Integrated Microwave Front-ends with Avionics Applications

381 Pages·05.565 MB·English

by  coll.

Integrated Microwave Front-Ends
with Avionics Applications
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Artech House Microwave Library,
turn to the back of this book.
Integrated Microwave Front-Ends
with Avionics Applications
Leo G. Maloratsky
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the U.S. Library of Congress.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN-13: 978-1-60807-205-7
Cover design by Vicki Kane
© 2012 Artech House
All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part
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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To my wife, Helena

Contents
Preface xi
CHAPTER 1
Introduction 1
References 4
CHAPTER 2
Architecture and Characteristics of Microwave Front-Ends 5
2.1 Basic Front-End Architecture 5
2.2 Main Characteristics of Front-Ends 8
2.3 Performance of Avionics Front-Ends 11
References 16
CHAPTER 3
Planar Transmission Lines 17
3.1 Characteristics of Planar Transmission Lines 17

3.1.1 Stripline 17

3.1.2 Microstrip Line 19
3.1.3 Suspended Stripline 37
3.1.4 Coplanar Waveguide 38
3.1.5 Slotline 39
3.1.6 Comparison of Different Planar Transmission Lines 39
3.2 Coupled Planar Transmission Lines 40
3.2.1 Irregular Coupled Lines 44
3.3 Combinations of Different Transmission Lines 44
3.4 Setting Strategies and Trade-Off Design of Planar Transmission Lines 49
References 54
CHAPTER 4
Distributed and Lumped Elements 59
4.1 Lumped-Element Capactiors 59
4.2 Lumped-Element Inductors 61
vii
viii Contents
4.3 Lumped-Element Resistors 63
4.4 Cascade Arrangement of Elementary Lumped Elements 66
4.5 Distributed Planar Attenuators or Terminators 69
4.6 Discontinuities 70
References 73
CHAPTER 5
Passive Devices 75
5.1 Directional Couplers 75
5.2 Dividers and Combiners 93
5.3 Filters 104
5.3.1 Bandpass Filters 106
5.3.2 Lowpass Filters 113
5.4 Baluns 118
5.5 Circulators and Isolators 122
5.6 Trade-Off Design of Passive RF/Microwave Components 129
References 129
CHAPTER 6
Control Devices 133
6.1 Switches 133
6.2 Limiters 141
6.3 Phase Shifters 144
References 153
CHAPTER 7
Duplexers and Diplexers 155
References 168
CHAPTER 8
Low-Noise Amplifiers 171
References 179
CHAPTER 9
Mixers 181
References 191
CHAPTER 10
Avionics Front-Ends 193
10.1 Distance Measuring Equipment 194
10.2 Microwave Landing System 202
10.3 Global Positioning System 209
10.4 Traffic Collision Avoidance System 212
10.5 Transponder 216
Contents ix
10.6 Radio Altimeter 219
10.7 Weather Radar 223
10.8 Comparison of Microwave Front-Ends for Different Avionics Systems 225
References 227
CHAPTER 11
Integrated Multifunctional Front-Ends 229
11.1 Multimode Receiver 230
11.2 XPDR/DME/UAT/ADS-B System 232
11.3 TCAS/XPDR and TCAS/XPDR/UAT Systems 234
11.4 TCAS/XPDR/ADS-B 236
11.5 Integration Index of Combined Integrated Front-Ends 237
11.6 Interference in Avionics Systems 238
References 244
CHAPTER 12
Antennas and Interfaces 247
12.1 Blade Antennas 248
12.2 Patch Antennas 251
12.3 Passive Antenna Arrays 254
12.4 Folded-Monopole Antenna Array 258
12.5 Analysis of Printed BFNs and SBFNs 264
12.6 Nonideal Antenna Module Performance 270
12.7 Scanning Antennas 278
12.8 Active Antennas 280
12.9 Antenna Module Interface 285
References 289
CHAPTER 13
Control and Calibration of Avionics Microwave Front-Ends 293
13.1 Avionics Monopulse Front-Ends and Bearing Accuracy 295
13.2 Calibration of Avionics Front-Ends 306
13.3 Self-Test of Avionics Front-Ends 310
References 314
CHAPTER 14
Design and Fabrication Technology 317
14.1 Technology Processes 317
14.1.1 Printed Circuit Boards 318
14.1.2 Thick Films 318
14.1.3 Thin Films 319
14.1.4 Low-Temperature Cofired Ceramic 319
14.1.5 Monolithic Process 319
14.1.6 Comparison of Different Technology Processes 321