Integrated micro-ring photonics: principles and applications as slow light devices, soliton generation and optical transmission

183 Pages·2017·7.868 MB·English

by  Afreezeh, Abdolkarim, Ahmad, Hatith, Amiri, Iraj Sadegh

Integrated Micro-Ring Photonics

Integrated Micro-Ring Photonics
Principles and Applications as Slow Light
Devices, Soliton Generation and
Optical Transmission
Iraj Sadegh Amiri
Photonics Research Centre,University of Malaya,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
Abdolkarim Afreezeh
The Department General of Fars Province Education,Iran
Young Researchers and Elite Club, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University,
Jahrom,Iran
Harith Ahmad
Photonics Research Centre,University of Malaya,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
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Table of contents
Preface ix
Acknowledgements xi
Listoffigures xiii
Listoftables xvii
1 Solitonsignalspropagatinginfiberwaveguidesandslow
lightgeneration 1
1.1 Fiberwaveguides 1
1.2 Opticalsoliton 1
1.3 Ringresonators 3
1.4 Applicationsofringresonatorsystems 3
1.5 Introductionofslowlight 6
1.6 Slowlight 7
1.7 Backgroundofslowlightgeneration 8
1.8 Problemstatement 8
1.9 Researchachievements 8
1.10 Scopeofresearch 9
1.11 Significanceofstudy 9
1.12 Historyofslowlightgeneration 10
1.13 Historyofslowlight 11
2 MRRsystemsandsolitonpropagatinginoptical
fibercommunication 15
2.1 Solitonproperties 15
2.2 Evaluationofsolitonsignals 17
2.3 MRRusedtogeneratechaoticsignals 19
2.4 Resonancebandwidthofsoliton 22
2.5 Finesseofsoliton 22
2.6 FreeSpectralRange(FSR)ofsoliton 22
2.7 Qualityfactorofsoliton 23
2.8 Chaoticsolitonsignalgenerator 24
2.9 Add/Dropfiltersystem 25
2.10 Halfpandaringresonatorfunction 28
2.11 PANDAringresonators 30
vi Table of contents
2.12 Fibernonlinearities 33
2.13 Calculationofnonlinearrefractiveindex 34
2.14 NonlinearSchrödingerequation(NLSequation) 35
2.15 Temporalsoliton 37
2.16 Gaussianbeam 39
2.17 Dispersion 39
2.18 Groupvelocitydispersion 40
2.19 SelfPhaseModulation(SPM) 41
2.20 Chaoticphenomena 42
2.21 Kramers-Kronigrelations 42
2.22 Scatteringmatrixmethodforringresonator 43
2.23 Theoryofslowlight 43
2.24 Opticalbuffer 45
3 AnalysisofsingleMicro-RingResonators(MRR),add/dropfilter
MRRandcascadedMRR 47
3.1 SingleMicro-RingResonator(MRR) 47
3.2 AnalysisofSingleMicro-RingResonator(SMRR) 47
3.3 Solitonroundtripandadd/dropsystem 49
3.4 Characteristicsoftheringresonator 51
3.5 FreeSpectralRange(FSR) 51
3.6 FullWidthatHalfMaximum(FWHM) 52
3.7 Finesse 52
3.8 Qualityfactor(Qfactor) 53
3.9 Groupvelocityandphasevelocity 53
3.10 SemiconductorcascadedMRRanalysisandcharacterization 54
3.10.1 IntroductionofopticalfiltersMRRs 54
3.11 TheoreticalbackgroundofcascadedMRRsystem 55
3.12 Phase and dispersion responses and group delay analysis of the
cascadedMRRsystem 58
4 PhysicsandfabricationofMicro-RingResonator(MRR)
structuredevices 63
4.1 Introduction 63
4.2 Physicalofmicro-ringresonators 65
5 Micro-ringmodulators 73
5.1 Introduction 73
5.2 Micro-ringusedasmodulator 74
5.3 Frequency-dependentmicro-ringtransmission 76
5.4 OpticalmodulatorbasedonMRRSintegratedwith
Mach-ZehnderInterferometer(MZI) 76
6 Micro-RingResonator(MRR)inopticaltransmissionsystems 79
6.1 Micro-ringresonatorsystemsinopticalcommunicationsystems 79
6.2 TheoreticalbackgroundofsolitonpropagationinnonlinearKerr
medium 80
6.3 Resultanddiscussion 81
Table of contents vii
7 Methodsofslowlightgeneration 87
7.1 Introduction 87
7.2 Dispersioninopticalwaveguide 89
7.3 Slowlightgenerationusingnonlinearwaveguide 90
7.4 Slowlightgenerationusinglinearwaveguide 94
7.5 Examineofdispersionwaveguides 96
7.6 Applications 99
8 Solitongenerationandtransmissioninopticalfiberlink 101
8.1 SolitonchaoticsignalgenerationusingtheMRRs 101
8.2 Singledarkandbrightsolitongeneration 102
8.3 Solitoncombgenerationusingtheadd/dropsystem 104
8.4 Add/dropfiltersystemincorporatingwithseriesof
ringresonator 104
8.5 Ringresonatorsystemanalysistooptimizethesoliton
transmission 110
8.6 Ringresonatorforcommunicationapplications 116
8.6.1 Systemsetup 119
8.6.2 Wimaxsignalgeneration 119
8.7 HighlychaoticsignalgenerationandtransmissionusingPANDA
ringresonator 122
8.8 Darksolitongenerationandtweezerstransmissionusing
fiberopticlink 124
8.9 Quantumentangledphotonsgenerationbytweezersand
transmissionusingthewirelessaccesspointsystem 127
9 Conclusion 133
References 135
Appendices 155

Preface
In this book, interferometric system of Micro-Ring Resonator (MRR) for chaotic
signal generation using the fiber optic is presented. The introduction and theory of
thesolitongenerationandpropagationinfiberopticsispresentedinchaptersoneand
two. This MRR system can be incorporated with an optical add/drop filter system,
whichconstitutesanefficientsystemtogeneratethesolitoncomb,whereithasseveral
applications in optical communication. The filtering process of the chaotic signals
occurs during the round-trip of the pulse within the ring resonators. The theory and
analysisofthesingleMRR,add/dropMRRandcascadedMRRsispresentedinchapter
three. The physics and fabrication of the MRR systems are presented in the chapter
four. The MRRs used as optical modulators is presented in chapter five, and the
application of MRR system in optical communication is presented in chapter sixth.
Chaptersevenpresentsthetechniquesofgeneratingslowandfastpulseusingmicro-
ringresonator.Heredifferentsemiconductormaterialsareexamined.Theslowlightis
generatedinmicro-ringresonatorsystemswithbrightsolitonandGaussianpulseasan
input.Thegenerationofslowlightisanalyzedmathematicallythroughthescattering
matrixmethodandsimulatedbytheMATLABprogram.Thisapproachallowsforthe
aspectsofthegeneratedoutput,thatbeinghigh-speedandmulti-channelmodulation
using cascaded silicon micro-ring modulators, to be clearly shown. Also, this book
contains comprehensive details of the optoelectronic components that comprise the
feedback system, and their integration onto a single device using CMOS-compatible
processes and materials. The slow light pulses generated in linear and nonlinear
micro-ring resonator configurations are examined in terms of the effect of physical
parameterssuchasringradius,numbersofring,coreareaandcouplercoefficientson
the output pulse. Using the series of MRR connected to the add/drop MRR system,
dark and bright soliton pulses possessing Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM)
and Free Spectral Range (FSR) of 10pm and 163pm respectively are generated,
where generation of 83fs is obtained. The soliton pulse generation and bandwidth
manipulation of the pulse is performed and analyzed using the MRR system. With
theGaussianlaserinput,themulti-solitonswithFWHM=50pmandFSR=1440pm
can be generated. Here, analysis of the FWHM is performed respect to variation of
the MRR’s radius and coupling coefficient. As application in optical communication
systems, soliton with FSR=6.66MHz can be generated and used as optical carriers
tobemodulatedandtransmittedviaawired/wirelesssystem.UsingthePANDAMRR
system, the input Gaussian laser pulses with power of 0.45W are inserted into the
system.Thecentralwavelengthoftheinputpowerhasbeenselectedtoλ =1.55µm
0