Integrated Land Use and Environmental Models: A Survey of Current Applications and Research

272 Pages·2003·7.715 MB·English

by  Subhrajit Guhathakurta (auth.), Frof. Subhrajit Guhathakurta (eds.)

Subhrajit Guhathakurta (Ed.)
Integrated Land Use and
Environmental Models
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Subhrajit Guhathakurta (Ed.)
Integrated Land Use
and Environmental
Models
A Survey of Current Applications and Research
With 96 Figures
Herberger Center for Design
Excellence
Arizona State University
Tempe Arizona
Springer
A51I
AlUZoNA STATE
UNlVERSI1Y
FROF. SUBHRAJIT GUHATHAKURTA
SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND LANDSCAPE
ARCHITECTURE
MAIL CODE 872005
ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY
TEMPE, AZ 85287-2005
USA
[email protected]
Published with the cooperation of:
Herberger Center for Design Excellence, College of Architecture and Environmental Design,
Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1905
Mary R. Kihl, Ph.D., AICP
DirectorlA ssociate Dean for Research
Julie A. Russ, Editor
ISBN 978-3-642-05615-4 ISBN 978-3-662-05109-2 (eBook)
DOl 10.1007/978-3-662-05109-2
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003
Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2003.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 2003
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Cover image courtesy of Prof. Ramon J. Arrowsmith, Arizona State University
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Contents
Preface ........................................................................................................................ vii
Section I: Evolving Definitions-Changing Practices
1. Advances in Urban and Environmental Modeling:
Surveying the Terrain and Demarcating Frontiers ........................................... 3
Subhrajit Guhathakurta
2. New Developments in Urban Modeling: Simulation,
Representation, and Visualization ................................................................... 13
Michael Batty
3. Integrating Knowledge about Land Use and the
Environment Through the Use of Multiple Models ...................................... .45
Lewis D. Hopkins
Section II: Ecologic Processes and Their Land Use Implications
4. How We Will Grow: Baseline Projections of California's
Urban Footprint Through the Year 2100 ......................................................... 55
John D. Landis and Michael Reilly
5. Linking Land-use Change with Ecosystem Processes:
A Hierarchical Patch Dynamic Model... .......................................................... 99
Jianguo Wu, G. Darrel Jenerette, and John L. David
6. Adaptive Management of Complex Socio-environmental
Systems in the Southwestern United States: Examples of
Urbanizing Watersheds in Arizona and Texas .............................................. 121
Laura R. Musacchio, William E. Grant, and Tarla Peterson
7. Dynamic Spatial Modeling of Urban Growth on the San
Pedro Watershed ............................................................................................. 135
Gary Whysong, Tasila Banda-Sakala, and Betsy Conklin
Section III: Visualization, Representation, and Communication
8. Texture as a Property of Remote-sensed Images: Augmenting
Standard Spectral Classification Techniques Identification of
Built Patches on the Upper San Pedro
Basin Landscape ............................................................................................. 145
Ward Brady and Ryan Miller
9. Balancing Measurement Precision with Cognitive Efforts in
Weighting Method Selection ......................................................................... 159
Wei-Ning Xiang
vi Contents
Section IV: Socioeconomic Implications of Transportation and Land Use
10. Modeling the Reciprocal Relationship between Metropolitan
Roadway Expansion and Urban Land Development with
Elementary Extensions to Environmental Consequences ............................ 173
Philip C. Emmi and Craig Forster
11. Reexamining the Geography of the Urban Labor Market:
A Case Study of the San Francisco Bay Area .............................................. 197
Qing Shen and Mizuki Kawabata
12. Modeling Opportunity: Employment Accessibility and the
Economic Performance of Metropolitan
Phoenix Neighborhoods ................................................................................ 215
C Scott Smith
13. Maricopa Association of Governments (MAG) Review
of the Maricopa Region and the MAG Socioeconomic
Projection Process ......................................................................................... 249
Rita Walton. Mike Corlett. Cathy Arthur. and Anubhav Bagley
Contributor Biographies ........................................................................................ 267
Preface
This volume is the result of an invited symposium titled "Integrated Land-Use and
Environmental Models: A Survey of Current Applications and Research" that was
held in October 2000 at Arizona State University. The idea for the symposium
arose from a belief held by many academics that we are at the watershed of a new
generation of models that are more dynamic, more pragmatic, more interdiscipli
nary, and more amenable to collaborative decision making. Several academics and
professionals engaged in urban research had long realized that domain-specific
knowledge was inadequate for understanding and managing urban growth. While
interdisciplinary approaches have become critical in most social research, one
general area of knowledge that stands out as having the most wide-ranging impact
on current urban modeling efforts is the field comprised of environmental sciences
and ecology. The symposium offered a forum for academics and professionals
engaged in urban and ecological modeling to exchange ideas and experiences,
specifically in areas that overlapped urban and environmental issues. The contri
butions to this volume highlight the progress made in the various efforts to build
integrated urban and environmental models. More importantly, each chapter
shows how ideas have diffused across disciplinary boundaries to create better
policy-relevant models. In addition, this book outlines some promising areas
of research that could make important contributions to the field of urban and envi
ronmental modeling.
Integrated thinking about urban and environmental issues has been fundamental
to the concept of sustainability. With the rapid growth of urban populations
around the world, the demands on urban infrastructure are growing disproportion
ately faster than the rate at which such infrastructure is being expanded. The pro
vision of urban infrastructure such as clean water, mass transportation, housing,
open space, and waste removal is also a critical part of environmental manage
ment. Hence the environmental problems are compounded by both the increasing
demands on natural resources by the growing urban populations and the inability
to manage such population growth through the adequate provision of urban infra
structure. What is needed is a different approach to urban planning and environ
mental management that fundamentally changes the way cities have been designed
and managed. Such an approach would also require innovative thinking about the
connections between land, environment, human behavior, and human settlements.
It would also necessitate new tools and better theories to understand the dynamics
of urban growth and change. There is already a vast and growing literature
on various aspects of urban-environment interactions. This book offers another
dimension to this literature by compiling, in one volume, a set of theories and
Preface
Vlll
models that show how urban-environment interactions can be conceived,
analyzed, and implemented in practice.
The thirteen chapters comprising this volume build on the general theme of
changing perceptions about urban and environmental models by examining both
the theoretical advances and current applications of such models. The chapters are
not only products for the symposium but also products of the symposium given
that most went through several revisions that reflect the influence of various con
versations during and after the symposium. The papers have followed four inter
related themes that provide a natural organization of the sections in this volume.
The first section is titled "Evolving Definitions-Changing Practices." In this sec
tion the fundamental shifts in urban modeling practices are examined in relation to
the new theoretical and computational advances in the field. The second section,
"Ecologic Processes and Their Land Use Implications," provides current examples
of ecological models that influence land-use policy and planning. The next section
on "Visualization, Representation, and Communication" deals exclusively with
the science and art of geographic data generation and representation techniques.
Finally, the section on "Socioeconomic Implications of Transportation and Land
Use" examines the traditional domain of urban models from a sociological and
environmental perspective and offers new insights on transportation planning.
No project of this scale can be undertaken without the active support and
encouragement of a large number of individuals. There are many who have
directly or indirectly helped in getting this project off the ground-more than I can
do justice to in the space available in this book. The Herberger family provided
the initial funding for the symposium as part of a gift to help initiate the Ph.D.
program in Environmental Design and Planning at the College of Architecture and
Environmental Design, Arizona State University. Besides this initial funding, I
owe a debt to Professor David Pijawka, whose support and advise at the initial
stages helped in expanding the scope and reach of this project. I am also grateful
to Professor Frederick Steiner, the Director of the School of Planning and Land
scape Architecture at Arizona State University at that time, who provided encour
agement, advice, and momentum to the symposium through his active support and
involvement. Additionally, the support provided by John Meunier, Dean of the
College of Architecture and Environmental Design at Arizona State University at
that time, and by Jonathan Fink, the Vice Provost for Research at Arizona State
University has been crucial to the success of this endeavor. A significant partner in
this project has been the Southwest Center for Environmental Research and Policy
(SCERP). I gratefully acknowledge the support provided both in terms of funding
and involvement by the SCERP management committee in general and Rick
VanScoik in particular. I am also grateful to my colleagues at the School of Plan
ning and Landscape Architecture at Arizona State University for their support,
involvement, and insights.
The compilation of this book was a two-year project that involved a dedicated
group of people, most importantly, the contributors to the volume. I thank each
contributor for their continued engagement and effort in writing, revising and re
revising the manuscripts in light of conversations and editorial comments. I also
Preface IX
thank each one of the editorial assistants for their excellent job in carefully editing
and preparing the manuscripts for publications. They include, Jennifer Fraser,
Audrey Morris, Vanessa Mallory, and particularly Julie Russ who finally managed
to see this book to completion. Last, but not least, I wish to thank Mary Kihl,
Director of the Herberger Center for Design Excellence, for her initiative in sup
porting the project in the face of many organizational and budgetary changes at
the Center.
This book is dedicated to my students and to the students in the doctoral
program in Environmental Design and Planning at Arizona State University.
Subhrajit Guhathakurta
School of Planning and Landscape Architecture
Arizona State University
February 2003