integrated building systems design michael francis gebhart b. arch. university of minnesota ...

47 Pages·2012·4.05 MB·English

I TITLE INTEGRATED BUILDING SYSTEMS DESIGN
MICHAEL FRANCIS GEBHART
B. ARCH. UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILINENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
MASTER IN ARCHITECTURE AT THE
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1 AUGUST 1966.
STGNATURE OF ApTH0k
SIGNATURE OF THESIS ADVISOR
SIGNATURE OF HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
1.
38
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II SUBMISSION LETTER CAMBRIDGE 39, MASSACHUSETTS
1 AUGUST, 1966
DEAN LAWRENCE B. ANDERSON
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
77 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE
CAMBRIDGE 39, MASSACHUSETTS
DEAR DEAN ANDERSON:
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIRE-
MENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARCH-
ITECTURE, I HEREBY SUBMIT THIS THESIS
ENTITLED "INTEGRATED BUILDING SYSTEMS
DESIGN."
RESPECTFULLY,
MICHAEL FRANCIS GEBHART
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III ABSTRACT INTEGRATED BUILDING SYSTEMS DESIGN
MICHAEL FRANCIS GEBHART
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF
ARCHITECTURE, 1 AUGUST, 1966
IT IS MY BELIEF THAT THE MODERN ARCHITECT
MUST BECOME MORE AWARE OF THE TECHNOLOGI-
CAL ASPECTS OF ARCHITECTURE.
WITH THE RAPID TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE OCCUR-
ING ALL OVER THE WORLD, IT SEEMS IMPORTANT
FOR THE ARCHITECT TO PREPARE HIMSELF IN
ORDER TO MAKE MORE INFORMED DECISIONS IN HIS
WORK AND ALSO TO PUT TO USE THE ALMOST UN-
LIMITED POSSIBILITIES TECHNOLOGY HAS TO OFFER.
THIS UNDERSTANDING, ALONG WITH AN AWARENESS
OF SOCIAL VALUES, CONTROLLED BY ARTISTIC
VALUES AND SKILLS, CAN RAISE THE LEVEL OF
ARCHITECTURE TO A REAL EXPRESSION OF OUR
MODERN WORLD.
THIS STUDY, CONSIDERED AS ONLY A STAGE IN A
CONTINUOUS PROCESS, ATTEMPTS TO DEVELOP AN
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INTEGRATED SYSTEM OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
WHICH ALLOWS FOR ALL OF THE SYSTEMS IN A
BUILDING TO WORK HARMONIOUSLY WITHIN THE SYSTEM
SO THAT CHANGE CAN OCCUR IN ONE SYSTEM WITHOUT
AFFECTING THE OTHERS.
THE PROPOSAL, UNCONDITIONED BY FORM GIVING
ASPECTS SUCH AS SITE, CLIENT, OR PROGRAM,
ATTEMPTS TO EMPHASIZE THE GENERAL ASPECTS OF
SYSTEMATIZATION BASED ON ENGINEERING PRINCI-
PLES CONDITIONED WITH AN ARCHITECTURAL EYE.
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1
IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS THE WRITER WISHES TO THANK THE FOLLOWING
WHOSE ASSISTANCE AND ADVICE CONTRIBUTED TO
A YEAR OF MEANINGFUL TECHNICAL BROADENING.
EDUARDO F. CATALANO M. ARCH.
PROFESSOR OF ARCHITECTURE NIT
WACLAW ZALEWSKI
ENGINEER, CARACAS, VENEZUELA
PAUL WEIDLINGER M.S.
ENGINEER, NEW YORK
ROBERT B. NEWMAN SC.D.
ASS'T. PROFESSOR OF ARCHITECTURE MIT
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V TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION CONTENT PAGE
a) WRITTEN IV TITLE 1
II SUBMISSION LETTER 2
III ABSTRACT 3-4
IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5
V TABLE OF CONTENTS 6
VI LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 7
VII INTRODUCTION 8-10
VIII OBJECTIVES 11-.16
Ix DESIGN CRITERIA 17-19
I PROPOSAL 20.31
xiI BIBLIOGRAPHY 32
b) GRAPHIC xII DRAWINGS ,MODEL PHOTOS 31,24
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VI LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS NO CONTENT PAGE
a) MODEL 1 BASIC STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS 24a
2 UNIT ERECTION STEPS 1-3 24b
3 UNIT ERECTION STEPS 4-6 24c
4 UNIT ERECTION STEPS 7 24d
5 CEILING EXPRESSION 64 MODULE 24e
6 CEILING EXPRESSION 4 MODULE 24f
b) DRAWINGS 7 BASIC STRUCTURAL UNIT 31a
8 COMPONENTS 31b
9 COMPONENTS 310
10 DETAILS 31d
11 DETAILS 316
31f
12 BASIC UNIT PLANS
319
13 SECTION VARIATIONS
14 MODULAR FIELD 31h
311
15 ARCHITECTURAL EXPRESSION
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VII INTRODUCTION THE MASTER'S THESIS PERMITS A FOCUSING OF ATTEN.
TION ON THE PRESSING PROBLEMS OF BUILDING CON-
STRUCTION FREED FROM THE RESTRICTIONS OF THE
UNIQUE REQUIREMENTS OF CLIENT, PROGRAM AND SITE.
WHILE THE DISCOVERIES AND PROPOSALS MADE IN A
GENERALIZED INVESTIGATION OF THIS NATURE MAY
NEVER BE REALIZED AS A WHOLE, THEY MAY HAVE A
SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE ENTIRE FIELD OF ARCHITECTURE
BY INDICATING SOLUTIONS WHICH ARE CAPABLE OF
ADAPTIBILITY ON THE BROADEST SCALE. IN ADDITION
THEY MAY POSSESS THE POTENTIALITY FOR FUTURE
DEVELOPMENT AND REFINEMENT.
THE INCREASED NEED FOR UNUSUAL FLEXIBILITY DEMANDS
THAT BUILDINGS OF MANY TYPES BE CONCEIVED IN
TERMS OF LONG RANGE ADAPTABILITY TO NEW FUNCTIONS
AND ENVIRONMENTS. THIS IS ESPECIALLY TRUE IN THE
CASE OF BUILDINGS CONSTRUCTED OF SUCH PERMANENT
MATERIALS AS MASONRY AND REINFORCED CONCRETE,
WHICH CAN HAVE A LONG LIFE AND ARE EXPENSIVE TO
BUILD AND DEMOLISH.
THE CRITICAL FACTOR IN A BUILDING'S ABILITY TO
ADAPT TO NEW FUNCTIONS IS FREQUENTLY THE POSSIBILITY
OF FURNISHING THE NECESSARY MECHANICAL SERVICES
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INCLUDING HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING, ELECTRICAL
AND SANITARY SYSTEMS. THE PROVISION OF A SYSTEM
OF A FLOOR CONSTRUCTION WHICH PERMITS GREAT FLEX-
IBILITY IN THE ACCOMMODATION AND ALTERATION OF
MECHANICAL SERVICES WOULD ESSENTIALLY INCREASE THE
LONG RANGE USEFULNESS OF BUILDINGS.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PROTOTYPE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
WITH THE POTENTIALITY OF WIDESPREAD APPLICATION
DEPENDS ON EMPHASIZING ASPECTS OF SYSTEMIZATION
WHILE MINIMIZING SPECIFIC DIMENSIONS, SPANS AND
CLEARANCES WHICH COULD BE ADAPTED TO SPECIFIC
PROBLEMS. IN ADDITION, SYSTEMATIZATION OF SUCH
A STRUCTURE IS ESSENTIAL TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE
MOST ADVANCED METHODS OF PRESENT DAY TECHNOLOGY.
THE ASSUMPTION OF CONCRETE AS THE PRINCIPLE
BUILDING MATERIAL IS BASED UPON ITS GROWING UTILI-
ZATION FOR BUILDINGS OF ALL KINDS AND THE SPECIAL
NEED FOR GREAT FLEXIBILITY IN CONCRETE STRUCTURES.
CONCRETE LENDS ITSELF READILY TO MANY FACETS OF
SYSTEMATIZATION. AS IT IS A PLASTIC MATERIAL
WHICH IS GIVEN SHAPE BY ITS FORMS, REAL ECONOMY
CAN BE ACHIEVED THROUGH THE USE OF REPETITIVE
MODULAR UNITS MOLDED BY FORMS WHICH ARE RE-USED
MANY TIMES.
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SUCH AN OPERATION CAN BE EXECUTED MOST EFFICIENT-
LY UNDER FACTORY CONTROL. THROUGH PRECASTING, A
HIGH DEGREE OF PRECISION CAN BE EFFECTED AND
COSTLY SITE LABOR AND POOR WORKMANSHIP CAN BE
REDUCED. THE ERECTION PROCEDURE CAN BE HIGHLY
SYSTEMATIZED WITH LIFTING MACHINERY, CRANES, POST-
TENSIONING AND OTHER TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS.
THE RESULTANT QUALITY OF A STRUCTURE SO CONCEIVED
WILL BE ONE OF GEOMETRIC ORDER BASED NOT ON WHIM
BUT ON THE LOGICAL PROCESS OF CONSTRUCTION. 1
1MASTER'S THESIS, BURNS, KOLPRITZ, RUDQUIST, 1962, MIT 10