrated Microresonator 1
Ya Sha Yi
1.1 Metallic Nanoparticle on Microring Resonator for Bio
Optical Detection and Sensing 6
1.1.1 Introduction 6
1.1.2 On-Chip Microring Resonator Device
Structure and Simulation Method 8
1.1.3 Multiple Au Nanoparticle Effects on
Microring Resonator and Simulation Results 9
1.2 Strong Coupling between On-Chip Notched Ring
Resonator and Nanoparticle 13
1.3 Nanoscale Electromagnetic Field and Mode
Profile Mapping and Measurement 21
1.4 Back Reflection Caused by Optically
Interacting Nanoparticle 23
2. 1C.o5u pSleudm-Mmoadrye Theory and Its Applications on 27
Computational Nanophotonics 31
Ya Sha Yi and Jianwei Mu
2.1 Modal Analysis with Perfectly Matching Layers 32
2.2 Complex Coupled-Mode Theory Based on
Normal Modes 38
2.2.1 Derivation of Complex Coupled-Mode
Equations Based on Normal Modes 38
vi Contents
2.2.2 Solutions of Complex Coupled-Mode
Equations 44
2.2.3 Complex Coupled-Mode Equations
Based on Local Modes 47
2.2.4 Applications of Complex Coupled-Mode
Equations in Gratings 48
2.2.4.1 Applications of complex coupled-mode
equations in Bragg reflectors 48
2.2.4.2 Applications of complex
coupled-mode equations in
transmission gratings 52
2.2.4.3 Applications of complex
coupled-mode equations in
waveguide taper structures 58
3. T2e.3m pSlautme-mGauriyd ed Self-Assembly of Discrete 61
Optoplasmonic Molecules and Extended
Optoplasmonic Arrays 71
Yan Hong, Wonmi Ahn, Svetlana Boriskina, Xin Zhao,
and Björn M. Reinhard
3.1 Introduction 72
3.2 Results and Discussion 76
3.2.1 Discrete Optoplasmonic Atoms
and Molecules 76
3.2.1.1 Fabrication of optoplasmonic
structures comprising OMs
and nanoantennas 77
3.2.1.2 Optical responses of discrete
optoplasmonic structures in
the near-and far field 80
3.2.1.3 Fabrication of optoplasmonic
arrays through template-guided
E
self-assembly 84
3.2.1.4 Morphology-dependent -field
enhancement in optoplasmonic
arrays 86
3.3 Conclusion 88
Contents vii
4. Nanophotonic Resonators for Enhancement of
Absorption and Transmission Cross Sections of
Subwavelength Plasmonic Devices 93
Georgios Veronis, Changjun Min, Yin Huang, and Liu Yang
4.1 Introduction 93
4.2 Nanophotonic Resonators for Enhancement
of Optical Absorption in Subwavelength Slits 94
4.2.1 Absorption Cross Section and
Absorption Enhancement Factor 96
4.2.2 Single-Slit Structure 99
4.2.3 Structure with a Single Microcavity at
the Entrance of the Slit 101
4.2.4 Structure with a Single Microcavity at
the Entrance and Exit of the Slit 103
4.2.5 Structure with Multiple Microcavities
at the Entrance and Exit of the Slit 103
4.3 Nanophotonic Resonators for Enhanced
Coupling to Metal–Dielectric–Metal
Plasmonic Waveguides 106
4.3.1 Transmission Cross Section 107
4.3.2 Single-Slit Coupler 108
4.3.3 Two-Section Slit Coupler 114
4.3.4 Double-Slit Coupler 115
5. 4P.h4o toClounmcilnuesisocnesn t Centers Interacting with 120
Silicon-Based Photonic Devices 127
Xingjun Wang and Zhiping Zhou
5.1 Silicon-Based Light Source Introduction 127
5.2 Er-Doped Silicon-Riched Silicon Oxide and
Nitride Photonic Devices 130
5.3 Er-Silicates Photonic Devices 134
5.3.1 Materials Fabrication and Optical
Properties Optimization 135
5.3.2 Optical Waveguide Amplifier 142
viii Contents
5.3.3 Light Emitter Diode 153
6. 5N.o4n cClaosnscicluals iLoignh t Sources and Frequency 163
Converters with Integrated Opto-Mechanical
Systems 171
Zhang-qi Yin, Yong-Chun Liu, and Yun-Feng Xiao
6.1 Introduction 171
6.1.1 The Basic Model of Opto-Mechanics 172
6.1.2 Effective Hamiltonian and Corresponding
Applications 173
6.2 Nonlinear Quantum Opto-Mechanics and
Nonclassical Light Source 175
6.2.1 Basic Physics of Nonlinear Quantum
Opto-Mechanics 175
6.2.1.1 Weak driving 176
6.2.1.2 Strong driving 179
6.2.2 Opto-Mechanical Squeezed Light Source 183
6.2.3 Outlook 186
6.3 Two-Mode Squeezed State and Frequency
Converter 186
6.3.1 Two-Mode Squeezed Light Source 187
6.3.1.1 Entanglement spectrum of
the entangled light source 188
6.3.2 Frequency Transducer with
Opto-Mechanical System 191
6.3.2.1 Frequency transducer by
adiabatically eliminating
mechanical mode 192
6.3.2.2 Applications as quantum interfaces 194
7. 6Sc.4in tiSlluamtomrsa rByo aonstde Odu btylo Noka nophotonics 129061
Bo Liu
7.1 Introduction to Scintillators 201
7.2 The Challenge for the Development of Scintillator 204
Contents ix
7.2.1 Light Yield 204
7.2.2 Light Extraction 205
7.2.3 Directional Emission 205
7.2.4 Decay Time 206
7.3 Application of Nanophotonics on Scintillator 207
7.3.1 The Concept of Nanophotonics 207
7.3.2 Enhancement of Light Extraction
by Photonic Crystals 207
7.3.2.1 Light extraction enhancement for
scintillator film by biologically
inspired photonic structure 210
7.3.2.2 Light extraction enhancement for
bulk scintillator by photonic crystal 211
7.3.2.3 Broadband light extraction
enhancement of bulk scintillators
by photonic crystals with monolayer
periodic nanospheres 213
7.3.3 Faster Luminescence Decay of Thin-Film
Scintillator by Surface Plasmons 218
8. 7O.p4t icSaul mTrmapapryin g of Nanoparticles 222215
Shiyun Lin and Juejun Hu
8.1 Introduction and Scope 225
8.2 Theory of Optical Force 226
8.2.1 Classical Formulations 226
8.2.1.1 Overview 226
8.2.1.2 Approximation models 227
8.2.1.3 The T-matrix method 231
8.2.2 Optical Trapping Using Micro- and
Nanophotonic Structures 233
8.2.2.1 Trapping and transport on
optical waveguides 233
8.2.2.2 Plasmonic trapping 235
8.2.2.3 Resonant cavity enhancement 237